Aquatic Site Evaluation & Control Options. Mike Parks PCA Wilbur Ellis Co. Healdsburg & St. Helena

Transcription

1 Aquatic Site Evaluation & Control Options Mike Parks PCA Wilbur Ellis Co. Healdsburg & St. Helena 1

2 Purpose To emphasize the importance of proper aquatic pest identification, appropriate product selection and discuss potential hazards associated with aquatic pest control applications. 2

3 ? 3

4 ? 4

5 ? 5

6 Sometimes it feels like 6

7 It can always be worse 7

8 Or maybe this is worse 8

9 Outline ALGAE IDENTIFICATION & CONTROL ENVIRONMENTAL FATE OF COPPER AQUATIC WEED IDENTIFICATION & CONTROL PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION NEEDED TO TREAT PREVENTION 9

10 Algae Identification & Control 10

11 Algae Identification 11

12 Algae Identification 12

13 Algae Identification 13

14 Algae Identification Filamentous Algae 14

15 Algae Identification 15

16 Algae Identification 16

17 Algae Identification 17

18 Algae Identification Planktonic Algae 18

19 Algae Identification 19

20 Algae Identification 20

21 Algae Identification 21

22 Algae Identification Chara (Muskgrass) 22

23 Algae Control Options 23

24 Algae Control Options FILAMENTOUS, PLANKTONIC & CHARA: - Physical/Mechanical Removal - Spray/Topical (Copper, Peroxides) - Concentration Application (Copper) - Granular/Localized (Copper, Peroxides, etc.) 24

25 Algae Control Options Copper Sulfate Crystals vs. Copper Sulfate Liquids vs. Copper Complexes vs. Chelated Copper Complexes 25

26 Environmental Fate of Copper (from Aquatic Pesticides) 26

27 Environmental Fate of Copper Copper is a naturally prevalent element, essential micronutrient and critical component of many anthropogenic activities. 27

28 Environmental Fate of Copper Copper is a naturally prevalent element, essential micronutrient and critical component of many anthropogenic activities. Copper inputs to aquatic systems from numerous sources (Ex: Natural, Storm Water, Industrial, Ag). 28

29 Environmental Fate of Copper Copper is a naturally prevalent element, essential micronutrient and critical component of many anthropogenic activities. Copper inputs to aquatic systems from numerous sources (Ex: Natural, Storm Water, Industrial, Ag). Aquatic Copper Pesticides account for a relatively small proportion (+/-13%). 29

30 Environmental Fate of Copper Following a copper pesticide application, copper moves from water column to algae and ultimately to bottom sediments in an aquatic system. 30

31 Environmental Fate of Copper Following a copper pesticide application, copper moves from water column to algae and ultimately to bottom sediments in an aquatic system. Speed of copper transport to sediments is mediated by algae biomass, particulates and water chemistry. 31

32 Environmental Fate of Copper Following a copper pesticide application, copper moves from water column to algae and ultimately to bottom sediments in an aquatic system. Speed of copper transport to sediments is mediated by algae biomass, particulates and water chemistry. Sorption occurs within hours and transport to sediment occurs within days. 32

33 Environmental Fate of Copper In sediment, copper is bound in less bioavailable forms therefore decreasing risks to non-target species. 33

34 Environmental Fate of Copper In sediment, copper is bound in less bioavailable forms therefore decreasing risks to non-target species. Soil structure determines the magnitude of sediment copper concentration that may cause adverse effects. 34

35 Environmental Fate of Copper In sediment, copper is bound in less bioavailable forms therefore decreasing risks to non-target species. Soil structure determines the magnitude of sediment copper concentration that may cause adverse effects. Copper accumulation is lessened through time due to downward migration and sediment accretion. 35

36 Environmental Fate of Copper Overall, studies have demonstrated that sediment from treated water bodies (short-term & long-term) have not produced measurable adverse effects to sensitive sentinel species. 36

37 Aquatic Weed Identification & Control 37

38 Aquatic Weed Identification 38

39 Aquatic Weed Identification 39

40 Aquatic Weed Identification 40

41 Aquatic Weed Identification Duckweed 41

42 Aquatic Weed Identification 42

43 Aquatic Weed Identification 43

44 Aquatic Weed Identification 44

45 Aquatic Weed Identification Mosquito Fern, Azolla 45

46 Aquatic Weed Identification 46

47 Aquatic Weed Identification 47

48 Aquatic Weed Identification 48

49 Aquatic Weed Identification Watermeal 49

50 Categories of Common Aquatic Plants & Control Options 50

51 Floating Plants Free-floating surface plants that derive their nutrients directly from the water through the cell wall or by means of a well-developed root system. Water is critical for support of the plant or its leaves. 51

52 Floating Plants Duckweed 52

53 Floating Plants Duckweed Mosquito Fern, Azolla 53

54 Floating Plants Duckweed Mosquito Fern, Azolla Watermeal 54

55 Floating Plants Duckweed Mosquito Fern, Azolla Watermeal Water Hyacinth 55

56 Floating Weed Control Options FLOATING WEEDS: - Physical/Mechanical Removal - Foliar Burndown (Diquat, etc.) - Foliar Systemics (Glyphosate, etc) - Concentration Systemics (Fluridone, etc.) - Granular/Localized (Fluridone, Copper, etc) 56

57 Floating Weed Control Options FLOATING WEEDS: Make sure to consider the size of your target weed and always use the proper adjuvants to aid in your application success. 57

58 Floating Weed Control Options DO NOTHING? 58

59 Submerged Plants Plants that are generally rooted in the sediment and are predominantly underwater. Submerged plants usually lack rigid cellular tissue. Flowers, if present, may extend above the water surface. 59

60 Submerged Plants American Pondweed 60

61 Submerged Plants American Pondweed Curly-Leafed Pondweed 61

62 Submerged Plants American Pondweed Curly-Leafed Pondweed Eurasian Watermilfoil 62

63 Submerged Plants American Pondweed Curly-Leafed Pondweed Eurasian Watermilfoil Parrotfeather 63

64 Submerged Plants American Pondweed Curly-Leafed Pondweed Eurasian Watermilfoil Parrotfeather Sago Pondweed 64

65 Submerged Weed Control Options SUBMERGED WEEDS: - Physical/Mechanical Removal - Foliar Burndown (Diquat, Copper, etc.) - Foliar Systemics (Glyphosate, etc) - Concentration Systemics (Fluridone, etc.) - Granular/Localized (Fluridone, Copper, etc) 65