Florida s Aquatic Plant Management Program. Jeff Schardt - Florida FWC

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1 Florida s Aquatic Plant Management Program Jeff Schardt - Florida FWC

2 Scope - FL Aquatic Plant Management Program 450 public lakes and rivers million acres 24 exotic species - (98%) - 12 invasive - (94%) 350 active management programs - 63,000 acres / 5 yr avg ~ $20 million annually - 7,200 active permits

3 Public Water Bodies Sovereignty lands Public ramp

4 Other Jurisdictions

5 Uses of Florida Public Waters

6 Program Components Prevention Assessment / EDRR Regulation / Compliance Management Aquatics Uplands Research Vegetation Planting Education & Outreach

7 Prevention DHS / USDA Importation USDA Interstate FDACS Nurseries

8 Assessment Detection - Priorities - Evaluation

9 Regulation and Compliance 9 offices 22 biologists extension permits inventory compliance

10 Program Components Prevention Assessment / EDRR Regulation / Compliance Management Aquatics Uplands Research Vegetation Planting Education & Outreach

11 Native vs. Exotic vs. Invasive Invasive Species: NISC non-native (or alien) to the ecosystem under consideration and, whose introduction causes or is likely to cause economic or environmental harm or harm to human health

12 Invasive Plants Characteristics of Invasive Plants Rapid growth to reproductive maturity Multiple reproductive methods Wide dispersal and survival Broad environmental tolerance Resists management / control

13 Invasive Aquatic Plants Eradicate new colonies Maintenance control established populations low levels

14 Early Detection - Rapid Response $ 1 million contingency Salvinia molesta Ipomoea aquatica Marsilea mutica Mimosa pigra Arundo donax Azolla pinata Luziola subintegra Phyllanthus fluitans

15 Early Detection - Rapid Response Phyllanthus fluitans - Red root floater

16 Management Priorities Floating plants (hyacinth/lettuce) New hydrilla infestations Plants blocking access / navigation Open areas in dense hydrilla mats Large-scale hydrilla control Control other noxious plants Residential canals

17 Management Priorities Floating plants (hyacinth/lettuce) New hydrilla infestations Plants blocking access / navigation Open areas in dense hydrilla mats Large-scale hydrilla control Control other noxious plants Residential canals

18 Water Hyacinth & Water Lettuce Floating plants Invasive exotics South America Problems Flood control Navigation Recreation Environmental

19 Hydrilla Submersed - to 35 feet Invasive exotic SE Asia Problems Flood Control Navigation Recreation Environmental

20 Management Options Biological 19 Chemical 26 Cultural/Physical 9 Mechanical 4 Environmental

21 Biological Plant # Biocontrols Alligatorweed 3 Hydrilla 5 Water hyacinth 4 Water lettuce 2 Melaleuca 3 Lygodium 2

22 Mechanical - History

23 Mechanical Non-selective Slow (2-8 acres/day) Cost prohibitive Small areas

24 Cultural / Physical Hand removal Diver dredge Prescribed fire Drawdown* Flooding* Barriers Dyes Rakes

25 Chemical USEPA-FDACS Registered Herbicides Herbicide # copper - 3 diquat - 1 endothall - 4 fluridone - 4 glyphosate - 1 2,4-D / 15

26 Chemical USEPA-FDACS Registered Herbicides Herbicide # bispyribac - 1 carfentrazone - 1 copper - 3 diquat - 1 endothall - 4 flumioxazin - 1 fluridone - 6 Herbicide # glyphosate - 1 imazamox - 1 imazapyr - 1 penoxsulam - 1 peroxide - 1 triclopyr - 2 2,4-D - 2

27 Herbicide Registration USEPA registers for aquatic use FDACS registers for FL use envt. agencies comment to FDACS new compounds - uses / sites FWC permits / contracts use in water funds research rates, selectivity, timing, compatibility

28 Environmental Control

29 hydrilla uprooted

30 and blown away!

31 Hydrilla Suppression turbidity tannins algae blooms deep water aggressive management

32 Management Decisions Uses / functions Plant species present Impairment Technology Current conditions Budget

33 Management Dilemma Manager perspective control invasive plants before they become a problem Stakeholder perspective don t control plants until they become a problem

34 Maintenance Control

35

36 Management Operations Contract all control in public waters 13 government contractors local knowledge / incentive additional supervision 22 private sector contracts government not available augment / specialized equipment herbicides / tech support

37 Coordination USACE USEPA USDA USFWS USGS FDEP FWCC FDACS WMDs Universities Local government Private businesses Public associations

38 Vegetation Planting

39 Research Management Reproductive methods seed viability Weakness in life cycle Susceptibility to available controls synergistic effects Develop additional controls Impacts to non-target organisms

40 Research - Outreach University of Florida 85,000 articles Physiology - control

41 Outreach Articles Brochures Books Classroom curricula DVDs / videos Journals Media presentations Operation manuals Posters Research Reports Web sites Weed alerts

42

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