CORN & SOYBEAN AGRONOMIC UPDATES. Angela McClure December 2014

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1 CORN & SOYBEAN AGRONOMIC UPDATES Angela McClure December 2014

2 2014 at a glance.. 880,000 acres corn harvested; 168 bu/a 1.58 million acres soybean harvested; 46 bu/a 475,00 acres wheat harvested; 66 bu/a 270,000 acres cotton harvested; 915 lbs/acre Jan 10, USDA NASS report projected yields

3 Downside of a High Yield Year Corn prices near $4 Soybeans near $10 Shift in acres Increase Profits by Cutting costs Increasing yield

4 N loss due to wet soils crawfish tunnel usually means your soil doesn t drain very well!

5 Adequate Nitrogen Rate- Base amount on realistic yield goals for each field Expected Grain Yield Nitrogen (lbs/acre) Lbs N per bushel of grain bushels bushels bushels bushels bushels

6 Bushels Yield increase with N Stabilizer on Dry Urea (150 lbs N/A at planting; 2011, 2013) (Bu/Ac) Agrotain Ultra Jackson Milan REC Mid TN Yin, Savoy and McClure

7 Summary N Stabilizer Comparisons (150 lb N/A at planting in all treatments) Treatment 2011 Jackson 2013 Milan Yield as Bu/Acre 2013 Springhill Ammonium nitrate a a a Untreated urea b d 137 d Urea+ Nutrisphere N b cd cd Urea + Agrotain ab ab Urea + Agrotain Ultra a bc bc Urea + N-zone b ESN bc bc

8 Value of Pre-Tassel Nitrogen Application (220 lbs N IR; 180 lbs N dryland) (Bu/Ac) b b a At Plant 1X Split 2X Pre Tassel 3X IR 2013 IR 2014 IR 2014 (lost layby N)

9 Pop Up Fertilizer and Corn Yield 300 No Starter UAN (10-0-0) Black Label ZN (2-7-0ZN) WTREC 2014 MilanREC (180lbs total N non irr) (220 lbs total N IRR)

10 Yellowtop a.k.a. Soybean Top Dieback in 2014

11 UT lab ~ 34% testing low in K 50 Potassium Soil Test Levels Statewide Agronomic vs Garden/Lawns UT Soil, Plant & Pest Center PERCENTAGE OF SOIL SAMPLES ANALYZED Low Medium High VeryHigh M1 POTASSIUM NUTRIENT RATING Lawn & Garden Agronomic

12 UT lab- 37% testing low in P Phosphorous Soil Test Levels Statewide- All Crops vs. Agronomic Only UT Soil, Plant & Pest Center PERCENTAGE OF SOIL SAMPLES ANALYZED Low Medium High VeryHigh M1 PHOSPHORUS NUTRIENT RATING All Crops Agronomic Only

13 UT Phosphate and Potash recommendations Slow Build philosophy Soil Test Level P205 lb/a K20 lb/a Corn Soybean Corn Soybean High Medium Low

14 UT Sulfur Research Low testing sulfur fields need Su Ammonium sulfate source ($0.32 lb Su) Data source: Milan REC low Su field Corn Soybean Sulfur Rate lbs/a b 155 b 53.2 a 49.7 a 10 lbs/a a 186 a 50.8 a 50.3 a 20 lbs/a a 195 a 50.1 a 51.6 a 30 lbs/a a 187 a 54.6 a 49.7 a

15 Corn Variable Costs Breakeven 154 bu Seed Lime/Fert Chemicals Cash Rent Labor, Equipt Soybean Variable Costs Breakeven 46.7 bu Seed Lime/Fert Chemicals Cash Rent Labor, Equipt Other (from 2014 UT Crop budgets for non irrigated corn and soybeans)

16 First Farmer s Coop Corn budget 2015 Corn (150 Yield Goal) *All prices are strictly speculative. *Rates and quantities are given as a general guide and are not specific reccome Item Description Unit Quantity Price Total Lime 2 ton every 4 years per ton 0.5 $ $ Seed Seed Corn (Avg. $240 per 80K) VT3P / HR hybrids 1000 seed 30 $ 3.00 $ Insecticide seed treatment included n/a 0 $ - Fungicide seed treatment included n/a 0 $ - $ Fertilizer (Current Soil Test Reccomended) Upstart w/ Ascend + Zinc Z 4 gallon $ Urea (Nutrisphere) 195 $0.61 per unit DAP (Avail) 69 $0.76 per unit Potash 90 $0.39 per unit Mg $0.58 per unit Sulfur 15 $0.32 per unit Zinc 2 $0.90 per unit Boron 1 $0.77 per unit $ $

17 First Farmer s Coop Soybean Budget 2015 Soybean (40 Yield Goal) *All prices are strictly speculative. *Rates and quantities are given as a general guide and are not specific reccome Item Description Unit Quantity Price Total Lime 2 ton every 4 years per ton 0.5 $ $ Seed Soybeans (Avg. $52 per 140K) 1000 seed 140 $ 0.37 $ Insect./Fung. seed treatment Warden CX Unit 140,000 $ Innoculant Primo Unit 140,000 $ 1.34 $ Fertilizer (Current Soil Test Reccomended) Urea (Nutrisphere) 18 $0.54 per unit DAP (Avail) 46 $0.76 per unit Potash 120 $0.39 per unit Mg $0.58 per unit $ Sulfur 15 $0.32 per unit Zinc 2 $0.90 per unit Boron 1 $0.77 per unit $ 89.13

18 Profitable Corn with Unprofitable Prices Cover the Basics: Plant corn in good yielding fields Plant early Good genetics Good ph, N, P, K Weed Control Water if you can Carefully consider others: Extra fertilizer, micronutrients Foliar fungicide Insecticide sprays Sugar, foliar antistress, growth promoters

19 Profitable Soybeans with Unprofitable Prices Cover the Basics: Full season beans Fung/Insect seed treatment on early beans Good genetics Adequate ph, P, K Weed Control (suitable generics) Scout and treat for diseases and insects Carefully consider others: Extra fertilizer, micronutrients Blanket sprays for insects and diseases Inoculants, sugar, foliar anti-stress, growth promoters

20 Evaluation of high yield soybean techniques D. Verbree and A. McClure

21 Light penetration and branching No branching Branching Light penetration to axial buds 30 15

22 Effects of variety, row spacing, and seeding rate on yield (WTREC, 2013)

23 Row Spacing Evaluation Milan REC small plot 2 varieties: Pioneer 47T36 and Asgrow planting rates: 100K and 140K 3 row configurations: 15, 30 and skip row planted at similar rates of 100K or 140K County on-farm demonstration 10 sites 7.5 (1), 15 (9), skip row(10), 30 (2) Skip rows planted at 1/3 lower rates

24 Skip Row Population and Yield (Milan REC) (ns at P=0.05) K 140K P47T36 AG4632

25 Row Configuration and Yield, Milan REC (Skip row at same population as solid) " solid 30" Skip row P47T36 AG4632

26 2014 GoBeans On-farm Results 10 locations in 9 counties Compare yield of 15 rows to skip rows 2 locations included 30 rows 1 location had 7.5 vs skip Planter set for single population with no skip row adjustment (skip row planted 33% less seed per acre) Photo: Ranson Goodman

27 On-farm Skip row results Row Syste m Cannon Coffee Crockett Dyer Dyer IRR Average number nodes per plant Franklin Giles Henry Tipton b Skip a Average Total Pods per plant b 37.2b 46.9b b b Skip 55.0a 59.1a 57.4a a a Average Branch pods per plant b 3.8b 16.0b b 12.0b Skip 16.8a 17.1a 26.9a a 37.5a

28 On-farm Skip row results-yield Weakley Tipton IR Henry IR Giles IR Solid Skip Franklin Dyer IR Dyer Dry Crockett Coffee Cannon

29 Skip Row $Return on Investment Skip Row Return (# sites) (2) (1) 7.37 (10) 5 (9) 0 7.5" 15" 30" All RS

30 Skip Row ROI ($) By location Location Variety Return/A with Skip Row Cannon Pioneer 49T97R $7.56 Coffee Pioneer 47T36R $22.95 Crockett Asgrow $2.75 Dyer-- IR Asgrow 5233 $4.07 Dyer Asgrow 4934 $40.60 Franklin Pioneer 49T97R -$22.30 Giles IR Asgrow 4232 $14.80 Henry-- IR Asgrow 4533 $10.52 Tipton-- IR Asgrow $9.12 Weakley Terral 38R10R $20.14 Average Return $11.69 Varieties highlighted in yellow usually branch less according to seed rep

31 Did Environment affect Outcome? Location ROI 60-day accum Season Total GDD Precip (in) GDD Precip (in) WTREC Cannon $ Coffee $ Crockett -$2.75 Dyer-- IR $ Dyer $ Franklin -$ Giles IR $ Henry-- IR $10.52 Tipton-- IR -$ Weakley $

32 Skip row summary Milan REC skip row beans had similar yields at same seeding rate as 15 row beans On-farm skip row beans had more total pods and branch pods per plant in all environments 8 of 10 sites statistically similar yields with less seed 7 of 10 sites returned money 3 of 4 irrigated sites returned money Planned in 2015 more study in this area Reduced and higher 15 row compared to skip row Different year/environment weather?

33 Odds and ends. Refill Irrigation/Crop Physiologist New crushing plant Trenton, KY on-line spring 2015 for canola Corn checkoff for TN

34 Any Quest ions??