Winter Weed Control Options for Tall Fescue and Bermudagrass Turf

Transcription

1 Winter Weed Control Options for Tall Fescue and Bermudagrass Turf Dec 26, 2010 L. S. Warren ( ) North Carolina State University

2 Discussion Topics October through December Post annual bluegrass Post winter broadleaf weeds Post wild garlic Overseeding / Reseeding issues January through March Same weeds Bermudagrass dormancy issues

3 POST Weed Management Strategies Winter annual and cool season perennial weeds exhibit rapid vegetative growth in October November before cold weather sets in. This is the ideal time to apply POST herbicides. Generally, POST herbicides are less effective on these weeds from December February as they tend to overwinter and slowdown growth. HOWEVER, some herbicides have to be applied at this time while warm season turf is DORMANT.

4 POST Weed Management Strategies Winter annual and cool season perennial weeds resume rapid growth in March May as they prepare to produce seedheads or perennial reproductive structures. This is a good time to apply POST herbicides. Apply these herbicides BEFORE the seedheads or reproductive structures are produced!!!

5 What are advantages to early weed identification and control? Can control before desired turf gets thinned out Less herbicide usually needed for control of younger plants (save money) Herbicide may not control mature plants no matter the rate (Henbit can be difficult to control in winter and spring) Herbicides do not kill weed seeds (you may kill the parent plant, but offspring will be unaffected)

6 Oct 24, 2008

7 Apr 6, 2009

8 Annual Bluegrass Control in Tall Fescue

9 Postemergence Annual Bluegrass Control in Tall Fescue or Overseeded Perennial Ryegrass October, November and December option Prograss, PoaConstrictor Labeled for home use by professional applicator Gives PRE control as well as early POST control

10 PRE and POST Weed Management Strategies for Poa annua Control Ethofumesate (Prograss, PoaConstrictor) Tolerance in dormant bermudagrass overseeded with perennial ryegrass or established perennial ryegrass turf, tall fescue, Ky bluegrass, St. Aug 1 lb ai/acre 30 to 45 days after overseeding 1 lb ai/acre 21 to 28 days after 1 st application Do not apply after January 1 delays greenup

11 Prograss 1.5EC Nov and Dec appl 2.67 qt/acre each Photo: Apr 13, 2009

12 Postemergence Annual Bluegrass Control in Tall Fescue or Overseeded Perennial Ryegrass January, February and March option January: February: March: NO Possibly late Feb Xonerate 70WG

13 2012: Amicarbazone Receives U.S. Registration for Use in Turf Use sites: Golf courses Sod farms Commercial/Residential areas Parks and recreational areas Academic grounds Tolerant turf: (6 month established) All warm-season species Cool-season species***: Tall fescue Perennial ryegrass Fine fescue Kentucky bluegrass Creeping bentgrass*** ***2 to 4 oz/a applied twice at 2 to 3 wk intervals except for bentgrass check label

14 Poa annua Control and Seedhead Suppression in Overseeded Bermuda Herbicide: Amicarbazone (Xonerate) Xonerate is tolerant to many established (at least 6 months) cool and warm season turf species, BUT its main niche is bermudagrass overseeded with perennial ryegrass. Cool season: 2 to 4 oz/acre at 2 to 3 wk intervals Warm season: 3 to 10 oz/acre at 2 to 3 wk intervals

15 % Control Annual Bluegrass Control in Triple Threat Ryegrass Using Amicarb at 2 and 4 oz/a lsd p= Amicarbazone 2 oz/a Feb 23 and Mar 7 Amicarbazone 4 oz/a Feb 23 and Mar 7 Amicarbazone 2 oz/a Feb 23 and Mar 15 Amicarbazone 4 oz/a Feb 23 and Mar Mar 6-Apr 21-Apr : Lake Wheeler Field Lab Check Induce applied at 0.25%

16 % Plot Coverage Triple Threat Ryegrass Stand Effects Using Amicarbazone at 2 and 4 oz/a lsd p= Amicarbazone 2 oz/a Feb 23 and Mar 7 Amicarbazone 4 oz/a Feb 23 and Mar 7 Amicarbazone 2 oz/a Feb 23 and Mar 15 Amicarbazone 4 oz/a Feb 23 and Mar Mar 6-Apr 21-Apr : Lake Wheeler Field Lab Check Induce applied at 0.25%

17 Check (Apr 21) Xonerate - 2 oz/acre Feb 23 and Mar 7 Overseeded Oct 13 Lake Wheeler

18 Check (Apr 21) Xonerate - 2 oz/acre Feb 23 and Mar 15 Overseeded Oct 13 Lake Wheeler

19 Check (Apr 21) Xonerate - 4 oz/acre Feb 23 and Mar 7 Overseeded Oct 13 Lake Wheeler

20 Check (Apr 21) Xonerate - 4 oz/acre Feb 23 and Mar 15 Overseeded Oct 13 Lake Wheeler

21 Nontreated Photo Apr 6, 2010 Amicarbazone 3 oz/a Mar 16 and Apr 6, 2010 Tobacco Road Golf Club

22 Annual Bluegrass 56 DAT Nontreated

23 Annual Bluegrass 56 DAT Amicarbazone 2.1 oz/a Foliage-only Soil-only Foliage + Soil

24 % Control Post POAAN Control in Overseeded Bermuda Using Amicarbazone 70WG lsd p=.05 3 oz/a Dec 8, Dec 20 3 oz/a Dec 20, Jan 5 3 oz/a Jan 5, Jan oz/a Feb 1, Feb 15 4 oz/a Dec 8, Dec 20 4 oz/a Dec 20, Jan 5 4 oz/a Jan 5, Jan Mar Belvedere Country Club ( ) 4 oz/a Feb 1, Feb 15 Check Induce applied at 0.25% v/v

25 % Stand Reduction PHD Ryegrass Tolerance to Amicarbazone 70WG at Various Timings lsd p=.05 3 oz/a Dec 8, Dec oz/a Dec 20, Jan 5 3 oz/a Jan 5, Jan 19 3 oz/a Feb 1, Feb 15 4 oz/a Dec 8, Dec 20 4 oz/a Dec 20, Jan 5 4 oz/a Jan 5, Jan Mar Belvedere Country Club ( ) 4 oz/a Feb 1, Feb 15 Check Induce applied at 0.25% v/v

26 AMICARB + NIS 3 OZ % DEC 20 JAN 5 AMICARB + NIS 3 OZ % FEB 1 FEB 15 Photo Mar 1

27 AMICARB + NIS 4 OZ % JAN 5 JAN AMICARB + NIS 4 OZ % FEB 1 FEB 15 Photo Mar 1

28 Photo Mar 1, 2012 Xonerate applied TOO SOON (Dec 8, 2011 to Feb 15, 2012) 3 to 4 oz/acre per application (twice) Ryegrass overseeded Oct 10, 2011 Apply Xonerate starting late Feb to early Mar, not in the fall, or ryegrass stand will be wiped out!!!!!

29 Annual Bluegrass Control in Common Bermuda Spray Nov Photo Feb

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31 Annual Bluegrass Control in Common Bermuda Four Herbicide Programs 1. Pre and post: Kerb 2. Post and pre: Atrazine / Simazine 3. Dormant bermuda: Roundup, SureGuard, Sencor 4. Post only: Sulfonylurea herbicides

32 PRE and POST Weed Management Strategies for Poa annua Control Kerb 3.3EC not for home use 2 to 3 lb/acre Apply September 15 through February 1 Do not overseed for 90 days Tolerance in bermudagrass, zoysiagrass, centipedegrass and St. Augustinegrass Product is mobile if heavy rain or irrigation!

33 Kerb is mobile if heavy rain or excess irrigation occurs too soon after application

34 Poa annua and Winter Annual Broadleaf Weed Control atrazine (AAtrex several formulations) 1 to 2 lb ai/acre Nov 15 Dec 31 simazine (Princep several formulations) 1 to 2 lb ai/acre Nov 15 Dec 15 Centipede, St. Augustine, bermuda, zoysia tolerant Labeled for home use

35 Poa annua and Winter Annual Broadleaf Weed Control Common simazine program 1 lb ai/a applied Oct followed by 1 lb ai/a applied Dec 15-30

36 Poa annua and Winter Annual Broadleaf Weed Control atrazine and simazine control many common winter annual broadleaf weeds such as: Common chickweed Henbit Corn speedwell Lawn burweed Hop clover Many other broadleaf weeds listed on their labels.

37 Atrazine 2 qt/acre Photos Apr 11, 2005 Check Little barley, annual bluegrass, henbit, Brazilian catsear, Carolina geranium, mouseear chickweed, corn speedwell

38 Princep 1 lb ai /A AAtrex 1 lb ai /A Roundup Pro 1 lb ai /A Treated Dec 22, 2003 Photo Feb 5, 2004

39 Perennial and Winter Annual Broadleaf Weeds: Poa annua metribuzin (Sencor 75 Turf) 0.67 lb/acre glyphosate (Roundup Pro, Touchdown Pro) 1 pt/acre* flumioxazin (SureGuard) 8 to 12 oz/acre* * % v/v nonionic surfactant Dormant nonoverseeded bermuda only!

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41 May 2, 2007 Photo Roundup applied in early spring for winter weed control

42 Photo Nov 17, to 10 oz/acre SureGuard 2 WAT

43 Perennial and Winter Annual Broadleaf Weeds: Poa annua Sencor 75 Turf Labeled for home lawns but by commercial applicator controls common winter annual broadleaf weeds Roundup (many glyphosate formulations) 1 pt/a only controls winter annual broadleaf weeds SureGuard Labeled for home lawns; Controls common winter annual broadleaf weeds and also provides PRE control of crabgrass and goosegrass

44 Oct-Dec Annual Bluegrass Control Nonoverseeded Bermudagrass Sulfonylurea Herbicide Highlights Can basically apply anytime in fall, late winter, spring when temperatures are mild to warm and poa actively growing Control various common broadleaf weeds also TranXit label: says to apply 2 oz/a in Nov and 2 oz/a in Feb-Mar; however, we get good to excellent results with only one 1 oz/a application

45 Postemergence Annual Bluegrass Control in Bermudagrass Sulfonylurea Herbicides Revolver 1.09 pt bermuda, zoysia *Monument 0.33 oz bermuda, zoysia *Tranxit 1 oz bermuda, zoysia, centipede *Katana 3 oz bermuda, zoysia, centipede *Nonionic surfactant needed at 0.25% (Katana and Tranxit not labeled for home use)

46 Revolver 1.09 pt/a Applied Nov Photo Apr Monument + NIS 0.56 oz/a % Applied Nov Photo Apr

47 Tranxit + NIS 1 oz/a % Applied Nov Photo Apr

48 Katana + NIS 3 oz/a % Applied Nov Photo Apr

49 Winter Broadleaf Weed Control in Tall Fescue

50 Cool Season Perennial and Winter Annual Broadleaf Weeds Dandelion White clover India mock strawberry Curly dock Buckhorn plantain Wild violet Yellow woodsorrel Henbit Chickweed species Carolina geranium Speedwell species Lawn burweed Field pansy Hairy bittercress Hop clover

51 Postemergence Broadleaf Weed Control in Tall Fescue - Fall timings ideal if fescue is established, especially for henbit control - Henbit will be extremely difficult to control if wait to spray in the winter or spring

52 % Control Postemergence Henbit Control in Common Bermudagrass with Standard Herbicides LSD (p=.05) Amine SL 2 pt/a Spotlight 1.5EC 1.33 pt/a Amine 4 + Spotlight pt/a Confront 3SL 1.5 pt/a Millenium Ultra 3.75L 2.5 pt/a Speed Zone 2.2EC 3.5 pt/a Trimec Classic 3.32L 3.5 pt/a Trimec Southern 4.58SL 2 pt/a Manor 60WG + X oz/a % Check Sprayed Mar 14, 2005 Rated Apr 11, 2005 (Sampson County)

53 Trimec Classic 3.5 pt/a: Apr 11, 2005 (4 WAT)

54 % Control Henbit control averaged over Millenium Ultra qt Escalade qt Trimec Classic qt Confront 1-2 pt Coolpower qt 20 0 Rates are product per acre, averaged across formulations, locations, years.

55 Check Escalade 2 4EC 3 pt/a Applied Photo

56 2,4-D + mecoprop + dicamba (Trade Names) Trimec (several formulations) Lesco Three-Way Formula II 33 Plus Weed-B-Gon Tolerant in fescue species, perennial ryegrass, Kentucky bluegrass and bermudagrass, bahiagrass, zoysiagrass Probably the most common combinations used

57 Postemergence Broadleaf Weed Herbicides Labeled for Cool or Warm Season Turf Use 2,4-D Mecoprop Dicamba Weedar 64 MCPP-p 4 Amine Banvel, Vanquish Three-way mixes: Triplet SF, Three-Way Selective Trimec many formulations (southern) MCPA and / or triclopyr-containing products Tri-Power, Cool Power, Horsepower, Battleship III, Chaser Clopyralid-containing products (legumes) (not for home use) Lontrel, Confront, Millennium Ultra, Millennium Ultra 2

58 Postemergence Broadleaf Weed Herbicides Labeled for Cool or Warm Season Turf Use Carfentrazone-containing products (quicker burndown) Power Zone, Speed Zone, Speed Zone Southern, SquareOne, Quicksilver Fluroxypyr-containing products (woody plants-buttonweed) Escalade, Escalade Low Odor, Escalade 2, Battleship III Florasulam-containing products Defendor

59 Postemergence Broadleaf Weed Herbicides Labeled for Cool or Warm Season Turf Use Penoxsulam-containing products Lockup formulations Sulfentrazone-containing products (quicker burndown) Blindside, Dismiss, Solitare, Surge, Tzone Q4 dormant bermuda; Q4 Plus actively growing bermuda Pyraflufen-containing products (even quicker burndown!!!) Octane, 4-Speed, 4-Speed XT

60 Winter Broadleaf Weed Control in Bermuda Oct 19, 2011

61 Mar 20, 2012

62 Postemergence Broadleaf Weed Control in Bermudagrass - Henbit easily controlled with sulfonylureas in fall, winter or spring; however fall timings still ideal Certainty Manor Monument Revolver TranXit

63 Postemergence Broadleaf Weed Herbicides Labeled for Warm Season Turf Use Only Metsulfuron (Manor, MSM, Blade) -fine fescue, Ky bluegrass Sulfentrazone + imazethapyr (Dismiss South) Bayer CropScience Thiencarbazone + iodosulfuron + dicamba Celsius 68WG (registered in 2010) Thiencarbazone + foramsulfuron + halosulfuron Tribute Total 60.5WG (registered in 2012)

64 Use on bermuda, zoysia, centipede and St. Augustinegrass in golf, sod farm, residential, commercial, sport and roadside turf areas Controls crabgrass, foxtail, bahiagrass, bull paspalum and many broadleaf weeds (summer and winter) Overseed ryegrass 2 week after application Apply 30 days prior to seeding bermuda or zoysia or wait 2 to 3 weeks after seedling or sprig emergence to apply

65 Celsius WG Applications Rates: 2.5, 3.7, or 4.9 oz/a Maximum use rate of 7.4 oz/a annually 2.5 oz/a applied 3 times, 2-4 wks apart as needed 3.7 oz/a applied 2 times, 2-4 wks apart as needed 4.9 fb 2.5 oz/a, 2-4 wks apart as needed Non-ionic surfactant or methylated seed oil improves control

66 Turf tolerances: bermuda, zoysia Turf uses: golf, sod production, residential and commercial properties, sports facilities, roadsides Weeds controlled: various sedges, kyllinga species, summer and winter grasses and broadleaves % non-ionic surfactant or 0.5-1% methylated seed oil required

67 Tribute Total 1 to 2 oz/a controls Annual bluegrass, ryegrass species, tall fescue chickweed clover cudweed dandelion species, henbit, hairy bittercress, knawel, buckhorn plantain, corn speedwell 3.2 oz/a controls Geranium, parsley-piert, yellow woodsorrel

68 General Rules for Fall-Seeded Lawns If you spray before seeding Wait about a month before seeding. If you seed before spraying Wait until seedlings have developed a good root system and have begun to tiller. This usually means the seedlings should not be sprayed until the following spring after a couple of mowings. Check labels for specific recommendations!!!

69 Herbicide Label Examples Trimec Classic Fescue seed can be sown 3 to 4 weeks after application Do not apply to newly seeded turf until 2 nd or 3 rd mowing Confront Do not reseed until 3 weeks after application Newly seeded turf should be mowed 2 to 3 times before application Millennium Ultra Do not apply to newly seeded turf until well established

70 Fall-Seeded Lawns: Tenacity Application rate: 5 to 8 fl oz/a Tenacity can be applied to newly seeded tall fescue, perennial ryegrass and Kentucky bluegrass any time before germination After germination, wait until turf has been mowed twice or 4 weeks after emergence

71 Fall-Seeded Lawns: Tenacity Postemergence control requires two applications at 2 to 3 week intervals. Common chickweed Mouseear chickweed Henbit Lawn burweed Corn speedwell Buttercup species Dandelion White clover Hop clover Yellow woodsorrel Cudweed species Curly dock

72 Wild Garlic Feb 22, ,4-D amine 3 qt/acre + surfactant Tall fescue, perennial ryegrass, Kentucky bluegrass Bermudagrass, zoysiagrass Treat for 2 years Treat Oct-Nov or Feb-Mar

73 Wild Garlic Mar 11, 2005 (17 DAT) 2,4-D amine

74 Wild Garlic Warm Season Turf Manor** = slightly sensitive 0.33 to 0.5 oz/acre + surfactant Bermuda, centipede**, zoysia, St. Augustine, Ky. bluegrass Corsair** = slightly sensitive 2.76 to 5.33 oz/acre + surfactant Bermuda, centipede**, zoysia**, St. Augustine**, Ky. bluegrass Image 70DG 0.35 to 0.7 lb/acre + surfactant Bermuda, centipede, zoysia before spring greenup

75 Check Centipede Corsair + NIS 4 oz/acre % Applied Nov 2010 Photo Mar 19, 2011