The$Valdaso$$ Agri/environmental$Agreement$/$ Marche$Region$(Italy)$

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1 Valdasoagri/environmentalagreement TheValdaso Agri/environmentalAgreement/ MarcheRegion(Italy) SilviaCoderoni AssociazioneAlessandroBartola DepartmentofEconomicsandSocialSciences UniversitàPolitecnicadelleMarche Thefirstterritorialapproachtoagri0environmentalmeasuresin Italy Confirmsthatbenefitsofcollectiveactionareboth environmentalbenefitsandsocio0economicbenefits AnalysedbyENRD(2012).Factorofsuccess Advice,Training andcommunication;buildingtrust,knowledgeand understanding Outline Background Theagri/environmentalagreementinValdasoarea /Thefeaturesoftheagreement,theactorsinvolved /Theresults Theterritory Valdaso(AsoValley)isavalleyalongside theasoriver,betweenthefermoand AscoliPicenoprovinces,inthesouthof MarcheRegion Thelocalfarmingsystem Smallfarms,highlyspecialisedin fruitproduction(peach).intensive farming,highuseoffertilisersand pesticides>problemsofwater quality,airqualityandsoilfertility Discussion /Keyfactorsofsuccess,limitationsandbarriers /Policyimplications Nuovaagricoltura(i.e.new agriculture) Small(andinformal)associationof localfarmers.mainobjectives: adoptionofmoresustainable practices,developmentoflocal markets 1& 2&

2 Theagri/environmental agreement An(AEA(isdefinedas a)set)of)commitments)for)farmers)in)a)limited) area,)supported)through)a)mix)of)rdp)measures)activated)to)reach) specific)environmental)goals )(RDPMarcheRegion) ValdasoAEA waterquality Period:Five0sevenyears(launchedin2009) Area:>50%toNVZ;>30%oftheUAAwithpermanentcrops Objectives:030%N,P,Kandsubstitutionofagro0chemicalinputs090% Integrateddelivery Measures:214.aIntegrated)Agriculture)(advanced)IPM) )mating) disruption);)214.b)organic)agriculture;)214.c)green)cover) Measure111.b)Training)activities)and)information)actions) Keyfactorsofsuccess(1) Welldefinedfarmingsystem Farmssize,specialisationinfruitproduction,intensiveagriculture Collectiveapproachnecessarytomakethetechniqueof advancedipmeffective Socialcapital Trustandreciprocitydueto:localleadership(ASSAMtechnician), smallgroupofmotivatedfarmers(nuova)agricoltura) Involvementofapublicextensionservice(ASSAM) Effectivecommunicationandinformationregardingthenew farmingpracticesandontheresultsoftheagreement(residues ofpesticidesinfruitssamples),territorialvision,publicinterests Territoriallevel Theresults Participationofalmost100farmers(2012) 560hacultivatedwithIPMtechniques(68%ofthetargetedarea) Extensification(greencover)in270ha Networksandknowledgeeffects Farmlevel Economicresults:costreductionandCAPpayments Collectivemarketingstrategy(QM(label) Pro0activeengagementoffarmers Institutionallevel Capacity0buildingandnetworks DevelopmentofotherAEAs(6forbiodiversityconservationin Natura2000areas) Synergiesbetweeneconomic,socialandenvironmentalbenefits Long0termshiftinginstakeholders thinkingandaction Keyfactorsofsuccess(2) Coordinationandgovernance Localnetwork(involvementofseveralstakeholders) Newapproachtoinnovation,resultingfromtheinvolvementofa broadrangeoflocalstakeholders Policyinnovation Integratedsuitesofmeasures,focusonfarmers attitudesand motivations(i.e.throughtheearlyinvolvementoffarmersinthe policydesignprocess),adoptionofmeasurestargetedtolocal needs 3& 4&

3 Farmlevel Problemsandsolutions Freeriding socialcontrolassolution(itdependsongroupsize) Publicsupport delayofpayments,bureaucracyandadministrative burdenasmajorconcerns Policyimplications(1) Thereisnotone(size(fits(allsolutions!!! Casestudyrelatedtospecificsocial,economicandenvironmentaldimensions But TransferablelessonsfromValdasoAEA Territoriallevel Scalemismatch betweenecologicalandsocial/institutionaldimensions NVZaspartialandunsatisfactorysolution Effectsonpublicgoods unsatisfactorymonitoringandevaluation Institutionallevel Lackofcoordination lackofdevolutiontotheprovincialauthority Highertransactioncostscomparedtomeasurestargetedtoindividualfarms additionalcostswerenotfullycovered Importanceofbottom0upinitiative:collaboratewithlocalexistinggroups/ networks(thecombinationwithvoluntarybasisleadstohighermotivation) +Projectpromoter/facilitator:reliablelocalactorwhobuildsbridgesamong actors Improvingpublic0privatepartnership:advisorysystem,localinstitutions (easiercontrollingfunctions),farmersassociations,privatecompanies Definitionofspecific/territorialenvironmentaltargetsthroughabottom0up approach.flexibility,targeting(nofixedmenuofmeasures)andadequate levelofpayments. Adequateadvisoryandknowledgesystemsforfarmers Integrationwithmarketingopportunities Thedriversoffarmers participation Policyimplications(2)! Individual/economicreasons CAPpayments EffectivenessofIPMmethodsifappliedatterritorial scale Costsreduction(labour,cropprotectionproducts, fuel) Positivehealtheffects Collectivemarketingstrategy! Social/environmentalreasons Reducingwaterandairpollution Increasingthetouristattractivenessofthearea Involvementinalocalnetworkoffarmers:learning opportunitiesandlobbyingpower Virtuouscircle between techniques (MD)and collectiveaction Weaknesses tosomeextentaddressedbyrdp ItalianPartnershipAgreement(Objective6) Approachbased onagri0environmentalagreements Difficulttodaytosayhowthesituationwillevolve. ItalianNationalRuralNetworkhasstartedamonitoringactivity oncollectiveapproaches MarcheRegionwillstartfrompastexperience; Otherregions? 5& 6&

4 Policyimplications(3) Transactioncosts. Provideadditionalfundingfor(higher)transactioncostsand monitoringofresults! cooperation(16) Lackof joint and mutual responsibilityforrespectingthe rules ChangesinactualRDPrules:addressedviacontracts? LackofflexibilityofRDP(e.g.AEAboundaries)anddysfunction ofadministrativetools enlargementofthearea:production andminimumsize:pros(areacovered)&cons(freeriding?) CoherencebetweenthePGandtheterritorialscaleof implementation DesignofAApaymentsisnotalwayscoherentwithpublic goodsprovision! Allcovered?Difficulttosay TRANSACTIONCOSTS ACTORS e.g. Farmers Farmers Project ASSAM Province Region assoc. promoter SEARCHCOSTS Identificationoffunding sources Identificationofrelevant stakeholders Costofgathering information BARGAINING Timespentatmeetings COSTS Effortexpendedinverbal andwritten communications 0Costforacquisitionof externalagencies support MONITORING& Employmentofexternal ENFORCEMENT COSTS monitor Timeandeffortspent monitoringothers informally Source: own elaborations on Davis et al based on Singleton e Taylor, AreAApaymentstheappropriate policytodeliverpublicgoods? Thanks(for(your(attention!( ) SilviaCoderoni s.coderoni@univpm.it! WhatkindofPG? Global/European(e.g.climatestability);local(e.g.soil funcionality).isitpossibletodistinguish? PurePG(policyquestion:optimalprovision,undersupplyor overconsumption)orcommonpoolresources(policyquestion: accessregimes)?! Atwhichconditions? Agriculturalorenvironmentalpolicies? shorttermthinkingofpolicymakersimplementingrdpvslong termpolicyneedforpublicgoodprovision DesignofAApaymentsisnotalwayscoherentwithpublicgoods provision 7& 8&

5 Agriculturalorenvironmentalpolicies? Farm level CAP : challenges Designing (and implementing) policy measures that stimulate a pro-active attitude of farmers, by /Exsternalities+ focusing on their motivations and attitudes on environmental issues (integration with marketing Linkedto Typeoffarming Voluntary Incidental/ unientended +Jointness/ Environmentaldamage (sanction/disincentives) Compliance (StandardC&C) Additional Environmental value (Incentives contracts) Intrinsic environmentalvalue (Payment) Source:Esposti,2011.ConvegnoAgriregionieuropa«Ibenipubblicielariforma dellapac» strategies) Supporting existing collective action (art. 36) but also stimulating collective action Creating local networks, sharing knowledge and innovation (EIP) Institutional level Identifying and supporting intermediary institutions that may promote cooperation (art. 36) Supporting collective approaches to environmental projects (art. 29 and art. 36) Covering transaction costs for collective beneficiaries (art. 29) Enhancing the capacity of local institutions to design innovative policy measures and adopt efficient governance solutions (main limitation: path dependency mechanisms) Territorial cooperation and public goods provision Several factors to be considered: (1) Biophysical characteristics of the territory; (2) Type of public good to be provided (i.e. river basin for water quality); (3) Presence of intermediary institutions and (4) Interests/awareness of local stakeholders There is not one size fits all solutions 19 CAP : opportunities Horizontal regulation Cross compliance: water and pesticides are specifically addressed (Directive 2009/128/EC on sustainable use of pesticides) Valdaso AEA may facilitate the compliance with the new rules First pillar Greening requirements Valdaso AEA complementary to the three greening requirements (small vs large farms; permanent crops vs arable crops) Second pillar General structure: from a logic based on measures to a more flexible and result-oriented approach the success of Valdaso AEA is based on flexibility and targeting European Partnership for Innovation Valdaso AEA as good example of interactive innovation model, based on a combined action of advisors, farmers, organizations, private companies Collaborative and collective approaches: specific support for collective beneficiaries with higher transaction cost payments possible solutions to the main problems of Valdaso AEA Italian Partnership Agreement (Objective 6) Approach based on agri-environmental agreements 18 9& 10&