Cover Cropping Studies at the USDA-ARS in Salinas. Eric B. Brennan Organic Research Program
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1 Cropping Studies at the USDA-ARS in Salinas Eric B. Brennan Organic Research Program
2 Collaborators USDA-ARS Nathan Boyd Organic Farmers Phil Foster Ron Yokota Mike Thorpe John Savage UCCE Richard Smith Michael Cahn Laura Tourte UC Davis Steve Fennimore Howard Ferris Funders Organic Farming Research Foundation CDFA Specialty Crop Research Program
3 Outline 1. Quantifying weed growth and seed production in cover crops. 2. Strategies to minimize weeds in cover crops. 3. Organic systems study. 4. Research needs with cover crops.
4 1. Quantifying weed growth and seed production in cover crops. Brennan, E.B. and Smith, R.F. Winter cover crop growth dynamics and effects on weeds in the Central Coast of California. Weed Technology. (In Press).
5 Mustard Oats ume/oats Mixture
6 Above Ground Dry Biomass (lb/acre) Nettle Biomass Production Under Crops 31 Days after Wet Date (v 29, 1) 57 Days after Wet Date (Dec 19, 1) 77 Days after Wet Date (Jan 8, 2) 121 Days after Wet Date (feb 21, 2) Bars are mean ± 1 standard error for 3 replicates. Mustard Oats ume/oats Mixture
7 Seed Production (Viable Seeds / ft 2 ) Burning Nettle Seed Production Under the Crop by January 9, 2. Bars are mean ± 1 standard error for 3 replicates. Mustard Oats ume/oats Mixture
8 1. Quantifying weed growth and seed production in cover crops. 2. Strategies to minimize weeds in cover crops. Seeding Rate & Planting Arrangement New Mixtures Rotary Hoe
9 Rotary hoeing reduced weed seed production by 8-95%
10 1. Quantifying weed growth and seed production in cover crops. 2. Strategies to minimize weeds in cover crops. 3. Organic systems study. Crop Variety & Seeding Rate Weeds, Soil Quality, Soil Moisture, Economics.
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13 Treatments Treatment Crop Seeding Rate Compost 1 Crop - 2 Crop - 3 ume/ Mix 1x (112kg/ha) 4 ume/ Mix 3x 5 Mustard 1x (11kg/ha) 6 Mustard 3x 7 1x (9kg/ha) 8 3x
14 Treatments Treatment Crop Seeding Rate Compost 1 Crop - 2 Crop - 3 ume/ Mix 1x (112kg/ha) 4 ume/ Mix 3x 5 Mustard 1x (11kg/ha) 6 Mustard 3x 7 1x (9kg/ha) 8 3x
15 Treatments Treatment Crop Seeding Rate Compost 1 Crop - 2 Crop - 3 ume/ Mix 1x (112kg/ha) 4 ume/ Mix 3x 5 Mustard 1x (11kg/ha) 6 Mustard 3x 7 1x (9kg/ha) 8 3x Crop Rotation Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 (3-4) (4-5) (5-6) Oct- Feb April-May June-Sept Oct-Feb April-May June-Sept Oct-Feb Vegetable Vegetable Vegetable Vegetable Crop 1 Crop 1 Crop 2 Crop 2 Crop 3 Crop 4 Crop 3
16 Treatments Treatment Crop Seeding Rate Compost 1 Crop - 2 Crop - 3 ume/ Mix 1x (112kg/ha) 4 ume/ Mix 3x 5 Mustard 1x (11kg/ha) 6 Mustard 3x 7 1x (9kg/ha) 8 3x Crop Rotation Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 (3-4) (4-5) (5-6) Oct- Feb May-June July-Sept Oct-Feb April-May June-Sept Oct-Feb Romaine Spinach Romaine Broccoli Crop 1 Lettuce Crop 2 Lettuce Crop 3
17 24 Size Boxes / Acre M ean ± SE Rom aine Yield 4 (Year 1) Crop Compost Crop Mus Mus
18 24 Size Boxes / Acre M ean ± SE Rom aine Yield 4 (Year 1) 24 Size Boxes/Acre Mean ± SE Crop Crop Compost Mus Mus Rom aine Yield 5 (Year 2) Compost 1x 3x Mus 1x Mus 3x 1x 3x
19 24 Size Boxes / Acre M ean ± SE Rom aine Yield 4 (Year 1) 24 Size Boxes/Acre Mean ± SE Crop Crop Compost Mus Mus Rom aine Yield 5 (Year 2) 14 Bunch Size Boxes/Acre M ean ± SE Compost Crop Com post Crop 1x Mus Mus Broccoli 1x Yield 5 3x (Year 1x2) 3x Mus Mus 3x
20 24 Size Boxes / Acre M ean ± SE Rom aine Yield 4 (Year 1) 24 Size Boxes/Acre Mean ± SE Crop Crop Compost Mus Mus Rom aine Yield 5 (Year 2) 14 Bunch Size Boxes/Acre M ean ± SE Compost Crop Com post Crop 1x Mus Mus Broccoli 1x Yield 5 3x (Year 1x2) 3x Mus Mus 3x
21 24 Size Boxes / Acre M ean ± SE Rom aine Yield 4 (Year 1) 24 Size Boxes/Acre Mean ± SE Crop Crop Compost Mus Mus Rom aine Yield 5 (Year 2) 14 Bunch Size Boxes/Acre M ean ± SE Compost Crop Com post Crop 1x Mus Mus Broccoli 1x Yield 5 3x (Year 1x2) 3x Mus Mus 3x
22 24 Size Boxes / Acre M ean ± SE Rom aine Yield 4 (Year 1) 24 Size Boxes/Acre Mean ± SE Crop Crop Compost Mus Mus Rom aine Yield 5 (Year 2) 14 Bunch Size Boxes/Acre M ean ± SE Compost Crop Com post Crop 1x Mus Mus Broccoli 1x Yield 5 3x (Year 1x2) 3x Mus Mus 3x
23 1. Quantifying weed growth and seed production in cover crops. 2. Strategies to minimize weeds in cover crops. 3. Organic systems study. 4. Research needs with cover crops.
24 Vegetables Love Crops
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