Faba bean production and consumption in Egypt

Transcription

1 Faba bean production consumption Egypt Nassib A.M., Khalil S.A., Husse A.H.A. Cubero J.I. (ed.), Saxena M.C. (ed.). Present status future prospects faba bean production improvement the Mediterranean countries Zaragoza : CIHEAM Options Méditerranéennes : Série A. Sémaires Méditerranéens; n pages Article available on le / Article disponible en ligne à l adresse : To cite this article / Pour citer cet article Nassib A.M., Khalil S.A., Husse A.H.A. Faba bean production consumption Egypt. In : Cubero J.I. (ed.), Saxena M.C. (ed.). Present status future prospects faba bean production improvement the Mediterranean countries. Zaragoza : CIHEAM, p (Options Méditerranéennes : Série A. Sémaires Méditerranéens; n. 10)

2 ~ ~ ~~ Fababeanproductionconsumption Egypt A.M.NASSIB* S.A.KHALIL** A.H.A. HUSSEIN** *AGRICULTURAL RESEP rrch CENTER (ARC) GIZA.EGYPT **ARC, LEGUMES RESEARCH SECTION FIELD CROPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE BOX 12619, GIZA, EGYPT - Faba bean is one the most Egypt, beg cultivated the the deep South. An active has been out achieve self-sufficiency faba bean by solvg techniques, yield stability, diseases (chocolate spot, Special emphasis has been placed on aimg efficient methods on tillage. Even though solutions have been found, stable yieldg with multiple pests diseases. - La production et consommation de fève en La fève est l un des légumes secs d hiver les plus importants et1 su culture s étendant depuis le jusqu à la limite du pays. Des recherches actives ont été menées dans but d au-suffisance en cherchant à résoudre les problèmes posés par les nouvelles techuiques agronomiques, l stabilité des rendements, les maladies fabae, rouille), et la résistance aux mauvaises herbes parasites sisns plus spécialement sur les essais au niveau des exploitations, ayant pour but la disfusion de méthodes plus eficaces pour l épage d engrais, les travaux du sol et le contrôle des mauvaises herbes et Bien que de nombreux projets de recherche aient apporté des solutions satisfaisantes plusieurs problèmes, une approche pluridisciplaire est encore nécessaire af d obtenir des cultivars plus stables possédant une résistance multiple aux sectes ravageurs et aux maladies. Introduction Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is one the ma pulse seed Egypt. its high value, it is the diet seeds was estimated at 5.9 between The fe by chopped faba bean is fed sheep cattle. The content was estimated at % The cultivated the last five ( ) was 120,865 ha with an yield 2.52 t/ha. Total substantially between (Fig. l), due the The national self sufficiency by 28%between (Table 1). capita consumption faba bean between The ma seems be availability faba bean (Watson, 1981). Faba bean imspped sce The role faba bean farmg systems Faba bean is followg the i.e., maize, soybean cotn. starts plots Egypt (Qena Aswan gov.) faba bean betspaced at cm. tition is low sce the vegetative legumes cocides with the slow planted faba bean yields close the solid planted ones. Options - - n.o : l

3 ~ 340 Table 1. Nationalpercapitaconsumption,imports self-suficiency rate dry faba beans / / / / /87 l National consumptiol (O00 t) capita consumption (O00 t) O 87 - O - - O Fig. 1. Faba bean cultivated Faba bean cotn, soybean maize save the cost l by plantg faba bean on flat soil followg on cotn, soybean maize. Little no ected, on tillage on Research activities Though much has been achieved yield imp faba bean at the national level, is yet needed stable less sensitive mental changes. the field developg disease ant was chocolate spot et al., 1984). was some disease high yieldg les on genotype X Orobanche packages developed, onet al., levels found Giza 402 should be by with mechanisms comb- l g them with that existg Giza 402. New chemicals Orobamhe should be developed tested. Some aphids was detected field techniques evaluation methods both is needed so as maximize àssociation between the This is an effective aphids. faba uction costs should be by vestigatg a muleffects tillage systems. Semi-mechanization as plantg, should be developed faba bean This, the development help small the efficiency use limited The magnitude faba calls lopment quality faba bean. On-farm research Justification An about40% the yieldha the was maly due wide application the potential yield estimated at 4.8 tha actual yield at 2.6 tha 2), it a yield gap 2.2 t/ha biological socio- eco- Thus, a study at the level

4 I l t Yield gap due biological I I 4 bean. With a low yield about 1.7 t/ha, only 3% the tal faba bean Egypt, but the Zone accountg 20% tal faba bean The dealt with the followg ion population, level N tillage fungicide application the weed (Orobanche) by plantg G glyphosate (Nassib et al., 1983). Some results Actual Fig. 2. Yield gap between potential actual faba bean Egypt yield identify this gap available technologies developed at stations but conditions was felt such technologies On farm trials for testg agronomic packages assess the yield gap the methodology by et al. the by implementg own plots allotted them. The study was then moved implement the level test This study was out - Egypt) which have about 30,000 9,192 ha the tal faba bean. With a yield about t/ha, Fayoum account tal faba the - El-Sheikh which has about 3,800 ha the tal faba Plant population application N P fertilizer showed that the plant population (33 plant/m2) (35.7 kg N/ha) (71.4 kg the the levels; the yield c ween but also with each Weed control (2.5 kg a.i./ha) as a be effective all the Diathane M45 application for control foliar diseases times two-weeks late spot disease Tillage practices at the 250 g/loo 1 at about seed yield. dicated that the no-tillage (i.e. cotn, com soybeans Fayoum El affect seed yield weed population. Thus, avoid late plantg, the unavailability save costs

5 Table 2. Effect Orobanche control package on faba bean seed straw yield parasite fection the goveraorate durg the seasons. G2 G402 G402 population level Test level Test level Glyphosate NO Twice NO Seed 2.86a 3.40 Yield (t/ha) Orobanche spikesjm2 No. (log) O3.O (log) six sites Table 3. Average seed straw yield gas, variable cost net benefit. seed yield t/ha Ga due package t/ha % yield t/ha Ga due package t/ha % Test LE cost Net benefit LE Test Test LE Fayoum plots seasons ( ) plots Fayoum (1988 season) Orobanche control showed that the ety 'Giza 402' planted at test level plant population Orobnllcke is a se&-~us With Glyphosate uces yield heavily fested soils can cause tal seed yield level 2.86 t t/ha (i.e. 53.5% loss. 'Giza 402' has be t/ha (i.e. 48.1% this when tested widely on on the 82.6% Orobanfields (Nassib et al., 1985). addition, che weight/m2wasalso (Table 2). Glyphosate twice (at a 64 g a.i./ha) at itiation l days Orobanche population fested field

6 Research - extension lkage the Nile Valley testg some test be gap between potential actual yields, cluded tillage systems, plant population, elements, weed, Orobumdie These ecologically distct bean Socio- economic faba evaluation the 1983). packages cludg seed weed, Orobanche aphid implemented by plots teams extension staff (Table 3). on dissemation attitude dations estimated. The subject specialists the Nile Valley ject volved extension staff visit with the the These staff as extendg mended package village contact dissemated the village uction. the whole National extension staff meetgs dissemation bullets is lkages References (1978): A hbook on the methodology on yield Los Asian an IRRI, Los l :25. Egypt. high yields on disease W.F. (1984): some chocolate spot faba Systems Cygenetic Analysis S.A., eds.). Nijhf Junk The The Faba the Nile on the phase the Nile Valley (Saxena, eds.). the Nile (1987): package pilot the 12th Statistics, Science, Social A Shamns Egypt, Faba the Nile on the the Nile Valley (Saxena, Nijhf Nile Valley the Economic Egypt. A study