Intensive milk production systems ant their problems

Transcription

1 Intensive milk producti systems ant ir problems Kerva F. Tser J.-L. (ed.). Le lait dans la régi méditerranéenne Par : CIHEAM Optis Méditerranéennes : Série A. Sémaires Méditerranéens; n pages Article available le / Article dpible en ligne à l adresse : To cite th article / Pour citer cet article Kerva F. Intensive milk producti systems ant ir problems. In : Tser J.-L. (ed.). Le lait dans la régi méditerranéenne. Par : CIHEAM, p (Optis Méditerranéennes : Série A. Sémaires Méditerranéens; n. 6)

2 CIHEAM - Optis Mediterraneennes F. KERVINA BIOTECHNICAL FACULTY, UNIVERSITY LJUBLJANA, (YUGOSLAVIA) - producti Yugoslavia ensured by 2.9 milli cows, 97% privately owned farm, generally small herds less than 5 cows, that do not have means update facilities. big government farms are highly mechanized ir evoluti pemlits study ma problem tensive producti, stablg, feedg system, dposal excreta, especially milkg system. Th last pot essential. result animal-man-mache teracti. milkirtg mache parlour have underge many technological improvements, but man plays always most important role for milkg qualig. Th even more so cows producti arzd importance herd crease. words: producti systems, stablg feedg system, digesti, milkg, cattle. - <<Systèmes tensi& de et La de lait en 2,9 millis de vaches, 97% étant dans des en petits de mos de 5 vaches qui ne dposent pas de moyens exploitatis. Les exploitatis d'état st évoluti posés la tensive, stabulati, système d'alimentati, évacuati des déjectis et système de l Ce et la salle de pot est fdamental. La t bénéficié de est le de l'animal, l'homme et la mache. La mache de technologiques, ma l'homme joue un la qualité de la Cela est d'autant plus que la de vaches et du augmentent. l systèmes tensifs de stabulati, système d'alimentati, bovs., Yugoslavia has 23 mio habitants hot hot mild producti Yugoslavia stage development 15 cows due limited l less specialized milk milk. milk which leads difficulties mostly milk law, sce 1970 all milk below 10 C. Thcould be milk quality, if hygienic cditis same level applyg coolg as quality, leads change has 2.9 mio cows cow, 97% all cows some 3% but expg. tensive lipolitic changes, Private producers 5). size a cowsheds, cditis thouss cows small es due housgsystems,feedg,milkg, hlg especially quality - - n.o : Serie A: Semaires mediterraneens

3 CIHEAM - Optis Mediterraneennes without doubt, many advantages size cditis becomg cows kept same cowshed, cows looked milk should be ecomic8lly. such tensive systems many ways man, cow milk/new design cditis, etc., but at same time With e loss cows man employed Th key all What good we have 100 man 80 if dividual cows lost, followed by mastit faly loss milk. We animal sociological with efficiency man, limits beyd which cows do not -milk man can could be but same mtakes can be ly not at all. Technological solutis. Technological solutis by no means small es. 50, cows many cows Too many still made such de all details which such units can dable any, even best possible management, efficiently. ideas, technology e leads tp expensive paid mtakes. tensive specialized milk it susceptible dependent up situati. size but no 40 with 400 both unable at all kd Loss milk if that happens it could be as have compete with can ly get tendency now not ly but aumati all levels. o technology high yieldg cows, but a couple ended level was adequate given technology. Problems tensive milk producti systems we beef, sheep analysg m pot view chosen housg system, feedg, milkg, hlg, cow man Housg system cditis questi. be as it tyg-up milkg milkg To loosen cows causes cfusi Th why such cases pipe le milkg system shed was applied mechanized beddg was used/, e systems liquid hlg cases without beddg. spite but th system has many, cowsheds with cubicles, with de any kd milkg sizes, we , ,000-1,200 cows be fluential. Feedg system feedgsystem. size should not exceed cows. walkg dtances becomg o both, cows madwomen, havg side effects as well, which fluencg management e cowshed, Serie A: Semaires mediterraneens

4 CIHEAM - Optis Mediterraneennes devided cows each. that as th high side. difficulties cow efficient cows. Loosg dividual cows, COWS, feed cows shed. Nowadays moved out mounted about cows same. size but same. Special attenti payed milkg soluti well functig Manure became size kd On e h it it it costs can be quantities liquide expensive still does not liquide phase. attenti with dense populati. Milkg systems ma special attenti. all all kd puts same as feedg. o ten neglected with all can choice milkg mache, not a even best es most ' should be given p light milkg less mtakes management side. man mache by many changes, especially tensive animal as well as milkg mache side. milk close 5, some exceedg 6, Yet even milk less than 2, have be taken account, when any deci about milkg milkg systems taken. has 2, milk 6,000 8,000 l. milk cow. aimg at hightechnicallevel, maches have been developed systems, with high efficiency 200 even same applies sheep milkg; systems 600 up 300 systems becomg e h h matenance hopelessly complicated case skill man usg m quality two elements deci about ten difficul mata, Often do not th if y not latest soluti most sophticated equipment, y feel that y cow milkgmache milkg cows, maches milk. Although we know h less known h actual milk When mentig it look at pot view cow,. mache milk. When with stimulati, who thkg load how be de pot cows phiology milk hygiene. same When milkg unit falls f, be milk hygiene many additial movements how much th given but not people engaged especially not When dealg with load two kd be dtguhed - he h cows/, - volved cases be h milkg, but man No if we know that Serie A: Semaires mediterraneens

5 CIHEAM - Optis Mediterraneennes milk up 200 squeezes teats/ needed. With yields sizes, especially 15 cows twice a day m as well. Th may be low efficiency, but h milkg that we know cases, beg job 100% valides, not beg able 25 cows. milkg soluti it opi that mache milkg facilitates makes it not but case same all benefits which mentied above. case situati completely day ly but it has i.e. cows man. milk 40-60, than 100 cows tied-up system cows a milkg an questi if milkg mache such cases facilitates how man fact, that that spite a high unemployment it still difficult can th ly be not adequate payment as mentied so many times? load mache milkg plants, e made by & (1942). made cows, with study (1972). did se studies.that mache load, not can be estimated as lightly lea Flets. se statements situati To get an actual load motis studies cows each units, 300 cows/, - with X units, 400 cows 300 cows, - 1 with loose housg system/polyge 4 X 5/20 units, 180 cows/. movements taken. newly made 39 & timehncludg steps not ly extg, but man cows /usually 40-60/ as y tied-up, he m. managements pot view th system cditis justified, but it a questi if it view. A statement has be made about 90% vestigatedcases y ten man. bucket 5 cows (8 <<man,, milkg 40 made squats bends, which means day. bendg than squattg, as be can affect spe. Even makg sometimes odd movements. y spent 58% tal milkg time squats bends m./ out which that th system milkg m complaed about heavy pas legs who had have difficulties fall asleep, spite due hs, legs back. housg was not cleang hs, time. What payg attenti that all that h milkg was less Serie A: Semaires mediterraneens

6 CIHEAM - Optis Mediterraneennes h y milked 16 cows, now y had milk 40 m. compensated what milkg mache supposed give. vestigatis tied-up system /pipe le/, but some pas hs, especially management was adequatehot sufficient beddg etc/. All system management load exposg m less pas backs legs, which could be expected, although adequate especially effect hs, neck due so he has hs at same time hold h head back as he comes may difficult attachment up 11,740 o many an any kd etc/. wet, ten bad as well as milkg cows. y physical psychological load e ma milk a.m a.m. up at lowest pot at secd low pot physiological When y had fhed both m exhausted. systems load expected. deman'dsefficiency that milkg maches job some vestigatis social cditis, fd optimal efficiency stallatis may what was hlg/ many activities. y if not taken, collis 365 late eveng,any as y will make an not e day gets day by day at beg unvible but signs Good planng good management a be taken Serie A: Semaires mediterraneens