A PERSPECTIVE OF GLOBAL WARMING IMPACT ON AQUACULTURE FOOD PRODUCTION IN MALAYSIA

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1 A PERSPECTIVE OF GLOBAL WARMING IMPACT ON AQUACULTURE FOOD PRODUCTION IN MALAYSIA *Mohd Fariduddin Othman and Hussin Ali *Fisheries Research Institute (FRI), Department of Fisheries Malaysia, Wisma Tani, Presint 4, Federal Government Administrative Centre, 62628, Putrajaya Malaysia

2 Aquaculture Is an activity to produce aquatic organism in water media. The activity involves breeding (hatchery), nursery and grow out To sustain the activity must have good water quality (physico-chemistry and biology) Why Aquaculture? Increase in food requirement Decrease or limiting of wild catch Seasonal pattern of fish To support processing industry LIVE fish food market demand

3 SEGMENTS OF AQUACULTURE 1. FOOD FISH PRODUCTION 2. HOBBY AND ORNAMENTAL 3. PHARMACEUTICS 4. JEWELLERY

4 Role of Aquaculture Food Production A. Global food (Fish) requirement (Million tonnes) UTILIZATION Human consumption Non-food uses Population (billions) Per capita food fish supply (kg) B. Declining in wild landing (Million tonnes) TOTAL CAPTURE TOTAL AQUACULTURE TOTAL WORLD FISHERIES

5 Trend In Aquaculture Food Production World Scenario (Million tonnes) TOTAL CAPTURE TOTAL AQUACULTURE TOTAL WORLD FISHERIES In Malaysia

6 Top Ten Aquaculture Producers Producer APR (Tonnes) (Percentage) Top ten producers in terms of quantity, 2004 China India Viet Nam Thailand Indonesia Bangladesh Japan Chile Norway United States of America TOP TEN SUBTOTAL REST OF THE WORLD Total Top ten producers in terms of growth, Myanmar Viet Nam Turkey Netherlands Republic of Korea Iran (Islamic rep. of) Egypt Chile Thailand United States of America

7 Top Ten Species Groups In Aquaculture Food Production Species group APR (Tonnes) (Percentage) Top ten species groups in terms of aquaculture production, 2004 Carps and other cyprinids Oysters Clams, cockles, arkshells Miscellaneous freshwater fishes Shrimps, prawns Salmons, trouts, smelts Mussels Tilapias and other cichlids Scallops, pectens Miscellaneous marine molluscs

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9 Traditional Role - support Fish Consumption Pattern Fish is an importance daily diet of Malaysian. Consumption and expenditure is major Locals put more preference on marine than freshwater fish Self sufficiency is increasing hence need to sustain With the declining in fish landing AQUACULTURE will play the role to supply the requirement Table : Per capita consumption of fish Year Kg/ind % Fig. Expenditure on fish to food budget Food Fish Table : Self sufficiency level (SSL) - projection Year % ssl %

10 NATIONAL AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT PLAN Highlighted after world food crisis 1997 Government revamp the National Agricultural Policy 2, NAP2 to NAP3 and emphasize food production to a. safeguard food security and b. economic benefit (BOT). Within, the potential and importance of fisheries as food security commodity and potential foreign exchange earning was highlighted and given a significant task - to balance out food import bill (BOT) which was long time indicated a deficit. Commodity Exports (RM million) Imports (RM million) BOT (RM million) Livestocks Fish products Agricultural Others Total

11 THE ROLE OF AQUACULTURE UNDER NAP3 NAP3 9MP : A Revamp In Fish Production The increase in fish production and contribution was set to be from AQUACULTURE which is currently is not fully utilized. Challenge Ahead In Aquaculture Under NAP3 The harvest was set at 508,000 mt to be achieved by Priority commodities consisted of : Commodity Production (mt) (RM ' Mill.) F.water fish /prawn 137, Marine shrimp 150,000 4,500 Marine finfish 85, Bivalves 135, TOTAL 508,000 6,325

12 STATUS OF AQUACULTURE PRODUCTION SYSTEM (2008) Contribution (%) cockle Fresh brackish ex -minig brackish mussel fresh oy ster seaw eed w ater w ater pool w ater w ater pond pond cage cage

13 NATIONAL STRATEGIES ON AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT

14 Development of ZIA and HIP (New Facilities) Subject Shrimp Grouper S. bass Snapper Mussel S/ weed pond cage cage cage raft ropes Area (Ha) 5, Volume (mt) 52,923 92, , , ,216 RM billions Subject Tilapia Patin Keli Arowana Discus Goldfish cage cage tank aquarium aquarium aquarium Area (Ha) Volume (mt) 699,179 1,098, , ,720 RM millions

15 Objectives on the development of AIZ and HIP Item Objective Description 1. Contribution to GDP Increase the output of fishes and raw material used in processing of fish products. 2. Balance of Trade, BOT Increasing the exports of fishes and high value fish products; and reducing the import of low-value fish for consumption and raw material used in processing of fish products 3. Private sector involvement Increasing investments from both local and foreign companies. 4. Increasing the income of aquaculture farmers and entrepreneurs Increasing the aquaculture farmers / entrepreneurs income to a minimum of RM3000 per month at the same time creating a new business opportunities and employments. 5. Innovation and technology capability Introducing a new technologies suited for aquaculture industry. 6. Enhancing the value chain Establishing new hatcheries, livestock field, farm food factory, processing factory and effective marketing systems to support the value chain of aquaculture industry. 7. Efficient aquaculture development The certification of farm in accordance with SPLAM / SAAB

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17 MALAYSIA AQUACULTURE PRODUCTION REVIEW ( ) 1. Overall, there is a trend of increase. 2. But the increase is only slight (compare to targeted volume) 3. The increase seem to be linked to increase in area of culture or high density of production operation. Commodity F.Water Fish/Prawn Production (mt) 137,000 MARINE SHRIMP 150,000 Marine Finfish 85,000 Bivalves 135,000 TOTAL 508, Disease were recorded to be main hindering factor of late even in traditional low density operation.

18 THREAD / CONSTRAINS IN DEVELOPMENT.. 1. Disease & Sustainability 2. Environmental problems 3. Increase in cost of production and Global competitiveness 4. Technology in production approach (Of particular in Fish Production) Traditional/small scale, multi species, live market dependent 5. Climate Change Impact?

19 1. Malaysia is divided into two main lands, West and East and is maritime. 2. Normally observed climate of uniform temperature, high humidity and copious rainfalls. 3. The wind blow light and variable with uniform periodic changes, brought in four distinguished wind patterns -, the southwest monsoon, northeast monsoon and two shorter period of inter monsoon seasons. 4. Tropical storm which is usual occurrence in the south China sea also influence its climatology. 5. The past climate was influenced by the events of El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO), time scale based oscillation of the Indian Ocean Dipoles (IOD) and the intra seasonal Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO). 6. Overall Malaysia seldom observed serious climate phenomenon (storm, strong waves or long drought) but an increase in surface temperature and rain falls pattern.

20 1. Overall the country is experiencing increase in surface temperature since the last four decades - pattern of increasing is consistent and significant. 2. The rise were between C /decade 3. The event of El- Nino observed higher temperature.

21 CLIMATE CHANGE RISK TO LOCAL AQUACULTURE Manipulation of Traditional Aquaculture Ground POSSIBLE IMPACT! 1.Water Ecology 2.Species adaptation / migration 3.Carrying capacity 4.Stress adaptation and disease vulnerability 5.Lost of traditional ground

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23 THE PLAN OF ACTION

24 THE PLAN OF ACTION Objective 1. Establishment of a comprehensive meteorology database Strategy 1. Establish National Fisheries Climate Change Centre (NFCCC). Activities 1. Acquire/compile/collate/analyze data and information 2. Information dissemination 3. Acquire database server Strategy 2. Acquire aquaculture / meteorology data Activities 1. Compile data on aquaculture activities and meteorology for areas under aquaculture 2. Develop data management that can be accessed by stakeholders. 3. Dissemination of information to target groups and stakeholders Strategy 3. Develop Temporal and Spatial Data Activities 1. Develop temporal & spatial database. 2. Provide real-time data for monitoring. 3. Information dissemination to stakeholders. Strategy 4. Develop aquaculture meteorological stations network Activities 1. Weather monitoring stations 2. Agencies-stakeholders national link 3. System maintenance

25 THE PLAN OF ACTION Objective 2. Ensuring Food security for the nation Strategy 1. Increase national fish production Activities 1. Update supporting climatic data to enhance aquaculture production 2. Reduce risk of failure to investor and operators 3. Provide conducive environment 4. Increase new production area with better coordination and bio-security approach 5. Introduce species and strain able to withstand climate impact Strategy 2. Research and monitoring on disease patterns Activities 1. Research on the impact of climate change on fish health (including the incidence from parasites, bacteria and protozoa). 2. Develop adaptive strategies against fish diseases, which may increase due to climate change. 3. Invest in preventive and curative measure and upgrading facilities

26 THE PLAN OF ACTION Objective 3. Engage and Improve On Research and Knowledge Management In Climate Change Impact Strategy 1. Appropriate culture systems Activities 1. Develop land-based culture systems (eg. RAS) for freshwater and marine fish. 2. Develop cage culture technology. 3. Rehabilitation of mangroves along coastal lines to serve as buffer zones. 4. Encourage innovations and creativity on culture systems Strategy 2. Domestication programme Activities 1. Indentify and prioritize species of commercial importance. 2. Domesticate by further growing fish from marketable size to maturity in indoor facilities. 3. Development of maturation diets. Strategy 3. Develop new fish strains Activities 1. Develop freshwater and marine fish strains that can specifically adapt to different culture environments / systems. Strategy 4. Early warning systems Activities 1. Establish network stations within AIZ for analysis of meteorological data. 2. Micro-climate studies 3. Development of an early warning system.

27 Objective 3. Engage and Improve On Research and Knowledge Management In Climate Change Impact Strategy 5. Climate change modelling Activities 1. Simulation and prediction 2. Development of models on impacts on aquaculture. Strategy 6. Monitor impacts on pond ecosystems Activities 1. Inventorization of physico-chemical & biology (plankton & benthic communities) in culture ponds. 2. Study impacts of climate change on pond ecosystem and aquaculture production. Strategy 7. Outsourcing technology Activities 1. Acquire fish strains or research on genetic selection of species to adapt to changes of temperature and salinity. 2. Develop in-door RAS production systems. 3. Develop cage culture technology which resist/adapt climate change. Strategy 8. To increase institutional and human capacity on research and knowledge management related to climate change, and to train sector professionals Activities 1. Establish a centre and/or network for research on climate change and climate change impacts and their management 2. Develop training programmes for high and mid-level officials of the Government, NGOs and private organisations/ associations and provide training in collaboration with research centres and universities.

28 Objective 4. Capacity building and institutional strengthening Strategy 1. Increase number of personnel and expertise on climate change. Activities 1. Provide continous training 2. International collaborations Strategy 2. Establish NFCCC 3. Participate in seminars, conferences, etc. Activities 1. Acquisition of high-tech facilities. 2. Increase number of trained & skilled manpower Strategy 3. To integrate climate change issues into development policy and action. Activities 1. Draft a consultation paper on the National Climate Change policy, the integration of climate change issues into development planning and sectoral policies and how they should be formulated for discussion with key stakeholders. 2. Incorporate climate change concerns in all sectoral policies and strategies through appropriate revisions in consultation with relevant stakeholders. 3. Publish the National Climate Change Policy. Strategy 4. Development of adequate human capacity to effectively manage climate resilient development programmes and to take part in international negotiations Activities 1. Enhance the capacity of Government staff for policy, programme and project formulation, and implementation, through training and in other ways. 2. Enhance capacity of key staff of Government, private sector organisations and NGOs on accessing international and national carbon and climate change Funds 3. Enhance the human resource capacity within and outside government for Climate Change negotiations Strategy 5. Develop strong organisations to effectively respond to climate change Activities 1. Setting up of mechanisms for inter-ministerial and inter-institutional coordination at various levels of the agencies. 2. Government, and for managing new adaptation and planned mitigation funds Organisational reform and strengthening of key 3. Government and others agencies

29 THE PLAN OF ACTION Objective 5 : Prepare A Comprehensive Disaster Management Mechanism Strategy 1. Improvement of the existing flood forecasting and early warning systems by increasing lead times and strengthening dissemination mechanisms. Activities 1. Review of the hydro-meteorological data network and the setting up of telemetric stations. 2. Improvement in dissemination of warnings by combining river stage and DEM information, and making 10 day forecasts. 3. Awareness building programmes at community level on warnings produced. Strategy 2. Community based disaster prepareness and improved resilience. Activity 1. Awareness raising programmes among local communities about impacts of Climate Change.

30 THE PLAN OF ACTION Objective 6 Engage Infrastructure Development Related to Climate Change Impact Strategy 1. Plan and implement an investment programme to ensure that the coastal area, including all islands, adapts to raining season and storm. Activities 1. Analysis of meteorological data to improve predictions of changes in the pattern of storm events 2. Analysis of meteorological data to improve predictions of changes in the pattern of storm events Strategy 2. Put in place effective river training works to control river bank erosion Activity 1. Plan and develop coastal green belts as a measure against storm.

31 THE PLAN OF ACTION Objective 7 Provide Sufficient and Efficient Awareness Programme Strategy 1. Aims to provide a comprehensive service for school. Activities 1. Organize some activities that their topics related to climate change for (e.g., poems contest, debates, writing an essay, speech, and lecture ). 2. Establish climate change as one of the component subject teaching at schools and institutions. 3. Website has created on purposely to encouraged students sharing their creativity. Strategy 2. To give knowledge to public about climate change. Raising public awareness Activities across the country by main-streaming climate change issues in the print and electronic media. 1. Organize a big exhibition on behalf of open end awareness campaign 2. Capacity Building and Training print and electronic journalists 3. Exposure visits to climate change hot spots across the country and tracking global negotiations

32 1. Aquaculture in Malaysia is currently ( ) being given special emphasize to enhance fish production for food security and foreign exchange earning. 2. Besides traditional risk factors, Global Warming Impact and Climate Change phenomenon is already being felt in aquaculture activities at local scenario however not yet supported by research finding. 3. A Task Force lead by DoF was formed recently and already came with POA draft for submission to National Level Action. 4. Overall, Aquaculture in Malaysia will experience minimal impact compare to other bigger producer in the region THUS take it as an OPPURTUNITY to capture the market. 5. To increase production, Technology and Financial Support (R&D) have to be a priority.

33 WE WOULD LIKE TO THANK THE ORGANISER FOR INVITING US TO THIS EVENT THANK YOU