Courgette Herbicide Screen

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1 Outdoor Cucurbits Growers Association, Aug 17 Courgette Herbicide Screen Angela Huckle, RSK ADAS

2 Current approvals and gaps in weed control 2017 trial update Future trials

3 Herbicide approvals for courgette Aug 2017 Active Ingredient carfentrazoneethyl Conc. % active Trade Products Harvest Interval Days Maximum application rate (ha) Maximum number of uses or total dose (ha) Comments 6.00% Shark none stated before planting or production Approval Origin EAMU Clomazone 36.00% 36.00% diquat 20.00% 20.00% glyphosate 36.00% 36.00% 72.00% Cleancrop Covert Gamit 36 CS Retro Quit Asteroid Roundup Biactive Roundup Powermax See latest time of application in comments none stated none stated max Total 0.25 max Total max Total max Total BBCH 12 BBCH 12 pre-emergence inter-row application before planting or production isoxaben 50.00% Flexidor max Total Latest time of application at 3 true leaf stage propyzamide 40.00% Kerb Flo 42 days Latest time of application before 3 true leaf stage EAMU EAMU UK label EAMU EAMU EAMU EAMU EAMU Very few specific approvals all EAMUs

4 Gaps in weed control Weaknesses residual treatments Polyganums, black bindweed, black nightshade, sowthistle and nettle Alternatives to Kerb for grasses Only one product for grass weed control Propyzamide Grow beside and through mulch More effective inter-row applications

5 Experimental treatments Chosen in discussion with AHDB and Agchems Approvals in EU IR4 Fill gaps in control Safe to crop? New for 2017 AHDB9986 (Pre-plant) AHDB9995 (Pre-plant) AHDB9985 (Post-planting) From Cathy s SCEPTRE trial Bonalan (benfluralin) Metobromuron Wing-P (pre-plant and interrow) Stomp Aqua (pre-plant and inter-row) AHDB9987 (post-planting)

6 Trial site and design W. Sussex Silty clay loam 4 replicates 21 treatments 2 rows per plot 8m long plots 2 untreated controls Standards Kerb 1 L/ha, Flexidor 0.5 L/ha + Gamit 36 CS 0.25 L/ha Flexidor 0.5 L/ha + Gamit 36 CS 0.25 L/ha Applied post-planting over crop Planted on 5 July - cv. Cronos No plastic mulch Hoeing used in inter-row plots to simulate weed control from mulch

7 Weather/rainfall through trial First six days hot and dry Irrigated with 10 mm twice then Intermittent torrential downpours!! Rainfall data provided by Barfoots from the weather station in the adjacent field Date Rainfall events > 20 ml 11 July July July July July July July July July 15 2 August August 55

8 pplication timings and conditions Pre-planting Incorporated Non-incorporated C, sunny and dry, 50% cloud, 11mph wind (used spray guard to minimise drift), soil moist subsurface Post-planting (24 hrs) Over the crop and inter-row C, sunny and dry, 5% cloud, 4mph wind, soil moist surface and sub-surface Post-planting at flowering (4 weeks) Inter-row Shark AHDB C, sunny and dry, 50% cloud, 11mph wind (used spray guard to minimise drift), soil moist subsurface

9 Assessments Crop safety (phytotoxicity) 7 days 2, 4 and 6 weeks (preharvest) Weed % cover 2, 4 and 6 weeks (preharvest) Weed species recorded Yield (Barfoots) Categorised by diameter, length, total weight

10 Crop safety at 6 weeks (flowering) Not safe (below threshold) Close to threshold Safe (above threshold) Bonalan 8.0 L/ha (incorporated) fb Flexidor 0.5 L/ha + Gamit 0.25 L/ha Stomp Aqua 2.3 L/ha pre-planting fb Gamit 36 CS 0.25 L/ha Stomp Aqua 2.3 L/ha + Gamit 36 CS + metobromuron (pre-planting) AHDB9986 (incorporated) Wing-P 2.0 L/ha pre-planting fb AHDB9987 AHDB Flexidor 0.5 L/ha AHDB Flexidor 0.5 L/ha + Gamit 36 CS 0.25 L/ha AHDB Flexidor 0.5 L/ha AHDB Flexidor 0.5 L/ha + Gamit 36 CS Flexidor 0.5 L/ha + Gamit 36 CS 0.25 L/ha fb Shark 0.33 L/ha Bonalan 8.0 L/ha (incorporated) fb Gamit 36 CS 0.25 L/ha Wing-P 2.0 L/ha pre-planting fb Gamit 36 CS 0.25 L/ha Kerb 1 L/ha + Flexidor 0.5 L/ha+ Gamit 36 CS 0.25 L/ha Flexidor 0.5 L/ha + Gamit 36 CS 0.25 L/ha AHDB Gamit 36 CS 0.25 L/ha AHDB9995 (full and half rate) Inter-row Wing-P 2.0 L/ha fb Gamit 36 CS 0.25 L/ha Inter-row Stomp Aqua 2.3 L/ha fb Gamit 36 CS 0.25 L/ha AHDB9985 post-planting (flowering) Fb = followed by Note: crop safety in table is based on this 1 set of trial results

11 Crop effects L-R Unacceptable Close to threshold Above threshold (safe)

12 Untreated plots the weed competition/challenge Main weed spectrum A little Fat hen Chickweed Barnyard grass Fumitory Shepherd s purse Redshank Mayweed Groundsel Sowthistle Black nightshade 85% cover on average per plot at 6 weeks after planting

13 tandards applied over the row 7 weeks post application (Left) Kerb 1 L/ha + Flexidor 0.5 L/ha + Gamit 36 CS 0.25 L/ha (Right) Flexidor 0.5 L/ha + Gamit 36 CS 0.25 L/ha Addition of Kerb checked growth

14 Bonalan 8.0 L/ha fb Gamit 36 CS 0.25 L/ha Bonalan Gamit Applied pre-planting then incorporated to 12cm (5 ) Applied post-planting over transplants Weed spectrum Annual meadow grass (AMG), black bindweed, chickweed, small nettle, fat hen, field pansy, polyganums, and speedwells. Gamit adds groundsel Tested in SCEPTRE Gamit was applied pre-plant Crop safe in SCEPTRE Appears crop safe again (any plant loss probably due to soft seedbed after rotavator

15 AHDB9995 Pre-planting Full rate Half rate Approved in salad crops and alliums Weed spectrum AMG, black-bindweed, black-grass, chickweed, common hemp-nettle, common poppy, field penny-cress, knotgrass, pale persicaria, small nettle, speedwells, wild oat Weakness: composites Crop-safe (1 trial!) Needs a tank-mix partner Gamit? Scope for further work

16 Wing-P 2.0 L/ha fb Gamit 36 CS 0.25 L/ha Wing-P Gamit Applied pre-planting Applied post-planting over transplants Weed spectrum Wing-P (wide spectrum) - AMG, black-bindweed, black nightshade, charlock, chickweed, orache, corn marigold, fat hen, hemp-nettle, dead nettle, polyganums, scarlet pimpernel, mayweeds, shepherd s purse, speedwells, volunteer OSR Gamit adds groundsel Tested in SCEPTRE Without Gamit Checked crop in SCEPTRE, but recovered Approx week behind UT in SceptrePlus

17 Wing-P 2.0 L/ha + Gamit 36 CS 0.25 L/ha (inter-row) Wing-P and Gamit Applied post-planting as shielded interrow application Safer than pre-plant At flowering at 6 weeks compared to just bud for pre-plant applied Wing-P Less variable EAMU for inter-row Wing-P applied for

18 Stomp Aqua 2.3 L/ha + Gamit 36 CS 0.25 L/ha (inter-row) Stomp Aqua and Gamit Applied post-planting as shielded interrow application Weed spectrum Stomp Aqua - AMG, chickweed, orache, corn marigold, fat hen, hemp-nettle, dead nettle, polyganums, scarlet pimpernel, shepherd s purse, small nettle, sowthistle, speedwells, volunteer OSR Gamit adds groundsel Leaves a little fumitory and mayweed

19 AHDB Gamit 36 CS 0.25 L/ha Tested in SCEPTRE and crop safe at 1/2 rate in tank-mix AHDB 9987 Applied post-planting at full rate Check to growth stage at higher rate in a tank-mix Weed spectrum AMG, chickweed, poppy, fat hen, groundsel, some polyganums, red dead nettle, shepherds purse, speedwells. Needs a tank-mix partner Gamit or? Scope for further work

20 Non-replicated look-see at a graminicide applied over the row AHDB9985 Applied at flowering (4 weeks postplanting) No obvious effects on courgette Killed barnyard grass Repeat in replicated trial

21 Summary - Treatments to take forward Crop-safe Wing-P/Stomp as an inter-row, AHDB 9995 pre-planting, AHDB Gamit Repeat Bonalan fb Gamit Repeat Shark inter-row AHDB9987 repeat alone and at 1/2 rate in tank-mix post-planting AHDB9985 (a graminicide) over the row AHDB9995 alone and in tank-mix/sequence with Gamit post. Any other new offers from chem companies

22 2018 What further work would you like? Priorities? Herbicides Courgette screen 2 Pumpkin? Planted or drilled Timings post-planting (24 hr, 4 days) No of sites Range of soil types Site(s) required Electric weeding

23 Acknowledgements AHDB Horticulture Barfoots Emily Lawrence (ADAS)

24 Contact details AHDB Horticulture SCEPTREplus lead Joe Martin Herbicides vegetables and rhubarb - SCEPTREplus Angela Huckle Angela.huckle@adas.co.uk Herbicides lead SCEPTREplus John Atwood John.Atwood@adas.co.uk Field vegetables lead SCEPTREplus Rosemary Collier Rosemary.Collier@warwick.ac.uk

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