Quantification of Ecosystem Services for Sustainable Agriculture. John Holland (Coordinator) + many partners (
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1 QUESSA Quantification of Ecosystem Services for Sustainable Agriculture Project outline John Holland (Coordinator) + many partners ( Presented by: Wopke van der Werf
2 Partners Game &Wildlife Conservation Trust, UK (Co-ordinator) Agroscope Reckenholz-Tänikon Research Station, CH Wageningen University, NL Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, IT Szent Istvan University, HU Bordeaux Sciences Agro, FR Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, IT University of Exeter, UK SOLAGRO, FR Stichting Dienst Landbouwkundig Onderzoek, NL Estonian University of Life Sciences, EE University of Pisa, IT University of Koblenz-Landau, D Environmental Social Science Research Group, HU
3 Background Farming systems depend (too much) on external inputs Farming systems cause pollution of soil, air and water Farmland biodiversity in decline Need to increase food production Under-utilized ecosystem service potential from semi-natural habitats (?) QuESSA answers a call on: Managing semi-natural habitats and on-farm biodiversity to optimise ecological services (theme KBBE )
4 Quantification of Ecological Services for Sustainable Agriculture ( )
5 QUESSA case studies in four agro-climatic zones QuESSA case studies in four agro-climatic
6 Crops
7 Non-crop habitats
8 Cropping systems studied in Switzerland: issues and suggestions Kickoff Meeting QUESSA, Wageningen, 6-8 February 2013 Matthias Albrecht Forschungsanstalt Agroscope Reckenholz-Tänikon ART
9 Name der Präsentation Untertitel Absender/in Forschungsanstalt Agroscope Reckenholz-Tänikon ART
10 Name der Präsentation Untertitel Absender/in Forschungsanstalt Lisa Eggenschwiler Agroscope Reckenholz-Tänikon ART
11 Name der Präsentation Untertitel Absender/in Forschungsanstalt Agroscope Reckenholz-Tänikon Lisa Eggenschwiler ART
12
13
14 QUESSA Kick-off meeting Wageningen 6-8 February 2013
15 Potential of ecosystem services derived from semi-natural habitats Key questions: Which habitats are important for providing ES? Which cropping systems and regions would most benefit from which services? Over what scale do benefits from semi-natural habitats occur?
16 What are semi-natural habitats? Any habitat within or outside of the crop containing a community of non-crop plant species
17 What are ecosystem services? Benefits humans obtain from ecosystems (Millenium Ecosystem Assessment)
18 Overall objectives In a sample of the main crop production systems across Europe identify the key semi-natural habitats according to their potential to provide selected ecosystem services based upon vegetation traits. Verify the potential of semi-natural habitats to deliver the selected ecosystem services through field studies in 16 case studies and demonstrate opportunities and trade-offs through mechanistic modelling. To evaluate the economic and non-monetary value of ecosystem services derived from semi-natural habitats and stakeholders need (and willingness to pay) for these ecosystem services. To analyse and predict with spatially explicit models the effects of spatial allocation and management of semi-natural habitats on the level of selected ecosystem service provided by semi-natural habitats in farming systems from farm to European scales. To produce guidelines and make recommendations to stakeholders and provide a web-based tool for farmers to enhance exploitation of semi-natural habitats for their ecosystem services provision.
19 QUESSA Ecosystem services Biological control Pollination Other Cultural (non-monetary) Economic Seed predation Erosion Soil organic matter carbon sequestration, soil quality & resilience
20 No. papers No. papers Methodologies: how are Ecosystem services measured? Biocontrol: measurement of ES (63 papers) Pollination: measurement of ES (29 papers) Yield Seed set Visitation Pollinators
21 Techniques for measuring predation Sentinel systems Standardized Cheap & quick Robust (consistent, practical) Sensitive Representative
22 Sentinel systems Plasticine larvae (predation by beetles, ants, birds, rodents, slugs) Calliphora larvae (predation by beetles, birds, rodents) Ephestia eggs (predation & parasitism)
23 Sentinel systems Aphids (foliar predators) Drosophila pupae (ants, beetles, slugs), rodents) Weed seeds (beetles, rodents, birds, slugs)
24 Placement of sentinels in the field Replicated in 5-7 countries
25 Placement of landscape sectors in a region
26 A B 7% parasitism 94% parasitism
27 Parasitism (%) Parasitism of Diamond back moth - Plutella xylostella Area of forest edge (m 2 ) Bianchi et al., submitted
28 Aim: estimate the spatial distribution of ecosystem service around sources from the sentinel data
29 Next: generate ecosystem service heat maps around the source habitats
30 Pollination: same approach What is level of insect pollination and what does it contribute to yield? What is the level of pollination service deficiency and what are the consequences on yield? Comparison of no pollinators v open v hand pollination Crop or potted plants
31 Practicalities Exclusion effects wind pollination/pests/microclimate Seed production varies with location on plant Alternative flower resources can distract pollinators Weather conditions effect pollinator activity
32 Other services: cultural services Non-monetary values - advantages Include full picture of well-being dimensions that are influenced by ES (material, physical, social and spiritual) Can assess wide range of interlinked services Brings in a wider range of stakeholders Encourages networking and trust building between scientists and stakeholders
33 Cultural services: QuESSA approach Farmer s personal impressions Differences in knowledge of ES between scientists/farmers Trade-offs between ES Ranking of ES
34 Scaling up to the whole of Europe Based on land cover maps (JRC) Which areas are likely to have high ES delivery, which ones low? Opportunities for improvement
35 In sum: Ambitious approach to measure multiple services in 16 case study systems across Europe Link service provisioning to (semi-natural) habitats Use modelling approaches to summarize data and upscale to landscapes, farms and the whole of Europe Provide calculation tool to farmers and other land users to assess the ecosystems services temperature of the landscape Still two years to go...
36 The QuESSA project is funded by the European Commission through the Seventh Framework Programme. Contract Number
37 Questions?
38 Stakeholders Identify Key SNH & their vegetation composition/structure in case study areas Impact of management, vegetation, spatial configuration Guidelines for farmers Identify potential ES based upon functional traits of the vegetation Develop score for key SNH based upon potential ES delivery Develop methodologies to estimate ES delivery Measure ES delivery & map case study areas WP2 WP3 On farm demonstrations Analysis potential v actual ES delivery in different farming systems WP4
39 Data from WP2 & 3 WP4 Modelling & generation of heat maps based upon ES delivery for pest control & pollination Confronting synergies and trade-offs in ES Field-landscape scales Different landscape configurations & farming systems Upscaling ES provision to pan-european scale WP5 Web-based tool for farmers Recommendations to policy makers on pan- European scale Recommendations to land managers on fieldlandscape management to improve use of ES
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