EFFECT OF FERTIGATION AND PLASTIC MULCHING ON GROWTH AND FLOWER YIELD OF TUBEROSE (POLIANTHESTUBEROSA L.) CV.PRAJWAL. Abstract

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1 Available RESEARCH EXPLORER, Impact Factor : 2.014(IRJIF), 1.85(JIF), 1.056(RIF), 2.62(NAAS) Vol. VI : Issue.17, April-June 2018, UGC Approved Journal (63185), Author EFFECT OF FERTIGATION AND PLASTIC MULCHING ON GROWTH AND FLOWER YIELD OF TUBEROSE (POLIANTHESTUBEROSA L.) CV.PRAJWAL S. SENTHIL KUMAR & M.THIRUNAVUKKARASU ICAR- KrishiVigyan Kendra, Gandhigram Rural Institute Deemed to be University Gandhigram , Dindigul District, Tamil Nadu S.GANESH School of Agriculture, Gandhigram Rural Institute Deemed to be University Gandhigram , Dindigul District, Tamil Nadu Abstract Drought and in efficient use of fertilizers are the major problem in cultivating tuberoseand which posed low yield and poor quality. Addressing this problem, an attempt was made to study the effect of drip irrigation and mulching on growth and yield of tuberose at Mankarai village, Reddiyarchatrm block of Dindigul district during The research experiment consists of four treatments viz., Flood irrigation % Recommended dose of fertilizers for soil application (T 1 ), Drip irrigation % Recommended dose of fertilizers for soil application (T 2 ), Drip irrigation % Recommended dose of fertilizers through drip irrigation (Fertigation) (T 3 ) and Drip irrigation % Recommended dose of fertilizers through drip irrigation (Fertigation) + Plastic mulching (T 4 ) were replicated five times in randomized complete block design. The treatment received with 100 % Fertigation + plastic mulching treatment were recorded higher plant height (55.35 cm), maximum leaf length (52.37 cm), maximum number of florets per spike (39.28) and single floret weight (1.68 g). The higher yield (16.2 t/ha) was recorded in T 4 followed by fertigation alone of 15.4 t/ha. Overall results concluded that recommended dose of fertigation + plastic mulching was performed higher yield and yield attributes with saving of water and fertilizers use among the other treatments Key words: Tuberose, Drip irrigation, Fertigation, Plastic mulching, Growth attributes, Yield attributes Introduction Tuberose (Polianthestuberosa L.) is an important leading commercially florist s flower for its multipurpose uses. It is native to Mexico and belongs to family Amaryllidaceae. The commercial cultivation of tuberose is found in the warmer parts of India like West Bengal, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Maharastra (Misraet al.,2007). In India tuberose 97

2 occupies a prime position because of its popularity as a cut flower, loose flower as well as its potential in perfumery industry (Rushdkhatib, 2009).Tuberose is a bulbous perennial plantand its spikes are used as cut flowers and loose flowers. Tuberose cultivars are mainly three types single, semi double and double. Single flowered cultivars are more fragrant and extensively used for essential oil extraction as the concrete percent has been observed to be more (0.08 to 0.11%) compared to double. The spikes are excellent for vase and other floral decorations. Its blooms are mainly used for making garlands, bouquets, floral ornaments and also as cut flowers (KahkashanBano Karim et al., 2017). AnuVarughese (2015) reported that drip irrigation is preferred over conventional methods of irrigation because of its high water application efficiency, mainly because of reduction in conveyance losses, deep percolation losses and evaporation losses. Fertilizer application through drip system (Fertigation) helps in proper utilization of fertilizers, saves labour and increases the productivity. Water supply is a major constraint to flower production. However, efficient use of water by irrigation is becomingincreasingly important, and alternative water application methods such as drip and sprinkler,may contribute substantially to the best use of water for horticulture and improving irrigationefficiency. Scheduling water application is very critical to make the most efficient use of dripirrigation system.the plastic materials used as mulch are poly vinyl chloride or polyethylene films. Owing to itsgreater permeability to long wave radiation it can increase temperature around the plants. Hence, polyethylene film mulch is preferred as mulching material for crop production. The polythene mulches are helpful in controlling weed population, reducing the impact of falling rain drops and reducing soil erosion, regulation of soil temperature, conservation of soil moisture (Agarwal et al.,2003). So, the present investigation was carried out to assess the impact of drip irrigation and mulching on growth and yield parameters of tuberose. Materials and Methods The field experiment was conducted during July 2016 to June 2017 at Mankarai village, Reddiyarchatram block of Dindigul District. The experiment was conducted in randomized block design with four treatments and replicated five times using Tuberose variety Prajwal. The treatment consists of T 1 -Flood irrigation %Recommended dose of fertilizers(rdf) for soil application, T 2 - Drip irrigation % RDF for soil application, T 3 - Drip irrigation +100 % RDF through drip irrigation (Fertigation), T 4 - Drip Irrigation +100 % RDF through drip irrigation + Plastic mulching. Uniform size (25 to 30 gm weight) tuberose bulbs were used for planting. The experimental soil was well drained sandy loamy texture with ph of 7. Drip irrigation and Fertigation system were followed as per the recommendations. Polythene mulching sheet with thickness of 30 micron was used for covering the soil surface. Package of practices for tuberose wasimplemented to all treatments from crop productionguide, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. Five plants were selected randomly and tagged from each plot and dates were observed for growth and yield parameters from tagged plants.the statistical analysis was done for all parameters by adopting the standard procedure of Panse and Sukhatme (1985). Results and Discussion 98

3 Plant growth parameters The data obtained (Table 1) on plant height by the treatmentt 4 (Drip Irrigation +100 % RDF through drip irrigation + Plastic mulching) recorded highest of 55.35cm followed by the treatment T 3 (Drip irrigation +100 % RDF through drip irrigation) of cm. The minimum plant height was observed of 41.5 cm in Flood irrigation % recommended dose of fertilizer through soil application. The increase in plant height is attributed to moisture conservation and weed suppression due to application of mulches. Similar results were reported by Ullah et al. (1998) and Hallidri (2001) who state that plant height was maximum in plants grown on black and transparent polythene mulch than bare soil. The drip irrigation +100 % RDF through drip irrigation + Plastic mulching applied treatments were observed highest leaf length and leaf width of 52.4 and 2.47cm, respectively which was on par with drip irrigation +100 % RDF through drip irrigation (Table 1). The lowest leaf length (39.8 cm) and leaf width (1.89 cm) were noticed in conventional practice of flood irrigation % recommended dose of fertilizers as soil application.it may be due to prolonged vegetative growth along with increased photosynthetic rate accelerated maximum leaf length and leaf width of plants. Godaraet al. (2013) reported that the sufficient soil moisture maintained by drip irrigation leads to better development of photosynthetic area and full fill the nutritional requirements of the plants.better leaf width may be due to optimum level of moisture which enhances the cell metabolism resulting in an increase of release energy which ultimately induces leaf growth of plants. Table.1 Drip Irrigation and Mulching on growth parameters of Tuberose Flower quality parameters The data showed in Table 2 indicates that the number of florets, length of floret and number of spikes per clump were observed maximum of 39.3, 6.02 cm and 3.23, respectively in the treatment received with drip irrigation % recommended dose of fertilizers through drip irrigation + Plastic mulching. The flood irrigation % recommended dose of fertilizers as soil application treatment recorded lowest number of florets, length of floret and number of spikes per clump of 30.2, 4.7 cm and 2.4, respectively. This might be due to favourable environmental condition generated via drip irrigation and mulching leads to higher vegetative growth contributing more number of spikes per plant. The results were also agreement with findings of Paul et al.(2013). The increased spike length might be due to better utilization of water and higher uptake of nutrients were achieved by the drip irrigation and mulching practiceby the plants. Similar results were reported by Koly and Pal (2011) 99

4 who revealed that the nitrogen helped in increasing the amount of assimilates that are needed for improvement in spike quality. The number of spikes per plant recorded highest is due to less competition between and within the plants for nutrients, sunlight and water resulted in better growth and development of the spikes in the tuberose. Results were in confirmation with the findings ofogutu (2006). Table 2 Drip irrigation and mulching on flower quality parametersof Tuberose better availability of plant nutrients and irrigation water throughout the crop growth period under drip irrigation system. This is in accordance with the findings of Gutalet al., (1992) The treatment received with 100 % fertigation + plastic mulching registered highest flower yield of 16.2 t ha -1 followed by 100 % fertigation alone of 15.4t ha -1. The lower flower yield of 12.1t ha -1 was recorded in flood irrigation % recommended dose of fertilizers as soil application. The increased flower yield is due todrip irrigation along with fertilizer and polythene mulching leads to better weed control, less nutrient loss through leaching and created favourable soil temperature because soil cover which enhances activities of micro organisms resulting better plant growth, increased physiological activities and yield of flower. Similar resultswere reported by Sitiet al. (1994) in bell pepper; Nagalakshmiet al. (2002) in chilli and Sharma et al. (2015) in tomato. Table 3 Drip Irrigation and Mulching on yield parameters of Tuberose Yield and its Parameters The data presented in Table 3 indicates significant effects of drip irrigation and polythene mulching on single floret weight. The maximum weight of single floret was recorded of 1.68g in drip irrigation % recommended dose of fertilizers through drip irrigation (fertigation) + plastic mulching followed by drip irrigation % recommended dose of fertilizers through drip irrigation of 1.6g. The lower single floret weight was recorded of 1.27g in flood irrigation % recommended dose of fertilizers as soil application. The increased weight of single floret in fertigation treatments might be due to 100

5 Conclusion The present findings have clearly revealed that the combined application of fertigationalong with plastic mulching significantly enhanced the growth parameters, flower quality parameters and flower yield parameters. 100 percent recommended dose of fertilizer as fertigation plus plastic mulching recorded significantly higher yield compared to 100 % RDF applied through soil as conventional application with flood irrigation. Overall concluded that 100 % fertigation along with plastic mulching is recommended for getting higher yield and quality of flower in tuberoseproduction beside minimized water requirement, weeds growth and enhanced fertilizer use efficiency. References 1. AnuVarughese and P.V. Habeeburrahman Fertigation and plastic mulching in tomato and brinjal A Review. Agricultural Reviews.36(3): Godara, S.R., I.M.Verma, J.K.Gaur, S.Bairwaand P.K.Yadav Effect of different level of drip irrigation along with fertigation on growth, yield and water use efficiency in fennel (Foeniculumvulgare Mill.).The Asian Journal of Horticulture, 82 (2): Gutal, G.B., S.S. Jadhav and R.L.Takte Effective surface covered cultivation in fruit vegetable crop tomato. Proceedings of t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l A g r i c u l t u r a l Engineering Conference,Bangkok,Thailand,dated 7-10 December, Hallidri, M Comparison of different mulching materials on growth, yield and quality of cucumber (Cucumissativus L.). Acta Horticulturae,559:P KahkashanBano Karim, N.V. Kumar, Reghupathi.B. and A. K. Pal Effect of Biostimulants on Growth and Floral Attributes of Tuberose (Polianthes tuberose L.).CV.Prajwal.International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 6(6): Koley, S. and A.K. Pal Response of inorganic fertilizer and bio-fertilizer on growth and flower yield of tuberose (Polianthes tuberose L.) cv.prajwal in the plains of West Bengal, Journal of Crop and Weed, 7 (2): Misra, R.L., G. Ashish and P. Naveen Kumar Earn more by cultivating tuberose in Delhi. Indian Journal of Horticulture, 52 (50: Nagalakshmi, S., D. Palanisamy, S.Eswaram, and V.V. Sreenarayanan Influence of plastic mulching on chilli yield and economics. South Indian Horticulture, 50 (1-3): Ogutu, M Effects of coloured plastic mulches on bell pepper yield and fruit characteristics. Horticulture Science, 41 (4): RushdKhatib Studies on double type varieties of tuberose (Polianthes tuberose L.). The Asian Journal of Horticulture, 4 (2): Sharma, P.,M.Kothari, S.S., Lakhawat and S.R. Bhakar Effect of deficit irrigation on growth and yield of tomato under drip irrigation in shade net house. Journal of Agricultural Engineering, 52 (2): Siti, A.H., Z.A. Ramala, and S. Inon Influence of potassium fertilizer and mulching on growth and yield of chilli (Capsicul annum L.). ActaHorticulturae, 369: Ullah, R., A.Rashid, A. Khanand S.Ghulam Effect of different mulching materials on growth and production of wheat crop. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 14 (1): visit our website to refers and download the previous issue of SELP JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE, RESEARCH EXPLORER, TAMILAIVU SANGAMAM at free of cost 101