Pakistan s Climate Change Vulnerability & Remedial Policy Measures

Transcription

1 GOVERNMENT OF PAKISTAN (Ministry of Climate Change) Pakistan s Climate Change Vulnerability & Remedial Policy Measures (20 May, 2015) By: Muhammad Azim (Deputy Director)

2 SEQUENCE Introduction Climate Situation & Vulnerability Pakistan Vulnerability to Climate Change Threats Pakistan s Climate Change Initiatives National Climate Change Policy-2012 (Salient Feature) Implementation Mechanism 2

3 Climate Change Situation and Vulnerability (Based on IPCC Fifth Assessment Report-2013) 0.6 o C increase in average Global temperature during the last century; (2005 warmest year followed by 2007, 1998, 2002, 2003, 2006, 2010 etc.) Increase by o C projected over the 21 st Century. Large changes (both, increases and decreases) of temperature and precipitation in different world regions. 3

4 Climate Change Situation and Vulnerability (Contd.) Considerable increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme climatic events (cyclonic storms, floods, droughts etc.) Mean sea level has risen by 0.19m and will continue to rise during the 21 st century. Increase in the ocean acidification Global warming has also affected the global water cycle 4

5 Pakistan s Vulnerability to Climate Change Threats Increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events i.e. erratic monsoon rains causing frequent and intense floods and drought Increased temperatures Sea level rise threatening coastal areas Intrusion of saline sea water into Indus Delta Impact on the water, food and energy security of the country 5

6 Pakistan s Vulnerability to Climate Change Threats (Contd.) The vanishing Himalayan glaciers Cover 17 % of the mountain area storing about 12,000 bcm of freshwater glaciers (feed Indus, Ganga and Brahmaputra) sustain and impact about 10% of the total human population. The impacts of glacial melt are extremely far reaching and destructive and signs quite clear The average rate of recession between 1985 and 2001 is about 23 m per year Gone up by 30% since last 10 years (ICIMOD) Total area of Himalayan glaciers will shrink from 500, 000 to 100,000 sq. Km (4/5 th of resource could be lost) very soon. Outbreak and spread of Dengue all over Pakistan 6

7 Pakistan s Vulnerability to Climate Change Threats (Contd.) Global versus Pakistan Decadal Mean Temperature Trends: Period Global (AR4, 2007) Pakistan C 0.06 C C 0.16 C C C 0.39 C C The accelerated jumps in the mean temperature trends after 1950s over Pakistan are much higher as compared to the global change, for example, the warming over Pakistan is twice as fast as the global mean change over the period The frequency and intensity of weather extremes in the period after 1991 is much higher than the period

8 Pakistan s Vulnerability to Climate Change Threats (Contd.) 22.8 % area and 50 % population is at risk due to impact of Climate Change Country has suffered losses because of floods owing to Climate Change during: 2010: US$ billion 2011: US$ 3.07 billion 2012: US$ 1.87 billion Environmental degradation costs 6% of GDP i.e. Rs. 365 billion per annum German watch has ranked Pakistan amongst the TEN most vulnerable countries consecutively since

9 Pakistan s Vulnerability to Climate Change Threats (Contd.) Climate impacts are very real and menacingly showing their presence: Potentially risking 50% of the population Glacial retreat, floods, droughts and temp rise Climate Change in Pakistan is a direct threat to Food security Energy security Economic security Indirectly, it has the potential to be a security threat: A Terrorism multiplier triggered by climate refugees and economic deprivation A source for Cross-border conflict owing to a shared water resources - coming under extreme stress 9

10 CHINA Country is prone to serious large-scale natural as well as anthropogenic disaster such as flood, droughts, tropical cyclones, dust storms, fog episodes, landslides etc. Tanda Dam Swat Warsak Dam ISLAMABAD Gilgit Tarbela Dam Khanpur Dam Mangla Dam AFGHANISTAN Chashma Barrage Rasool Barrage Marala Headworks Qadirabad LAHORE Trimmu Barrage Balloki Headworks QUETTA Taunsa Barrage Sidhnai Headworks Punjnad Headworks Islam Headworks INDIA IRAN Kotri Barrage Sukkur Barrage Guddu Barrage Flood/Rain Extent - 31 July 2010 Flood/Rain Extent - 16 Aug 2010 Flood/Rain Extent - 27 Aug 2010 Flood/Rain Extent - 10 Sep 2010 KARACHI Flood/Rain Extent - 21 Sep

11 Pakistan s Climate Change Initiatives GCISC established in Prime Minister s Committee on Climate Change established in 2006 Planning Commission s Task Force on Climate Change established in National Climate Change Policy 2012 Framework for Implementation of NCCP. Climate Change and Cities Initiative. 11

12 National Climate Change Policy-2012 (Salient Features) Suggested Policy Measures: Capacity Building Institutional Strengthening Awareness Raising International & Regional Cooperation Finance Technology Transfer Implementation Mechanism Research and development 12

13 Policy Goal To ensure that Climate Change is mainstreamed in the economically and socially vulnerable sectors of the economy and to steer Pakistan towards climate resilient Development. 13

14 Responding to Climate Change Two key ways to respond: i. Adaptation measures ii. Mitigation measures 14

15 Adaptation to Climate Change Major sectors Water Resources Agriculture and Livestock Health Forestry & Biodiversity Disaster Preparedness Vulnerable ecosystems 15

16 Water Resources Policy Measures: i) Water Conservation Strategies ii) Water management iii) Capacity building Agriculture and Livestock Policy Measures: i) Technology ii) Resource Management iii) Genetic modification 16

17 Forestry and Biodiversity Policy Measures: i) Forest Management ii) Habitat conservation iii) Community participation Disaster Management Policy Measures: i. Forecasting and warning system ii. Preparedness iii. Management iv. Recovery and rehabilitation 17

18 Health Policy Measures i) Monitoring and forecasting of outbreak ii) Plans and policies iii) Training and capacity building iv) Resource management 18

19 KEY SECTORS Energy Transport Agriculture & Livestock Forestry Town Planning Industries Mitigation 19

20 Energy Policy Measures: i) Energy mix ii) Renewable energy iii) Energy efficiency iv) Energy conservation Transport Policy Measures: i) Road Transport ii) Mass transit system iii) Fuel efficiency 20

21 Agriculture and Livestock Policy Measures: i) Reduce GHG emissions from rice cultivation ii) Reduce release of Nitrous Oxide from agricultural soils/ Nitrogenous fertilizer iii) Reduce GHG emissions from enteric fermentation iv) Manure management Forestry Policy Measures: i) Carbon sequestration ii) iii) Develop national REDD+ strategies and programs Accessing carbon markets 21

22 Climate Finance Green Climate Fund Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) Adaptation Fund Global Environmental Facility National Climate Change Fund/Facility 22

23 KEY STAKE HOLDERS 1.INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY UN Organizations : UNFCCC, KP and IPCC 2.FEDERAL GOVERNMENT: Ministry of Climate Change Division: Policies and Programs Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Climate International Politics/ Negotiations Ministry of Planning, Development and Reforms: Mainstreaming Climate Change into Development Process/Plan. Ministry of Finance: Developing Linkage with International Finance Architecture Ministry of Science & Technology: Research & Development Ministry of Water & Power: Tapping Benefit of International Finances. Ministry of Food Security & Agriculture : Tapping Benefit of International Finances. 3. PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENTS: Implementation of National Climate Change Policy and Plans in an Integrated manner to report the National Status. 23

24 KEY STAKE HOLDERS (Contd.) 4. PRIVATE SECTOR Green Technology, Green Business 5. MEDIA Awareness 6. ACADEMIA Research 7. CIVIL SOCIETY: Change in life style, Green Consumerism BENEFICIARY : The Whole of Mankind 24

25 Implementation Mechanism Action Plan for its implementation has been prepared. All relevant ministries, departments and agencies in process of devising plans to implement the policy recommendations relating to their respective sectors/sub-sectors. 25

26 Implementation Mechanism Composition of National Climate Change Policy Implementation Committee (NCCPIC) Minister of Climate Change at the Federal Level (Chair) Secretaries of Ministries responsible for Climate Change/ Planning and Development / Foreign Affairs/ Science and Technology/ Industries and Production/Finance/ Water and Power/ Food and Agriculture/ Health/ Defense; 26

27 Implementation Mechanism The National and Provincial Climate Change Policy Implementation Committees meets biannually. The Provincial Committees report the status of implementation of the Policy to the National Committee periodically. The National Committee report to the Prime Minister s Committee on Climate Change on a regular basis. 27

28 CHALLENGES TO POLICY IMPLEMENTATION Awareness Capacity and Technical Know-How Finances 28

29 18 May

30 Thank You 30