TRENDS IN URBAN FOOD POLICIES AND NEW BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES IN URBAN AGRICULTURE. Henk Renting RUAF Foundation

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1 TRENDS IN URBAN FOOD POLICIES AND NEW BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES IN URBAN AGRICULTURE Henk Renting RUAF Foundation

2 OUTLINE Introduction about RUAF Foundation Urban Food Systems and City Region Food Systems as emerging focus for policy development What are possibilities for private sector engagement and what are emerging business opportunities?

3 RUAF FOUNDATION Global Partnership on Sustainable Urban Agriculture and City- Region Food Systems Active since 1999, work experience in more than 40 cities around the world in all continents To support local and regional government and other partners in development of urban agriculture and food systems policies and programmes Planning resilient urban food systems Food security and social inclusion Short food chains and local economy Resource recycling City adaptation to climate change Best practice exchange and learning networks of cities

4 RUAF MEMBER ORGANIZATIONS City governments: Toronto Food Policy Council (Canada) City of Ghent, Gent Food Strategy (Belgium) AGRUPAR, City of Quito (Ecuador) Research institutes: Int. Water Management Institute, Colombo (Sri Lanka) Laurier Centre for Sustainable Food Systems, Waterloo (Canada) Institute of Geographic Sciences & Natural Resources Research (IGSNRR) Academy of Sciences (China) NGO s and Civil society organizations: EStà Economia e Sostenibilità, Milan (Italy) Mazingira Institute, Nairobi (Kenya)

5 RUAF GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP

6 Insert here background image Feeding the city in an ecologically sound, economically efficient and socially just way, is one of the biggest challenges of the 21st Century HOWEVER... The food system is a stranger to the planning field (Pothukuchi & Kaufman, 2000)

7 Relocalizing food systems as promising answer to multiple crisis Feed growing population and meet food security Mitigate and adapt to climate change Less dependence on non-renewable resources Promote health and well-being Enable new business models for agriculture Income and employment generation Strengthening social coherence and identity Build new relations between government and society

8 Explosive growth and proliferation of bottom-up urban food policy plans and strategies of city and regional governments Insert here background image Mayors Declaration at ICLEI Resilient Cities Congress in Bonn (2 June 2013) World Urban Forum7, Medellín, City region food systems and sustainable urbanisation: A call for global action (7-11 April 2014) UN Habitat III conference, Quito (17-20 October 2016). Recognition of Food security, Integrated territorial development, Food systems planning and Urban Agriculture in New Urban Agenda

9 MILAN URBAN FOOD POLICY PACT 15 October 2015

10 120 (now 144) cities that signed the Milan Pact Abidjan Bologna Florence Madrid Palermo Toronto Alexandria Bordeaux Foggia Malaga Paris Toyama Algiers Brazzaville Frankfurt Mar del Plata Porto Alegre Tunis Almere Bruges Geneva Maputo Quito Turin Amsterdam Brussels Genoa Marseille Riga Udine Ancona Bucharest Ghent Medellín Rome Utrecht Astana Buenos Aires Grenoble-Alpes Melbourne Rotterdam Valencia Métropole Athens Cagliari Guangzhou Mendoza Sacile Vancouver Baltimore Catania Guatemala City Mexico City San Francisco Venice Banjul Chicago Haapsalu Miami Sao Paulo Vienna Barcelona Chongqing Hebron Milan Seoul Villanueva de la Cañada Bari Cologne Johannesburg Modena Shanghai Warsaw Basel Colombo Kyoto Molfetta s Windhoek Hertogenbosch Beijing Copenhagen La Paz Montpellier Sucre Yeosu Belo Horizonte Córdoba (Arg) Ljubljana Moscow Tartu Zagreb Berlin Curitiba London Nantes Tegucigalpa Zaragoza Bethlehem Daegu Luanda New York Tel Aviv Zurich Bilbao Dakar Lugano Niamey The Hague N'Djamena Birmingham Douala Lusaka Nouackchott Thessaloniki Pittsburgh Bogota Dubai Lyon Osaka Tirana Rio de Janeiro

11 MILAN URBAN FOOD POLICY PACT Strategic Action Framework 1. Governance: ensuring an enabling environment for effective action (actions 1-6) 2. Promote Sustainable diets and nutrition (7-13) 3. Encourage Social and economic equity (14-19) 4. Promote and strengthen Food production in and around the city (20-26) 5. Improve Food supply and distribution (27-33) 6. Reduce Food waste and losses (34-37)

12 Food production, processing, marketing and consumption Urban centres, surrounding peri-urban and rural hinterland i.e. the foodshed Exchange and flows of food, people, goods, nutrients/waste and ecosystem services (urban metabolism) Urban-rural linkages; nexus between people, agriculture, biodiversity, water and energy CITY REGION FOOD SYSTEMS

13 FROM FOOD SYSTEM 1.0 to 3.0 DIFFERENT ROLES OF PRIVATE SECTOR Food system Great degree of local/national production, smallscale producers, informal sector and local shops Food system Large dependence on trade and global sourcing, consolidation supply chain (large retail and processing) Food system Re-localization of supply chains; new roles for private sector roles (short chains, food hubs, ICT-platforms, synergies with health, housing and ecosystem services)

14 AREAS IN WITH THERE IS A KEY ROLE FOR PRIVATE SECTOR Developing Urban and Peri-urban Agriculture Strengthening Food production in and around the city Service provisioning for Urban Agriculture Food processing and gastronomic services Food distribution and logistics Food retail and consumer services Reduce, Recycle and Revalorise Food waste Combinations of Agriculture and Food with Ecosystem Services

15 TYPES OF URBAN SPACES FOR AGRICULTURE

16 MULTIPLE BENEFITS OF URBAN AGRICULTURE

17 TRENDS: TOWARDS LOCAL AND ECOLOGICAL PRODUCTION

18 TRENDS: TOWARDS PROFESIONALIZATION AND INTENSIFICATION OF URBAN FARMING

19 TRENDS: ALSO MORE LOW-TECH FORMS OF VERTICAL FARMING / AQUAPONics

20 SYNERGIES AND BALANCE BETWEEN DIFFERENT FORMS OF UPA Urban Gardening Citizen driven, Local Agenda21 Strong social and educational aspects Role in countering food insecurity in poverty context Limited production potential, mainly multifunctional? Potential to link city with countryside Relocalized food provisioning Peri-urban and rural farming Short producerconsumer relations Quality diferentiation (local, organic) Logistics (food hubs) is key topic High-tech urban farming Detached from land, agriculture anywhere Emerging perspective, from design to pilot Investment needs and business models? Issues of social acceptability? Temporary use or invest in built infrastructure? Specific strong/weak points? Different contexts? Potential synergies en win-win options?

21 CHALLENGES AND NEEDS FOR PRIVATE SECTOR ENGAGEMENT Gap between small-scale, bottom-up initiatives and largescale, top-down initiatives Need to build a mid-level infrastructure for distribution and logistics (Food system 3.0) Many newcomers from outside agriculture and food sector Difficulties for traditional agricultural entreprises to orient their farm model to urban markets Specific needs for training and support not addressed by traditional support services Lack of regulation and norms for several UA production systems Lack of articulated markets for services and public goods

22 WHAT CAN LOCAL GOVERNMENTS DO? Better integrate Urban and Peri-urban agriculture in Urban Planning Protect existing production spaces and facilitate access to urban spaces and buildings for growing Use public procurement for market creation, e.g. by including city region provenance criteria Promote agriculture co-use within green infrastructure and green buildings Promote business innovation, for example by living labs, innovation clusters and business accelerators

23 RUAF STUDY ON ROLE OF PRIVATE SECTOR IN CITY REGION FOOD SYSTEMS Three city region cases studies: Bristol (UK), Quito (Ecuador) and Rotterdam (Netherlands) 15 private sector innovations and 4 government examples

24 URBAN AGRICULTURE MAGAZINE Available at