Microcontroller Based Irrigation System of Sensing Soil Moisture

Transcription

1 Microcontroller Based Irrigation System of Sensing Soil Moisture Bikash Chandra Saha 1, Avinash Kumar 2 and, Naiyer Mumtaz 3 1,3 Assistant Professor, Department of E.E.E, 2 Associate Professor.Department of E.E.E Cambridge Institute of Technology, Tatisilwai, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India. Mob no: bcsaha1012@gmail.com ABSTRACT Since in India more people depend on agriculture and here important role for development in food production. In our country agriculture are depend on the monsoons which is not sufficient source of water.so the irrigation is used in agriculture field. in irrigation system depending upon the soil type. In this paper we use microcontroller and sensor to sensing the soil and Water is provided to plant taking automatic irrigation. In this circuit comprises of sensor part built using op-amp Ic lm 358. op-amps are configured hera as a comparator.the most important factor of this system is microcontroller is used to control the whole system by monitoring the sensor in this system using of sensor which sense of dry or wet condition of soil automatically,the aim of our project is to modernizing agriculture technology by programming component (microcontroller) and built the necessary component for the system the main function of using microcontroller is send command to relay driver integrated circuit the contacts of which are used to switch ON of the motor and it will switch OFF the motor,when all the sensor are in wet condition. Key Words: Sensor, Microcontroller and Integrated circuit, Irrigation system, op-amps Soil moisture

2 INTRODUCTION In India,majority ofpopulation depend on agriculture. In our country, agriculture depends heavily on the monsoons as principle source of water, which is, not sufficient to cater to total need.as a result, irrigation is used in agriculture field. Generally, irrigation system depends on the soil type. In this paper the prime focus will be on model of automatic irrigation system. In this model, the circuit comprises of sensor part built using op-amp IC lm 358. Op-amps are configured hera as a comparator.the most important factor of this system is microcontroller, which is used to control the whole system by monitoring the sensor which sensesthe dry or wet condition of soil automatically.the aim of our project is to modernizing agriculture technology by programming component (microcontroller) and built the necessary component for the system.the main function of microcontroller is to send command to relay driver integerrted circuit, the contacts of which are used to switch ON of the motor. The microcontroller switch OFF the motor, when the entire sensors are in wet condition. The system has been developed targetingfarmers. In view of continuously increasing demand of food necessities, rapid development in irrigation system is highly desirable. This technique is driven by electrical power with ON/OFF scheduling controlled. The objective of the paper is primarily to discuss a microcontroller based irrigation system. IRRIGATION SYSTEM Agriculture plays an important role in economy ofindia, which is primarily an agrarian based economy. Due to the lack of sufficient waterthrough rain and acute scarcity of land water, the farmers have to use irrigation. Irrigation may be define as the science of artificial application of water to the land or soil,which means depending on the soil type, plant are to be provided with water. In agriculture, therearetwo very important aspects, first to get information of about fertility of soil and second is to measure moisture content in soil. Now-a-days, different techniques are available for irrigation. In one of the technique, two stiff Copper wires are inserted in the soil near the root zone of plant to sense whether the soil is wet or dry. The microcontroller is used to control the whole system. The microcontroller monitors the sensor.when sensor senses that the soil is in dry condition, the microcontroller send command to relay driver integrated circuit, the contacts ofwhich are used to switch ON the motor. The

3 microcontroller will switch OFF the motor as soon asthe sensor senses that the soil is in wet condition.the microcontroller does the abovementioned job as it receives the signal from the sensors through the output of the comparator and the signal operates under the control of software which is stored in Read only Memory (ROM) of the microcontroller. In this paper soil moisture content has been detected todetermine the wet or dry condition of soil. The condition of soil is indicated by LED, which is ON in case soil is wet and OFF in case soil in dry. In this paper, the objective is to discuss design of a model for automatic irrigation system which is based on microcontroller and electrical power(conventional source) as power supply source. Under this experiment, various sensorshave been placed in paddy field which sense water level continuously and give the information to microcontroller which in turn controls the motor automatically without any human intervention. As soon as the water level reaches at anundesirablelevel, it will automatically turn off the motor. BLOCK DIAGRAM Fig.1.0: Block diagram for Auto Plant Irrigation System

4 Transformer In this system we have used step down transformer (230v to 12v). Generally, most power supplies use a step down transformer to reduce the dangerously high voltage to a safer low voltage. The input coil is called the primary and output coil is called the secondary. There is no electrical connection between the two coils.instead they are linked by an alternating magnetic field created in the soft iron core of the transformer. Since very little power is wasted,so the power output is (almost) equal to the power input. Rectifier In this model, we are using microcontroller. Microcontroller requires very low DC power. So,rectifier isused to convert power supply from AC to DC. In this project, we have used bridge rectifier because of its merits like good stability and full wave rectification in positive half cycle. Only two diodes will conduct in negative half cycle whereas remaining two diodes will conduct in forward bias only. Microcontroller It is a low power high performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 8KB in system programmable flashon chip. Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in system or by a conventional non volatile memory programmer by combining a versatile 8bit CPU within system programmable flash on a monolithic chip. Relay It is electrically operated switch. Many relays use an electromagnet to operate a switching mechanism mechanically. It is generally used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a low power signal (with complete electrical isolation between control and controlled circuits) or where several circuits need to be controlled by one signal. WaterPump In this project we have used submersible pump (or electric submersible pump),which has a hermetically sealed motor close coupled to the pump body. The whole assembly is submerged in the fluid to be pumped. It requires 12v DC of power supply.

5 FLOWCHART \\ CONCLUSION In India majority of population depends on agriculture.the history of agriculture dates back thousands of years, and the development has been driven and defined by greatly different climates, cultures and technologies. The main contribution of this paper is to give an overview of project model which will greatly improve the irrigation system using microcontroller in India. The automation of an irrigation system will reduce the gap between requirement and consumed energy and further conserves the resources thereby reducing the wastage of resource.

6 REFERENCE 1. Joaquín Gutiérrez, Juan Francisco Villa- Medina, Alejandra Nieto-Garibay, and Miguel ÁngelPorta- Gándar Automated Irrigation System Using a Wireless Sensor Network and GPRS Module IEEE SamySadeky, AyoubAl-Hamadiy,BerndMichaelisy, UsamaSayedz, An Acoustic Method for SoilMoistureMeasurement, IEEE HemantIngale and N.N.Kasat, Automated Solar based Agriculture Pumping, vol. 2,Pageno Yalla,S.P, Energy Management in an Automated Solar Powered Irrigation System, Information Communication and Embedded Systems (ICICES),2013 International Conference, Pageno, Mustafa Ghassoul, International Journal Of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering,Volume 3, Issue 5, Page no Fang Meir, D. D. Garrote, D. T. Mansion and S. H. Human, 1990, Automated irrigation system using plant and soil sensors, ASAE Publication American Society of Agricultural Engineers St. Joseph, Michigan, pp Clemens A. J. 1990, Feedback control system for surface irrigation management, ASAE Publication American Society of Agricultural Engineers St. Joseph, Michigan, pp Muhammad Ali Mazidi and Janice GillispeMazidi, The 8051microcontroller and embedded systems, Pearson education ltd., India, Bikash Chandra Saha