Expert interviews. Desktop Analyses RBM and FIP relationships Work and action plan reviews

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2 Our investigation consisted of three approaches: expert interviews, desktop analyses, and site visits Over 140 interviews Interviewed the heads of every major FIP implementer globally Expert interviews Spoke with fishers, producer associations, processors, gov ts, importers, distributors, etc. Budget and cost comparisons Bi-lateral trade analyses Desktop Analyses RBM and FIP relationships Work and action plan reviews Stage progress assessments by commodity, implementer, etc. Focus on Latin America and Southeast Asia Site visits More than a dozen countries Roughly 1/3 of known FIPs About this report H h

3 CEA conducted site visits in 13 countries. Site visits covered 33 FIPs and interviews addressed an additional 18 FIPs covering more than half of all FIPs globally Bahamas Chile Ecuador Mexico Nicaragua Panama United States India Indonesia Philippines Sri Lanka Thailand Vietnam About this report

4 CEA conducted site visits in 13 countries. Site visits covered 33 FIPs and interviews addressed an additional 18 FIPs covering more than half of all FIPs globally Stage 2+, visited Stage 2+, interviewed Stage 2+, not visited Pre-stage 2 MSC certified Stalled About this report

5 Reflections on the FIP model

6 Evolving theories of change for FIPs have speciated over time, breeding confusion about what a FIP is Original FIP Structure and Theory of Change Comprehensive FIP TOC (WWF) Basic FIP TOC (SFP) Scale through proof points Short term strategy for sustainability More resource, effort intensive Scale through sector engagement Long term strategy for sustainability Less resource, effort intensive Reflection Reflections the model

7 In addition, the way FIP implementers engage international supply chains has evolved in response to corporate commitments Top down approach Basic supply chain dynamics Bottom up approach NGOs work with corporate partners to identify problematic fisheries in their existing portfolios Buyers transmit this demand through their existing supply chain to motivate stakeholders engagement in a FIP Often, the same NGO implements the newly created FIP Major Buyers Domestic supply chain Importer / Exporter Local supply chain Fishery FIP implementers engage directly with local stakeholders, or work at the behest of the middle of the supply chain wanting to sell into major buyers with sustainability commitments. Implementers then form a FIP and try to gain new market access, using their FIP as a differentiator in the market. Reflection Reflections the model

8 These two differentiations help us better understand today s FIP landscape FIP structure Basic FIPs Light touch, low cost model aimed at addressing fisheries issues piecemeal over an extended time horizon vs Comprehensive FIPs High touch, resource intensive model assessing and targeting all PIs aimed at near term MSC certifiability Supply chain engagement Bottom up Using a FIP to access end markets and major buyers with sustainability commitments vs Top down Major buyers identify problem fisheries within their supply chain and motivate FIP engagement through existing leverage Reflection Reflections the model

9 Comprehensive FIPs FIP structure Basic FIPs These two differentiations help us better understand today s FIP landscape Bottom up Supply chain engagement Top down Basic/Bottom up Low-cost FIPs Trying to gain market benefits Low risk Lack a mechanism for driving change as a FIP Basic/Top down Most challenging FIPs Greater risk of greenwashing Highest potential reward Often fisheries most in need of change and most relevant to Western buyers Comprehensive/Bottom up Niche fisheries with unique histories Can serve as proof points Not a model for scale Comprehensive/Top down Best candidates for certifiability Often high value fisheries with stronger government and higher engagement Reflection Reflections the model and it starts to become clear that FIPs FIPs

10 FIP structure Comprehensive FIPs Basic FIPs Bottom up Top down FIPs are a tool to raise issue salience among stakeholders Basic/Bottom up Basic/Top down FIPs are an established tool that is easily replicated, provides value, and is an inroad for conservation reforms Fishery Improvement Projects FIPs are a broad driver of change across commodities FIPs are an onramp to the MSC Comprehensive/Bottom up Comprehensive/Top down Reflection Reflections the model and it starts to become clear that FIPs FIPs

11 FIPS CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL

12 FISHERIES VISION Conservation International improves food security and livelihoods for fishery-dependent communities by implementing sustainable fisheries solutions built on partnerships and investments from ocean to plate. Conservation International/Sterling Zumbrunn

13 GOALS FISHERIES GOALS Protect critical fisheries ecosystems Enhance food security and sustainable livelihoods Market-based innovations to promote sustainability Demonstrable and sustained recovery of fisheries stocks and coastal habitats. Human well-being is improved in places where dependence on fisheries is greatest. Investments from hook-to-plate are developed to transition seafood markets and industry to sustainability. Critical fisheries stocks and habitats are protected through effective fisheries governance, facilitated by relevant science, guided by cultural heritage, and authorized by sufficient management capacity, in key geographies in the Americas, Asia- Pacific, and Africa regions Food security and livelihoods for resource dependent communities have demonstrably improved in key geographies, securing the nutritional, economic and cultural benefits of fisheries for communities and oceanbased enterprises. Fisheries and aquaculture enterprises are supported through capacity development, financing and business model development, and by transforming value chains and markets to align incentives for sustainability, resulting in investment-ready sustainable seafood enterprises that support resilient communities and ecosystems.

14 IMPLEMENTATION A PEOPLE-CENTERED APPROACH TO IMPROVING FISHERIES CI has launched a global initiative to implement a people-centered FIP model that improves human wellbeing while reducing the adverse impacts of fishing on the environment. Our approach combines the power of the private sector, the capacity of local communities, and effective governance reform.. FIP Strategy Elements Supporting sustainable management to reduce adverse environmental impacts and foster effective governance. - MSC data-poor methods - Building capacity and support for assessments Embedding social improvements and ethical sourcing into the FIP model Critical elements of human wellbeing: - Human Rights (including rights to resources), - Food Security - Sustainable Livelihoods - Cultural Heritage Developing financing and business models for sustainable enterprises - Promote investment opportunities in sustainable fisheries enterprises - Developing scalable business and finance models - Proven approaches including market access, microfinance, alternative livelihoods training, and value creation through investment in the supply chain.

15 SOLUTIONS IN ACTION Promote sustainable fisheries PHILIPPINES Philippines Verde Island Passage - Support livelihoods and bolster food security for more than 1 million people. - Stock assessment for Decapterus species (mackerel scad) - Developed collaborative management measures across 9 municipalities to develop and implement collaborative solutions in Balayan Bay, and is working to amplify this approach throughout the Verde Island Passage - Leveraging improvements in management and managed access to link with potential buyers (pre-fip) Alex Sher 2

16 SOLUTIONS IN ACTION Embedding social improvements in FIPs BRAZIL CI-Brazil s +Sustainable Fisheries - Traceability system for consumers, using QR codes that can be read by smartphones. - Goals are to incentivize sustainability, improving the quality of the marine environment and the livelihoods of fishermen. - In 2 years, CI expects the system to benefit 60,000 families of traditional fishers living in the 22 Marine Extractive Reserves along the Brazilian coast. Cristina Mittermeier 2

17 Conservation International/Sterling Zumbrunn SOLUTIONS IN ACTION SOLUTIONS IN ACTION Financing Fisheries Improvements EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC SEASCAPE Galapagos Marine Reserve lobster fishery - Economic valuation with UCLA - Data-poor stock assessment with UC Santa Barbara Bren School - Social marketing in partnership with RARE to increase understanding among fishers and generate support for management. - Instituted seasonal closures and quotas, and started selling higher value products to the local market. Lobster stocks have steadily improved over the past three years. - Investment Blueprints with Althelia Ecosphere Yeo Kok Leng Fishing in East Timor, Timor Leste Yeo Kok Leng 2

18 SOLUTIONS IN ACTION SOLUTIONS IN ACTION CI works in fisheries around the world through its field programs to improve fisheries for the people who rely on them most. Hawaii Philippines Eastern Tropical Pacific Seascape Coral Triangle Galapagos Brazil Indonesia 22 fisheries in pre-assessments in 8 countries

19 KEY IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGES in small-scale fisheries Challenge 1: Organizing fishers and building capacity Challenge 2: Business models, strategy, and market reach Challenge 3: Financing FIPs Challenge 4: Incorporating social objectives into FIPs Challenge 5: Fisheries assessment to benchmark and verify performance Challenge 6: Implementing FIPs in multi-species and multi-gear fisheries

20 NEXT STEPS FOR CI Program Implementation 1. Launching our Center for Oceans. Will include a Fisheries and Aquaculture team; Formally joining the Conservation Alliance for Sustainable Seafood and other stakeholder forums. Projected for start of FY17 July Pre-assessments: Build out our MSC+ fisheries assessment protocol which includes socioeconomic and data-poor MSC indicators and methods to evaluate the status of fisheries as well as their performance toward identified improvements for basic and comprehensive FIPs. New partnership with Nereus Project Nippon Foundation. 3. For select investment ready FIPs : Develop conservation finance and investment bluprints for impact investors to drive investment in fisheries capacity, supply chains, and market linkages, creating demonstration projects for investor-driven fisheries improvements. Partnership with Althelia Ecosphere.

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22 Facing up to the Challenge: FIPs at the cross-roads Dr Geoffrey Muldoon Strategy Leader WWF Coral Triangle Network Initiative

23 Management Effectiveness and Sustainability Potential Source: Mora et al., 2009 Deficient scientific, political and enforcement capacity Policymaking transparency most influences fisheries sustainability

24 FIP Continual Improvement Ladder of Progression Credible Certification (MSC/ASC) Other WWF work Incentives/Rewards Advocacy/Outreach Nonsustainability (IUU, overfishing) Years Other WWF work

25 Are FIPs Delivering Change on the Water? Go beyond FIP credibility to ask are they: o Being strategically effective o Encouraging durable uptake of better practices

26 FIPs encourage wider adoption of Standards Performance Curve Performance Shift Best Performance 27

27 Are FIPs Delivering Change on the Water? Go beyond FIP credibility to ask are they: o Being strategically effective o Encouraging durable uptake of better practices o Achieving scalability (across multiple FIPs and geographies) o Delivering better data for markets and management o Improving environmental and socioeconomic outcomes

28 The Comprehensive v Basic Rubric Basic AND Comprehensive FIPs must be underpinned by: o Consistent and high-quality benchmarking tool and processes o Strong auditing process to verify and qualify claims achievement o Stakeholder commitment to lower risk, sustainability outcomes o Adequate investment to deliver durable change o Transparent and equitable market reward system

29 Achieving real change on the water Core tenet of improving the health of target fish stocks is being overlooked Integrated approaches that integrate the FIP framework with Dedicated data collection programs conservation measures to protect critical habitats (e.g. spatial planning) rights-based approaches to enhance conservation outcomes and underpin livelihoods and food security.

30 Auditing and verification of progress FIPs have evolved without the same level of scrutiny as certification but many of the same benefits Strengthened FIP verification with more regular independent and in-person audit reviews of progress for all FIP,s including industry-led, receiving market recognition and support Closer scrutiny of FIP performance and stakeholder willing - ness to withdraw market support from poorly performing FIPs Reliable CDS and traceability systems in place to ensure non- FIP fish not entering FIP supply chains

31 Investment in FIPs Insufficient investment in FIPs Chronically underfunded Are buyers investing / re-investing adequately based on revenues extracted or benefits gained Have FIPs proven their transformational value and so can investment in the current FIP model be justified Should investment be driven by the need to scale up and strive for large numbers of FIPs or for fewer, higher quality FIPs

32 FIP Quality and Consistency Transparency and accountability not substitutes for quality and consistency Poor Comprehensive FIPs versus Good Basic FIPs and lowering the overall quality of FIPs Legitimately stalled or stuck FIPs versus non- or underperforming continuing to receive market support and recognition Building in-country capacity to improve FIP quality and delivery and lower costs

33 Achieving real change on the water? Auditing and verification processes? Investment in FIPs FIP quality and consistency and market recognition