Rural Development for Poverty Alleviation in Nepal (Prepared on the basis of secondary data)

Transcription

1 Virtues, Ethics and Sustainable Development January 28-31, 2018 Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University, Ayudtthya, Thailand Rural Development for Poverty Alleviation in Nepal (Prepared on the basis of secondary data) 30 January 2018 Pravakar Pradhan Research Faculty Department of Civil Engineering Asian Institute of Technology and Management

2 Poverty is not just a lack of money; it is not having the capability to realize one s full potential as a human being. Nobel Laureate Amartya Sen 2

3 What does mean by Poverty? (According to Nepal Living Standard Surveys 2010/2011) Poverty line fixed at 2,200 kilocalorie consumption per day per person and access to essential non-food items Based on current market prices, a person needs to earn at least NRs. 19,261(NRs. 11,929 for food items and NRs. 7,332 for non-food items) every year to buy basic food calories. 3

4 What does mean by Poverty? POVERTY is more than lack of income and resources to ensure a sustainable livelihood (UN-SDG-1). Its manifestations include: hunger and malnutrition, limited access to education and other basic services, social discrimination and exclusion the lack of participation in decision-making Population lived on less than US$1.90 a day (World Bank) 4

5 General Information Land Area: 141,181 km 2 Population in 2015: million Rural population: 81% Urban (municipalities): 265 in number Mountain coverage: 35 % Hill coverage: 42 % Terai (low land area) coverage: 23 % 5

6 Geographical Situation China India 6

7 Population Distribution Ecological Regions Mountain: 7% Hill: 43% Terai: 50% Development Regions Eastern: 22% Central: 36% Western: 19% Mid-western: 13% Far-western: 10% 7

8 Poverty Situation in Nepal Human Development Index (HDI) has been improving from to 0.558, in 1990 to 2015 respectively The average annual HDI growth of Nepal from 1990 to 2015 was 1.57 % Living Standard Surveys shows that the national poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines was 42% in 1995/96, declined to 31% in 2003/04, 25% in 2010/11 and 23.8% in

9 Poverty Trend in Ecological Regions 60 Poverty Headcount Rate in % / / /11 Mountain Hill Teria Year Source: CBS, 2005 and

10 Poverty Trend in Five Development Regions Poverty Headcount Rate in % Eastern Development Region Central Development Region Western Development Region Mid-western Development Region Far-western Development Region / / /11 Year Source: CBS, 2005 and

11 Poverty Headcount Ratio (in %) in Various Regions in 2017 Far-western Mountain Mid-wastern Mountain Western Mountain Eastern Mountain Central Mountain Far-wastern Hill Mid-wastern Hill Western Hill Eastern Hill Central Hill Far-western Terai Mid-western Terai Western Terai Eastern Terai Central Terai (Source: OPHDI, 2017) 32.8% 26.4% 30.9% 23.6% 16.7% 15.6% 11.6% 22.0% 30.3% 25.9% 30.5% 42.8% 50.7% 47.5% 59.5% 11

12 Poverty variation in different RURAL and URBAN ecological regions Mountains Rural Hills-Mid & Far Western Rural Hills-Wastern Rural Hills-Central Rural Hills- Eastern Rural Terai-Mid & Far Western Rural Terai-Western Rural Terai-Central Rural Terai-Easter Urban-Kathmandu Urban-Terai Urban-Hill Source: CBS,

13 HDI values by major CASTE and ETHNIC groups in All Brahman/Chhetri Hill Brahman Hill Madhesi Brahman/Chhetri Madhesi Other Castes All Dalits Hill Dalit Madhesi Dalit Newar Source: GoN and UNDP, 2014; UNDP, 2016 All Janajatis excluding Newar Hill Janajati Terai Janajati Muslim All Hill/Mountain Groups All Terai/Madhesi Groups Others 13

14 Rural Poverty Alleviation Efforts The country has been implementing a range of policies related some way or another to alleviate rural poverty since Nepal has already completed thirteen development plans and the fourteen is underway. 14

15 Rural Poverty Alleviation Efforts The poverty alleviation policies in Nepal took first turning point from early 1970s. Small Area Development Program (SADP) was designed and implemented subsequently in the selected groups of the homogeneous village covering a wide range of aspects of rural lives. The Integrated Rural Development (IRD) Program was a one of the extended form of SADP. 15

16 Rural Poverty Alleviation Efforts The Tenth Plan ( ) had a sole objective of poverty alleviation and supported MDG goals. The plan, also know as a Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP). The plan had adopted four strategic pillars for the poverty alleviation; i. broad based sustainable economic development; ii. social sector and rural infrastructure development; iii. targeted programs; and iv. good governance 16

17 Strategic pillar-i Irrigation and Water Resources Management (IWRMP) Irrigation and water resource management for improving agriculture productivity Source: IWRMP 17

18 Strategic pillar-ii Rural Water Supply Sanitation Fund Development Board (Fund Board) Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Program in the rural area 18 Source: Fund Board

19 Strategic pillar-iii Poverty Alleviation Fund Source: PAF, 2016 Skill Development and women participation 19

20 Strategic pillar-iv Local Governance and Community Development Programme (LGCDP) Capacity Development Program Community Bee keeping 20

21 Sustainable Development Goals

22 SDG-1: Poverty Reduction Target of Nepal 1. Eradicate, absolute poverty by 2030, (implies one percentage point reduction in the existing poverty rate every year). 2. Reduce at least by half the proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty as nationally defined. 3. Implement appropriate social protection systems and measures for all. 22

23 SDG-1: Poverty Reduction Target of Nepal (cont d..) 4. Have equal rights to economic resources, natural resources, and technology as well as access to basic services. 5. Build the resilience of the poor and vulnerable people to economic, social and environmental shocks, disasters, and climate-related extreme events. 23

24 Conclusion The PSRP s initiation in rural areas, alleviate poverty level by achieving following outcomes: ² enhanced agriculture productivities and food security, ² strengthened local indigenous knowledge, ² developed infrastructure and services, ² provided more opportunities for disadvantaged groups and ² strengthened institutional framework for devolution, sub-national governance and local service delivery. 24