Collaborative Adaptive Rangeland Management in Semiarid Ecosystems
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1 Collaborative Adaptive Rangeland Management in Semiarid Ecosystems Justin D. Derner and Dana Bowman and
2 Road Map Rationale for collaborative adaptive rangeland management Dana Bowman ranching perspective in semiarid ecosystem Novel participatory experiment with coproduction of knowledge Process Early results
3 Why is it Hard to Conduct Management Relevant Science? Conducting replicated experiments at management-applicable scales Collecting large amounts of monitoring data Determining triggers for management actions Maintaining effective communication
4 Why Collaborative Adaptive Rangeland Management is Needed? Explicit inclusion of human dimensions Economics Inputs, outputs, costs, time/labor, net present value value of non-commodity products/services On the ground, in the field meetings with managers and scientists
5 Dana Bowman: Ranching Perspective in Semiarid Ecosystems Background Education Experience
6 Where I Ranch
7 Ranching with Variability High variability in precipitation and forage production Difficult to consistently match animal demand and forage availability Forage Production (kg/ha) really good years really bad years
8 Ranching History in Region (eastern CO)
9 Crow Valley Livestock Cooperative and USDA-ARS Research History: 78 years
10 Changes in late 1990s and 2000s Management Paradigm Conservation Concern Underrepresented habitats Bement 1969 Knopf 1996
11 Production and Conservation Emphases Ecosystem goods and services Species of concern Heterogeneity Social-ecological systems Photo credit-mike Danzenbaker
12 Management Complexity How to manage for multiple objectives with diverse stakeholders?
13 Collaborative Adaptive Rangeland Management (CARM) for Beef & Birds in the Western Great Plains David Augustine & Justin Derner, USDA-ARS; Maria Fernandez-Gimenez & Hailey Wilmer, Colorado State University; David Briske, Texas A&M University
14 Keep Calm and CARM On: Collaborative Adaptive Rangeland Management
15 Assess CARM: The Project 10 years Co-production of knowledge, building trust, and complexity promotes learning Spatial and temporal movement flexibility of livestock Within and across years for adaptation to weather variability
16 Assess CARM: The Participants 11 member stakeholder group 4 ranchers Crow Valley Livestock 3 conservation groups The Nature Conservancy Environmental Defense Fund Bird Conservancy of the Rockies 4 land management agencies NRCS, FS, CSU Extension. Colorado State Land Board
17 Assess CARM: The Process 3-4 meetings each year Goals and objectives Decision-making Trust Timelines Triggers for moving cattle Grazing sequence ing Feedback loops
18 Assess CARM: Timelines Reflection and planning 2012 Drought 1 st meeting: September 2013 Baseline year 4-5 meetings each year January: Data Fest April: Solidify plans June: Pasture visits October: Reflect/suggest
19 CARM: Goals and Objectives Assess
20 CARM: Experimental Assess 1) Single large herd rotated among 10 pastures High stock density (1.8 steers/ha) Moderate stocking rate (0.18 steers/ha/4.5 months) 2) Ten small herds grazing season-long in each of 10 pastures Moderate stock density (0.18 steers/ha) Moderate stocking rate (0.18 steers/ha/4.5 months)
21 Assess CARM: Pastures and Cattle 10 pairs of 320 acre pastures Paired based on topography and ecological sites Traditional grazing yearling steers per pasture CARM grazing 234 steers in one herd
22 Assess CARM: ing Birds Observation points Nest success Vegetation cover, density Visual obstruction Peak biomass, residue Cattle Weight gains, fecal quality GPS collars, pedometers
23 Adaptive Management Decisions Following 2014 Grazing Season Assess Stocking Rate Increase of conservative 5% for 2015 Patch burns (Nov 2014) Burn ¼ (or 80 acres) in two different pairs of pastures To increase forage quality Reduce cactus abundance Increase Mountain Plover habitat Alter livestock foraging distribution Rely on vegetation threshold and animal behavior for triggers to move cattle
24 CARM: Patch Burn Effects on Cattle Distribution in Spring 2015 Assess Late May/Early June TGM CARM
25 Assess CARM: ing Data 2015 Digestible Organic Matter 1800 Residual Biomass Late May/Early June kg/ha/pasture Adaptive Traditional Grazing Treatment
26 Adaptive Management Decisions Following 2015 Grazing Season Assess Stocking rate Increase of conservative 5% for 2016 No patch burns Disagreement expressed on utility among Stakeholder Group Stocking density questions raised Vegetation thresholds increased (contingency for higher thresholds if dry), maximum days in pasture added and animal behavior for triggers to move cattle
27 CARM: Cattle Gains Weight Gains A AB ABC BCD DE CDE ABCD ABCD ABCD AB E Gain per head Late May/Early June 11-16% less with CARM Gap narrowing with time Gain per unit land area grazed Much higher in CARM due to rested pastures What is value of rested pasture? ADG ADG PATCH BURNED AB AB B 2016 Weight Gains AB A C 20SE (Elm) 17N (SaltFlat) 19N (Snowfence) 7NW (Headquarters) 5E (Ridgeline) 31E (South) 25SE (Crossroads) Pasture C C C PATCH BURNED C 24W (Highway) 26E (Hilltank) 15E (Nighthawk) AGM C
28 Adaptive Management Contribution to Livestock Weight Gains Many small herds, no rotation Late May/Early June Larger herds, rotational, not adaptive Largest herd, rotational and adaptive Assess Weight gains (approx pounds/head/day) attributed to adaptive management
29 Adaptive Management Decisions Following 2016 Grazing Season Assess Stocking rate Keeping stocking rate same Patch burns (Nov 2016) Burn ¼ (or 80 acres) in two pairs of pastures Fall burn for 1st pair, Spring burn for 2 nd pair if above average soil moisture March 1 Increase forage quality Reduce cactus abundance Increase Mountain Plover habitat Vegetation thresholds, maximum days and animal behavior for triggers
30 CARM: Cactus Control with Patch Burn Assess Late May/Early June - Fall Burn acres per pasture - Temperature Max 350⁰ - 450⁰C
31 CARM: Cactus Control with Patch Burn - Direct Mortality Assess Late May/Early June
32 CARM: Cactus Control with Patch Burn - Indirect Mortality Assess Late May/Early June
33 Assess CARM: Cactus Control with Patch Burn - Indirect Mortality Late May/Early June
34 Assess Summary Novel, participatory process needs facilitation Effective communication and field/pasture visits are essential Opportunistic flexibility and adaptation with weather Social-ecological-economic framework
35 Questions? www/ars.usda.gov/rrsr/agm
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