Tall Spindle Performance CHES
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1 Tall Spindle Performance CHES 1
2 Thanks to: Michigan Apple Research Committee Michigan State Hort Society International Fruit Tree Assocation Supporting Growers Summit Tree Sales Willow Drive Nursery Walfer Nursery
3 New Orchards A 20+ year commitment Planting time decisions determine the potential of the The most Important decisions are: cultivar, rootstock, tree spacing and tree training system Plant 5% of orchard each year. 3 Important Factors System Irrigation Fertility
4 Tall Spindle Performance CHES 4
5 Why Consider Tall Spindle? Best early and gross dollar return. A new apple orchard is a long term investment, 20+ years. It is highly adaptable to future machine assisted practices (pruning, harvest). It is proving to be the most efficient, cost effective apple training system. It is highly productive of high quality fruit in early and mature bearing years. It is a simple training system, easy for employees to learn.
6 KropfTall Spindle 6
7 Why Consider Tall Spindle? It fits the natural growing characteristics of a high density apple tree. It maximizes the trees ability to capture of sunlight. It has little to no wasted space (shaded) in a tree. It maximizes yield/acre due to its tall (10-11 ) tree height. It has one the best carbon footprint apple production systems. Apogee treated Tall Spindle can be protected from FireBlightand yet yield nearly as well as non-treated trees.
8 Sparta Tall Spindle 8
9 Sparta Tall Spindle 9
10 NY targets for early yield: 200 bu/acre 500 bu/acre 900 bu/acre 1400 bu/acre secondleaf thirdleaf fourthleaf fifthleaf Accumulatea total of 3,000 bu/acre overthefirst5 years
11 11
12 2000 bu/acre Fuji/M9 4 th Leaf
13 ThomeTall Spindle Gala 2009, 3 rd leaf
14 30875 NY Economic Studies Trees/Acre Net Present Value($/ha) Feathered trees + steel support pole Feathered tree + 4 wire trellis Inexpensive feathered tree + 4 wire trellis 0 When profitability 0 was calculated per unit 3705 land area 4940 with traditional 6175 fruit prices, profitability over Planting 20 years Density increased (trees / ha) with increasing tree density up to a density of 2,500 trees/ha.
15 Tying Branches down in year one
16 Mechanical Summer Pruning with the Tall Spindle Reduction of costs, Improved fruit quality. Timing: June, July, August
17 Tall Spindle Trial CHES 2006 Planting Direct comparison of TS and VA. Very Productive Easy to Learn System 17
18 Tall Spindle-Vertical Axe CHES 2007 Tall Spindle Report 2008.ppt 18
19 Tall Spindle Apogee, Planted 2006 Tall Spindle Vertical Axe Spacing 3 x11 5 x14 Trees/Acre Varieties (7) Well Feathered Empire, Fuji, Gala, Honeycrisp, Jonagold, Jonathan, N. Spy Gala, Honeycrisp, Jonagold, Jonathan, Fuji
20 Tall Spindle Yields Table 1. Yield/Acre (bushels) of Tall Spindle and Vertical Axe. Variety Gala Honeycrisp Jonagold Jonathan Empire Fuji N Spy Treatment 6 th 11 Tall S. V. Axe UTC Apogee UTC Apogee UTC Apogee UTC Apogee UTC Apogee UTC Apogee UTC Apogee nd 07 3 rd 08 4 th 09 5 th 10 Tall S V. Axe Tall S V. Axe Tall S V. Axe Tall S V. Axe
21 Cropping must begin: Early Cropping In the second year with the Tall Spindle system. Cropping targets (NY) for the Tall Spindle New York CHES Year Year fruits 0 to 3 06 Year 2 20 fruits 0 to Year 3 40 fruits 0 to
22 Tall Spindle Gala Accumulated Yield Apogee Apogee Apogee Apogee Apogee Apogee Bushels/Acre Planted V. Axe UTC V. Axe Apogee Tall S. UTC Tall S. Apogee All Apogee, all years, applied at 12 oz/100 by handgun at KBPF. Apogee, half of the trees treated 2006 to 2009, half untreated. Apogee, all trees treated 2010 and
23 Early TS Production Bushel nd leaf, bu/acre, 1st Crop Gala TS Honeys TS Jonagold TS Jonathan TS Empire TS Fuji TS Spy TS UTC Apogee 23
24 Early Spy Production 2nd, 3rd, 4th leaf, Spy Bushel UTC Apogee Honeycrisp PGR Report 2007.ppt 24
25 Tall Spindle N. Spy
26 Tall Spindle Apogee Accumulated Yield/Acre as % of UTC Percent Gala Honeycrisp Jonagold Jonathan Empire Fuji N. Spy All Varieties 26
27 Tall Spindle & Vertical Axe Yield/Acre (bu) Tall Spindle Vertical Axe UTC Apogee UTC Apogee UTC Apogee UTC Apogee UTC Apogee UTC Apogee UTC Apogee UTC Apogee UTC Apogee UTC Apogee UTC Apogee UTC Apogee UTC Apogee UTC Apogee GA GA HC HC JG JG JO JO EM EM FU FU NS NS GA GA HC HC JG JG JO JO EM EM FU FU NS NS
28 Tall Spindle-Vertical Axe 80,000 CHES Gala Accumulated Gross Dollar Income/Acre $ /Acre 70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 UTC V. Axe V. Axe Apogee Tall S. UTC Tall S. Apogee $15 $20 $25 28
29 Profit of Systems with Actual Yields Thousands of Dollars 100,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 20, ,000-40,000 Profit of Systems Year Central Leader Vertical Axe Tall Spindle Tall Spindle Actual Vertical Axe Actual 29
30 CHES Performance Tree, Acre, Accumulated Yields Average of all varieties Gala Honeycrisp Spy Honeycrisp PGR Report 2007.ppt 30
31 Ave All Varieties Bu/Tree Bushel/Tree Average All Varieties 2 to 3 Bushel/Tree 1 to 2 Bushel/Tree Ave TS Ave TS Apo Ave VA Ave VA Apo Honeycrisp PGR Report 2007.ppt 31
32 Ave All Varieties Accumulated Bu/Acre Accumulated Bushel/Acre NY Target Average All Varieties Ave TS Ave TS Apo Ave VA Ave VA Apo Honeycrisp PGR Report 2007.ppt 32
33 Gala Bushel/Tree Bushel/Tree Bushel/Tree Gala TS Gala TS Apo Gala VA Gala VA Apo Honeycrisp PGR Report 2007.ppt 33
34 Gala Accumulated Bu/Acre Accumulated Bushel/Acre Accumulated Bushel/Acre NY Target Gala TS Gala TS Apo Gala VA Gala VA Apo Honeycrisp PGR Report 2007.ppt 34
35 Honeycrisp Bushel/Tree Bushel/Tree Bushel/Tree Honeys TS Honeys TA Apo Honeys VA Honeys VA Apo
36 Honeycrisp Accumulated Bu/Acre Accumulated Bushel/Acre Accumulated Bushel/Acre Honeys TS Honeys TA Apo Honeys VA Honeys VA Apo
37 N. Spy Bushel/Tree 1.40 Bushel/Tree Bushel/Tree Spy TS Spy TS Apo Spy VA Spy VA Apo
38 N. Spy Accumulated Bu/Acre Accumulated Bushel/Acre Accumulated Bushel/Acre Spy TS Spy TS Apo Spy VA Spy VA Apo
39 Tall Spindle Gala
40 Summary Tall Spindle production increases quickly. TS production is 166% of VA. Apogee increases early production (some varieties). Apogee 5 year production was not significantly different to UTC. Must have good trees, nutrition, irrigation. TS produces high quality fruit. Spy responds well to Apogee and TS. 40
41 Vacuum Inlets Decelerator Platforms
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44 Michigan s Tall Spindle Define Picsof blocks 2006 Project CHES TS, Fruiting Wall Productivity Yields of some varieties Quality Apple Harvest Vacuum Honeycrisp PGR Report 2007.ppt 44
45 Honeycrisp PGR Report 2007.ppt 45
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51 Honeycrisp PGR Report 2007.ppt 51
52 Honeycrisp PGR Report 2007.ppt 52
53 Why Consider Tall Spindle? Best early and gross dollar return. A new apple orchard is a long term investment, 20+ years. It is highly adaptable to future machine assisted practices (pruning, harvest). It is proving to be the most efficient, cost effective apple training system. It is highly productive of high quality fruit in early and mature bearing years. It is a simple training system, easy for employees to learn.
54 Why Consider Tall Spindle? It fits the natural growing characteristics of a high density apple tree. It maximizes the trees ability to capture of sunlight. It has little to no wasted space (shaded) in a tree. It maximizes yield/acre due to its tall (10-11 ) tree height. It has one the best carbon footprint apple production systems. Apogee treated Tall Spindle can be protected from FireBlightand yet yield nearly as well as non-treated trees.
55 Super Spindle/M9
56 Super Spindle/M9 V- Super Spindle/M.9 Super Spindle/M.9
57 Tree Training of the Tall Spindle First Year Do not head leader. Do not head feathers. Remove feathers that compete with leader using a stub cut. Tie down 5-8 feathers below horizontal at planting or in July. Trees with many short, flat feathers need no pruning.
58 Pruning Years 2-5 Remove any branch that is larger than ¾ diameter. Removal of large branches helps keep trees small and manageable. Large branches create large trees by exporting carbohydrates to the rest of the tree.
59 Irrigation and fertigation improve growth and early cropping of the Tall Spindle trees Highly feathered trees experience water stress Trickle irrigation should be installed within 2 weeks of planting and water should be applied frequently to limit water stress. Newly planted trees that getfertigationcan significantly improve tree growth.
60 3 Yr. Old Empire (Unirrigated) 3 Yr. Old Empire (Fertigated)
61 Characteristics of G.11 Tree size similar to M.9 T337. Very productivity, and precocious. Outperformed M9 clones. Geneva 11 M9-T337 Resistant to Fire Blight. Resistant to Crown Rot Not tolerant to replant Susceptible to Wooly Apple Aphid Golden Reinders Bologna, ITALY Courtesy of Stefano Musacchi
62 Characteristics of G.41 M.9 vigor, Slightly larger than 337 Highly yield efficient G.41 Highly productive, yields % of M.9) Very precocious Very cold hardy Excellent fruit size Wide branches Immune to Fire Blight, Crown Rot, Wooly Apple Aphid Replant tolerant Tends to be less biennial on Honeycrisp. In the USA new stoolbedswere planted in 2009 and 2010 (100,000 plants).
63 Characteristics of G.935 Vigor between M.9 Pajam2 and M.26 More productive than 26, like 9. Wide branch angles. Very cold hardy Good graft union and propagation characteristics Resistant to Fire Blight and Crown Rot Tolerant to Replant Disease Complex Susceptible to Wooly Apple Aphid Best semi-dwarf rootstock in NY trials Fruit size is smaller than M9.
64 Characteristics of G.202 It is similar in size to M.26 Precocious, productive It is resistant to woolly apple aphid, fire blight, and crown rot Good choice for weak growing cultivars like Honeycrisp Tolerance to apple replant disease Good hardiness.
65 Characteristics of G.214 Vigor similar to M.9 Pajam2 Highly yield efficient Highly productive, yields % of M.9. Good precocity Resistant to Fire Blight, Crown Rot and Wooly Apple Aphid Replant tolerant Good for weak varieties. G.214 Washington
66 Characteristics of G.969, G.210 and G.890 Vigor between M.7 and MM.106 Replacements for G.30 Free standing Precocious, productive Yield efficiency similar or better than M.9 Resistance to woolly apple aphid, fire blight, and crown rot. Tolerance to apple replant disease. Good rooting in stoolbed few spines. Mostly for processing industry G.890
67 Released Geneva Apple Rootstocks Arranged by Tree Size M.7-MM106 Size Seedling Size M.27 Size M.9 T337 M.9 PAJ 2 M.26 Size G.65 G.11 G.41 G.935 G.16 G.214 G.202 G.30 G.969 G.210 G.890 New Releases
68 Rootstock Guide G11 G41 G214 G16 G935 G202 G30 G969 G210 G890 Vigor to Pajam 2 Pajam2 Pajam2 to M26 M26 M7 to MM106 Fireblight Resistant Immune Resistant Resistant Resistant Resistant Crown Rot Resistant Immune Resistant Resistant Resistant Resistant Replant Not Tolerant Tolerant Tolerant Tolerant Tolerant Tolerant Wooly AA Susceptible Immune Resistant Susceptibl e Resistant Resistant
69 Why Consider Tall Spindle? Best early and gross dollar return. A new apple orchard is a long term investment, 20+ years. It is highly adaptable to future machine assisted practices (pruning, harvest). It is proving to be the most efficient, cost effective apple training system. It is highly productive of high quality fruit in early and mature bearing years. It is a simple training system, easy for employees to learn.
70 Why Consider Tall Spindle? It fits the natural growing characteristics of a high density apple tree. It maximizes the trees ability to capture of sunlight. It has little to no wasted space (shaded) in a tree. It maximizes yield/acre due to its tall (10-11 ) tree height. It has one the best carbon footprint apple production systems. Apogee treated Tall Spindle can be protected from FireBlightand yet yield nearly as well as non-treated trees.
71 IFTA 2013 Boston February 23 March 1, 2013 Marriott Copley Place Boston, MA
72 IFTA 2013 Boston Saturday, February 23 2 Pre-Conference Intensive Workshops (Concurrent)
73 IFTA 2013 Boston Saturday, February 23 Workshop 1 -Strategies for Improving Production Practices Flowering, Pollination, Modeling, Fruit Set
74 IFTA 2013 Boston Saturday, February 23 Workshop 2 -Managing Pick Your Own Tree Fruit Operations Keeping Sane While Chasing Fabulous Wealth
75 IFTA 2013 Boston Sunday, February 24 Hi-Density Cherry and Peach Pruning Demonstration Tougas Family Farm Greg Lang/Lynn Long/ Jim Schupp
76 IFTA 2013 Boston Monday, February 25 Education Session I and II I Innovation in Production II Innovation in Automation
77 IFTA 2013 Boston Tuesday, February 26 Field Learning Tours Belkin Lookout Farm, MA Tougas Family Farm, MA Tower Hill Botanic Garden (lunch) Brookdale Fruit Farms, NH Parlee Farms, MA
78 IFTA 2013 Boston Tuesday, February 26 Banquet and Awards Ceremony New England Boiled Dinner Research, Extension, and Grower Awards Jokes and fun!
79 IFTA 2013 Boston Wednesday, February 27 Education Session III and IV III Innovation in Technology and Varieties IV Innovation in Climate Change Strategies and Production
80 IFTA 2013 Boston Thursday Saturday February 28 March 1 Post Conference Tour, Hudson Valley, NY UMass Research Orchard Cornell Hudson Valley Lab Innovative Hudson Valley Orchards Storage & Packing, PYO, Retail, Cider
81 IFTA 2013 Boston Registration is now open Go to See you in Boston!
82 IFTA 2013 Boston If that s not enough incentive
83 Tree Fruit Irrigation/Fertigation/Frost Workshop NW Hort Research Station, Suttons Bay Feb 5 th, Tuesday
84 Thanks to: Michigan Apple Research Committee Michigan State Hort Society International Fruit Tree Assocation Supporting Growers Summit Tree Sales Willow Drive Nursery Walfer Nursery
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