SummaryOf AgriculturalPesticideUse InFlorida:

Transcription

1 SummaryOf AgriculturalPesticideUse InFlorida: FloridaDepartmentofAgricultureandConsumerServices CHARLESH.BRONSON,Commissioner October2010

2 St at eoffl or i da DAD CA SC P S 0 P FLOR FLOR I DA I DA DEP DE AR P T AME RTNT MENT OFOF AGR AI G C R UL I CT UL UR TE UR AE ND AND CONS CONS UME UME RS E RR S V E I R C V E I S CES DI V DI I S V I ON I S I ON OFOF AGR AI G C R UL I CT UL UR TA UR LA ENV LENV I RONME I RONME NTA NT LA S E L R S V E I R C V E I S CES BUR BE UR AU EA OF U OF PES P T E I C S T I I DE CI S DES C 2 ONNE 5CONNE RBR LV B D. LV, D. BL, DG BLDG.#6.#6 TAL T L A A L HA LAHA S S ES E S, E F E L, 3 F 2 L ( 850 ( ) ) (850)

3 Summary of Agricultural Pesticide Use in Florida: October 2010 Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Division of Agricultural Environmental Services Bureau of Pesticides Tallahassee, Florida Phone Number: (850)

4 Table of Contents Topic Page Executive Summary... 4 Acronyms... 5 Introduction... 6 Restricted Use Pesticide Related Investigations... 7 Restricted Use Pesticides Currently Registered in Florida... 9 Pesticide Use Information Limitations Pesticides Used in Mosquito Control References

5 List of Tables Table Title Page Table 1. Restricted-Use Pesticide Related Violations for Table 2. Active Ingredients Formulated in at Least One RUP... 9 Table 3. Crops Included (n=14) Table 4. Pesticide Use (Sorted by Total Use) Table 5. Pesticide Use (Sorted Alphabetically) Table 6. Pesticide Use (Sorted by Class and Total Use) Table 7. Total Pesticide Use per 14 Crops (Sorted by Class and Active Ingredient) Table 8. Pesticide Use (Sorted by Crop) Table 9. Total Pesticide Summaries (lbs/year) for 14 Florida crops

6 Executive Summary Chapter , Florida Statutes requires the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (FDACS) to report on restricted-use pesticides in the state every three years. As in past years, FDACS has compiled the latest available information on agricultural pesticide use in Florida. In this report, FDACS summarizes data on the use of agricultural restricted-use pesticides and general-use pesticides for and provides links to pesticide use data for over 50 mosquito control districts, organized under Chapter 388 Florida Statutes. The report also tabulates compliance inspections and violations involving restricted use pesticides that occurred in Florida in years 2006, 2007, 2008, and This report provides statewide crop acreage for a subset of Florida crops and, for each active ingredient, provides the total estimated amount applied statewide on all the listed crops. Past reports have included active ingredient-specific estimates of the percent crop treated, the average number of applications for each crop, the application rate, and a calculation of the total pounds of AI applied per crop. Due to resource constraints at FDACS and the National Agricultural Statistical Services (NASS) within the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), the quantity of data relating to crop number and details on the level of use is less in this report than in previous summaries. This report s crop-related summary is limited to information provided in the USDA s Agricultural Chemical Usage Vegetables Summary and the USDA s Agricultural Chemical Usage Fruit Summary. These sources provide pesticide use data on 14 crops grown in Florida and include data on a total of 169 pesticide active ingredients, (46 fungicides, 36 herbicides, 66 insecticides, and 21 other pesticides). These were the only Agricultural Chemical Usage reports published or made web-available since FDACS Pesticide Use Information report. The following limitations of the report are noted: The crops herein represent a portion of the crops grown in Florida, and therefore, represent only a portion of total pesticide use. Pesticide use data are neither region- nor county-specific, but rather statewide estimates. Updated county acreages for each crop were not available, as in previous reports. Information on pesticide use on individual crops can be obtained through the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services or the USDA NASS website. 4

7 Acronyms 2,4-D 2,4-DB AI BCM EPTC FS FASS FDACS GABA GUP NASS PCNB PUI RUP USDA WPS 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4-dichlorophenoxybutyrate Active Ingredient Bureau of Compliance Monitoring, FDACS Ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate Florida Statutes Florida Agricultural Statistics Service, FDACS Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Gamma aminobutyric acid General Use Pesticide National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA Pentachloronitrobenzene Pesticide Use Information Restricted Use Pesticide United States Department of Agriculture Worker Protection Standard 5

8 Introduction In 2008, Florida s 47,500 commercial farms spanned over 9 million acres and averaged 195 acres in size, ranking Florida 20 th among all states in number of farms and tied at 30 th in land in farms (1). Annual farm cash receipts for agricultural products totaled more than $7.5 billion in 2007 (1), and boasted a production value of almost $2 billion for snap bean, cabbage, sweet corn, cucumber, blueberry, potato, squash, strawberry, bell pepper, tomato and watermelon crops, alone (1). During this reporting period, Florida continued to rank first in the U.S. in the value of production of oranges, grapefruits, tangerines, and sugarcane for sugar and seed (1). Florida also ranked first in the value of sales of snap beans, and fresh market tomatoes, cucumbers, squash, watermelons, and sweet corn (1). The use of pesticides contributes significantly to Florida s high level of agricultural production. Florida s high temperatures, abundant rainfall, and heavy pest pressure, among other factors, have led growers to rely upon pesticides for cost-effective and high-yielding crop production. For most states, the reporting of pesticide use to regulatory agencies is not mandatory. In Florida, Chapter (13)(h) Florida Statutes (FS) and 5E-9.032, Florida Administrative Code (FAC) require pesticide users to maintain use records for restricted use pesticides (RUP) for a minimum of two years, while the federal Worker Protection Standard (WPS) requires pesticide users to maintain records on both RUP and general use pesticides (GUP) for 30 days following the application. These records must be provided upon request, but there is no state requirement for growers to routinely submit pesticide use data for survey purposes. Chapter FS (2) mandates that, every third year, the department (FDACS) shall conduct a survey and compile a report on RUPs in Florida. This report shall include, but not be limited to, types and quantities of pesticides, methods of application, crops treated, and dates and locations of application; records of persons working under direct supervision; and records of misuse, damage, or inquiry. Recognizing this statutory requirement and the importance of pesticide use information, the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Report (FDACS) has endeavored to 6

9 effectively gather state-wide pesticide use for over 25 years. The history of pesticide survey approaches in Florida has been described previously (3,4,5). Due to a combination of diminishing Department resources and statistical difficulties in interpreting random sample pesticide use surveys, FDACS now relies on pesticide use information gathered externally, by federal agencies and private organizations. FDACS last three pesticide use information (PUI) reports take this approach and can be accessed through the FDACS Bureau of Pesticides website ( or directly through the following links: The compilation of available pesticide use data herein provides: 1) a summary of the latest available use information on RUPs and GUPs in Florida agriculture; and 2) an accounting of RUP inspections conducted by FDACS Bureau of Compliance Monitoring (BCM), including records of RUP misuse, damage and injury, for the period of 2006 through 2009 (data on RUP misuse, damage and injury from 2006 is being included in this report, as it was omitted in the previous report.) The report also includes links to usage information on pesticides used in mosquito control in Florida. Restricted Use Pesticide Related Investigations FDACS has assembled RUP compliance data for 2006 through 2009 from pesticide investigation files maintained by the BCM. The BCM pesticide inspection database tracks pesticide inspections and allegations of pesticide violations (i.e., misuse, damage, human exposure, improper distribution or labeling) as well as other pertinent data. For the calendar years 2006 through 2009, the Department conducted a total of 256 inspections related to the use of restricted use pesticides (RUPs). Of these, 103 inspections were classified as for cause inspections (in response to complaints, tips, or referrals). Sixty-five (63%) of the 103 for-cause inspections confirmed reports of misuse, damage, or injury resulting from RUP use, with 176 violations identified. Six (6%) of the 103 for cause inspections were in response to alleged human exposure. 7

10 Table 1 lists the incidence of different types of violations for each year in the reporting period. The misuses documented predominantly consisted of violations of the Worker Protection Standard, applicator records violations, failure to wear adequate personal protective equipment, and failure to possess an applicator s license when applying RUPs. Similar problems have been identified in previous PUI reports. Table 1. Restricted-Use Pesticide Related Violations for MISUSE TOTAL Application over rate Applicator records violations Drift to a crop site Dealer license violation Dealer records violation Drift to a non-crop site Diluent volume or type Display in a dangerous manner Fail to follow label restrictions Improper application method Improper disposal Improper storage Misbranded label Not state registered Organo-auxin Rule Personal protective equipment Pre-harvest interval RUP license violation Off-label recommendation Purchase of RUP w/out license Sale of RUP to unlicensed person Temik rule violation Target not on label Disposal of pesticide to cause injury WPS violation Yearly Total

11 Restricted Use Pesticides Currently Registered in Florida Table 2 provides a list of 104 active ingredients (AI) that are formulated into at least one RUP product brand currently registered in Florida. This list was generated by accessing the National State Pesticide Information Retrieval System maintained by the Center for Environmental and Regulatory Information Systems at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana (6). [Note: some of these AIs may be also formulated in a product brand that is classified as a GUP. Pesticide users should review the product label carefully to identify which product brands are RUP products.] Table 2. Active Ingredients Formulated in at Least One RUP Active Ingredient Chemical code 1-Methyl-cyclopropene ,3-Dichloropropene ,4-D ,4-D, 2-ethylhexyl ester ,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetate, triisopropanolamine Aminopyridine Abamectin Acrolein 701 Aldicarb Aluminum phosphide Arsenic acid anhydride 6802 Atrazine Azinphos-Methyl Beta-cyfluthrin Bifenthrin Carbofuran Chlorantraniliprole Chlorophacinone Chloropicrin Chlorothalonil Chlorpyrifos Chromic acid Clothianidin Copper (I) oxide Copper (II) oxide Coumaphos Cube Resins other than rotenone Cyanamide

12 Active Ingredient Chemical code Cyfluthrin Cypermethrin D-allethrin 4005 Deltamethrin Diazinon Dicamba Dichlobenil Diclofop-methyl Dicrotophos Diflubenzuron Dimethenamide-P Diphacinone Disulfoton Emamectin benzoate Endosulfan Esfenvalerate Ethoprop Etridiazole Fenamiphos Fenbuconazole Fenbutatin-oxide Fenpropathrin Fentin hydroxide Fipronil Gamma-cyhalothrin Glyphosate-isopropylammonium Imidacloprid Indolebutyric acid Iodomethane 11 Lambda-cyhalothrin Magnesium phosphide Mesotrione Metam-sodium Methamidophos Methidathion Methiocarb Methomyl Methyl bromide Methyl isothiocyanate Methyl parathion Milbemectin

13 Active Ingredient Chemical code Naled Nicarbazin Niclosamide Nicotine Oxamyl Oxydemeton-methyl Paraquat dichloride Pentachloronitrobenzene Pentachlorophenol Permethrin, mixed cis,trans Phenothrin Phorate Phosphine Picloram 5101 Picloram, triisopropanolamine salt 5102 Piperonyl butoxide Potassium N-methyldithiocarbamate Profenofos Propargite Propiconazole Propyzamide Resmethrin Rotenone S-metolachlor Sodium bentazon Sodium percarbonate Spinosad Starlicide 9901 Sulfuryl fluoride Tefluthrin Terbufos Thiamethoxam Thiodicarb Tralomethrin Zeta-cypermethrin Zinc phosphide Pesticide Use Information As in previous reports, some of the information included in this Pesticide Use Information Report exceeds that required by Florida Statutes. Specifically, FDACS has included available 11

14 pesticide use information for agricultural GUPs and provided links to information on pesticides used in mosquito control. The USDA-National Agricultural Statistics Survey (NASS) has published their most recent crop-specific pesticide use information for this compilation (7,8). FDACS is providing summary information in this report, but will readily provide more detailed information upon request. Data sources Since 1991, the NASS of the USDA has published pesticide use information on a rotational schedule, alternating fruit, vegetable, and field crops grown in different states. NASS regularly publishes this information in NASS Agricultural Chemical Usage reports, which summarize pesticide and fertilizer use for specific crops grown in specific program states. The program states vary depending on the specific crop, thus, Florida data will only be available for crops where Florida is a program state. NASS summary reports are also available through their website ( Data from previous NASS reports served in large part as the basis of the Department s past three Florida PUI reports (3,4, 5). For each active ingredient for each crop surveyed, NASS reports include: 1) estimates of the percent of crop acreage treated; 2) the average number of pesticide applications each crop received for each pesticide; 3) the amount of active ingredient (AI) applied per application; 4) the amount of AI applied per acre per crop year; and 5) a calculation of the total pounds of AI applied per crop. Since the covered period of this report is from 2007 to 2009, FDACS used any summary reports published since the last PUI report. Due to resource constraints, NASS scaled back their pesticide use surveys during the reporting period, resulting in a 2007 Summary report on pesticide use in vegetables and a 2010 summary report on pesticide use in fruits (7,8). These reports serve as the basis of this Pesticide Use Information Summary, which summarizes information gathered on 14 crops where Florida was included as a NASS program state. In 2004, the NASS provided the most recent county-wide acreages for several crops (9). These acreages were typically made available every five years when the Agricultural Census data report was released. Since the time of the 2003 PUI report, no more current county acreage data has been made available by NASS or the Florida Agricultural Statistics Service. Thus, any pesticide use information reported herein should be considered statewide. 12

15 If the reader is in need of county acreage data, albeit dated, the following resources may prove useful. The first two PUI reports contained significantly more county acreage data and can be used to identify likely growing regions for a certain crop. Also, the following two websites, created by the FDACS Marketing Division, can be used to identify crops grown in specific counties. The first link provides information on crop acreages by county from 2002, in addition to other pertinent agricultural information for that county. The second link provides the county locations of the crops listed in the table without any county-wide crop acreages. Since the information obtained from these websites is dated, interested parties should consult with other sources to determine the relevance of the data. Information included in this report This report includes estimates of available pesticide use data and crop acreage for 14 Florida crops and includes use information as recent as Table 3 lists the crops included in this report, the number of statewide acres per crop, the source and year of the data, and the year the pesticide data was published. The acreage data from Table 3 was used in calculating the total pounds for each active ingredient for each crop. Table 3. Crops Included (n=14) Crop Acres (statewide) Source of data Date Beans, snap 33,400 NASS 2006 Vegetable Summary 2007 Cabbage 7,800 NASS 2006 Vegetable Summary 2007 Corn-sweet 33,000 NASS 2006 Vegetable Summary 2007 Cucumber-fresh 10,000 NASS 2006 Vegetable Summary 2007 Cucumber-pickles 6,700 NASS 2006 Vegetable Summary 2007 Grapefruit 51,900 NASS 2009 Fruit Summary 2010 Orange 459,100 NASS 2009 Fruit Summary 2010 Pepper-sweet-bell 19,800 NASS 2006 Vegetable Summary 2007 Squash 10,500 NASS 2006 Vegetable Summary 2007 Strawberry 7,400 NASS 2006 Vegetable Summary 2007 Tangelo 5,200 NASS 2009 Fruit Summary

16 Crop Acres (statewide) Source of data Date Tangerine 14,700 NASS 2009 Fruit Summary 2010 Tomato 41,200 NASS 2006 Vegetable Summary 2007 Watermelon 25,900 NASS 2006 Vegetable Summary 2007 Summary Pesticide Use Information This report includes information on a total of 169 active ingredients, with 46 fungicides, 36 herbicides, 66 insecticides, and 21 other pesticides. Total pesticide use for the 14 crops has been summarized in various ways to allow easy access to desired information. For example, the usage data has been sorted: (a) by rank (highest to lowest) of lbs each active ingredient (Table 4); (b) by AI, alphabetically (Table 5); (c) by pesticide class (Table 6) and ; d) by pesticide class and crops (Table 7). In addition, FDACS has included: (a) a listing of the active ingredients reportedly used on each of the 14 crops (Table 8), and (b) a summary of the total use of herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, and other pesticides on each of the 14 crops (Table 9). The numeric values for usage throughout this report are not absolute, since in many cases no numeric value was entered for the use of a specific AI on a specific crop. These situations are represented with an asterisk (*) and indicate that a pesticide s use was confirmed on that specific crop, but not quantified for the reasons mentioned in the NASS reports. Amounts of specific pesticides used on a single crop is not provided in this report, but can be readily provided by contacting the Bureau of Pesticides of FDACS. Table 4. Pesticide Use (Sorted by Total Use) Active Ingredient Total Lbs. Chemical Class Petroleum distillate 25,647,600 Insecticide Methyl bromide 5,940,200 Other Chemical Chloropicrin 2,117,900 Other Chemical Glyphosate, iso. salt 1,532,800 Herbicide Copper hydroxide 1,176,500 Fungicide Aldicarb 869,100 Insecticide Chlorothalonil 800,900 Fungicide Mancozeb 639,500 Fungicide Diuron 512,300 Herbicide Carbaryl 372,700 Insecticide Simazine 313,400 Herbicide 14

17 Active Ingredient Total Lbs. Chemical Class Maneb 256,700 Fungicide Captan 221,400 Fungicide Endosulfan 171,300 Insecticide Sulfosate 166,200 Herbicide Sulfur 131,078 Insecticide Methomyl 127,200 Insecticide Chlorpyrifos 118,600 Insecticide Dimethoate 118,300 Insecticide Thiram 92,800 Fungicide Bromacil 73,700 Herbicide Triclopyr 71,300 Herbicide Dichloropropene 60,700 Other Chemical Fenpropathrin 52,400 Insecticide Pendimethalin 49,700 Herbicide Imidacloprid 48,900 Insecticide Mono-potassium salt 45,800 Fungicide Hydrogen peroxide 43,000 Other Chemical Atrazine 36,400 Herbicide Thiodicarb 35,200 Insecticide Paraquat 29,900 Herbicide Thiophanate methyl 27,500 Fungicide 2,4-D, iso. salt 25,400 Herbicide Fenbuconazole 15,400 Fungicide Glyphosate 14,600 Herbicide S-metolachlor 13,400 Herbicide Spirodiclofen 11,000 Other Chemical Azoxystrobin 10,700 Fungicide Bifenthrin 9,500 Insecticide Trifloxystrobin 8,800 Fungicide Sethoxydim 6,900 Herbicide Acephate 6,700 Insecticide Diflubenzuron 6,600 Insecticide Spinosad 6,500 Insecticide Pyraclostrobin 5,700 Fungicide Mefenoxam 5,500 Fungicide Fenheximid 4,600 Fungicide Naled 4,400 Insecticide Copper sulfate 4,200 Fungicide Thiamethoxam 4,000 Insecticide Cymoxanil 3,700 Fungicide Spirotetramat 3,700 Insecticide 15

18 Active Ingredient Total Lbs. Chemical Class Abamectin 2,700 Insecticide Spinetoram 2,700 Insecticide Cyfluthrin 2,500 Insecticide Cyprodinil 2,500 Fungicide Spiromesifen 2,400 Insecticide Triflumizole 2,400 Fungicide 2,4-D, dimeth. salt 2,300 Herbicide Lambda- cyhalothrin 2,300 Insecticide Propiconazole 2,000 Fungicide Glyphosate, amm. salt 1,900 Herbicide Phosmet 1,900 Insecticide Fludioxanil 1,700 Fungicide Esfenvalerate 1,500 Insecticide Fenbutatin-oxide 1,500 Insecticide Famoxadone 1,200 Fungicide Trifluralin 1,100 Herbicide Diazinon 900 Insecticide Malathion 900 Insecticide Pyriproxyfen 300 Insecticide Boscalid 200 Fungicide Carfentrazone ethyl 200 Herbicide Gibberellic acid 100 Other Chemical 2,4-D, 2-EHE * Herbicide 2,4-D, iso. ester * Other Chemical 2,4-DB, dimeth. salt * Herbicide Acibenzolar-S-methyl * Other Chemical Agriphage * Fungicide Azadirachtin * Insecticide Azinphos-methyl * Insecticide Bacillus pumilus * Fungicide Bacillus subtilus * Fungicide Basic copper sulfate * Fungicide Benomyl * Fungicide Benzoic acid * Insecticide Bifenazate * Insecticide Borax decahydrate * Fungicide Bt aizawai * Insecticide Bt kurstaki * Insecticide Buprofezin * Insecticide Calcium polysulfide * Fungicide Clethodim * Herbicide 16

19 Active Ingredient Total Lbs. Chemical Class Clomazone * Herbicide Copper amm. complex * Fungicide Copper chloride hyd. * Fungicide Copper oxychloride * Fungicide Cryolite * Insecticide Cypermethrin * Insecticide Cyromazine * Insecticide Cytokinins * Other Chemical Dicamba, dimeth. salt * Herbicide Dicofol * Insecticide Dinotefuron * Insecticide Diphacinone * Other Chemical Diquat dibromide * Herbicide Disulfoton * Insecticide Emamectin benzoate * Insecticide EPTC * Herbicide Ethalfluralin * Herbicide Ethion * Insecticide Etridiazole * Fungicide Fenpyroximate * Insecticide Ferbam * Fungicide Flonicamid * Insecticide Fosetyl-al * Fungicide GABA * Other Chemical Halosulfuron * Herbicide Harpin protein * Other Chemical Hexythiazox * Insecticide Indolebutyric acid * Other Chemical Indoxacarb * Insecticide Iprodione * Fungicide Kinetin * Other Chemical Lactofen * Herbicide Maleic hydrazide * Other Chemical MCPA * Herbicide MCPP, dimeth. salt * Herbicide Mepiquat Chloride * Other Chemical Metalaxyl * Fungicide Metam sodium * Other Chemical Methamidophos * Insecticide Methidathion * Insecticide Methyl parathion * Insecticide 17

20 Active Ingredient Total Lbs. Chemical Class Metribuzin * Herbicide Mineral oil * Other Chemical MSMA * Herbicide Myclobutanil * Fungicide NAA, Amm. Salt * Other Chemical Napropamide * Herbicide Naptalam * Herbicide Neem oil * Insecticide Norflurazon * Herbicide Octacide-264 * Insecticide Oryzalin * Herbicide Oxamyl * Insecticide PCNB * Fungicide Permethrin * Insecticide Petroleum oil * Insecticide Phorate * Insecticide Phosphorus acid * Fungicide Piperonyl butoxide * Insecticide Potassium bicarbonate * Fungicide Propachlor * Herbicide Propamocarb hydrochloride * Fungicide Pymetrozine * Insecticide Pyrethrins * Insecticide Pyridaben * Insecticide Pyrimethanil * Fungicide Rotenone * Insecticide S-methoprene * Insecticide Streptomycin * Fungicide Strychnine * Other Chemical Tebuconazole * Fungicide Tebufenozide * Insecticide Terbufos * Insecticide Zeta-cypermethrin * Insecticide Zinc phosphide * Other Chemical Zoxamide * Fungicide Table 5. Pesticide Use (Sorted Alphabetically) Active Ingredient Total Lbs. Chemical Class 2,4-D, 2-EHE * Herbicide 18

21 Active Ingredient Total Lbs. Chemical Class 2,4-D, dimeth. salt 2,300 Herbicide 2,4-D, iso. ester * Other Chemical 2,4-D, iso. salt 25,400 Herbicide 2,4-DB, dimeth. salt * Herbicide Abamectin 2,700 Insecticide Acephate 6,700 Insecticide Acibenzolar-S-methyl * Other Chemical Agriphage * Fungicide Aldicarb 869,100 Insecticide Atrazine 36,400 Herbicide Azadirachtin * Insecticide Azinphos-methyl * Insecticide Azoxystrobin 10,700 Fungicide Bacillus pumilus * Fungicide Bacillus subtilus * Fungicide Basic copper sulfate * Fungicide Benomyl * Fungicide Benzoic acid * Insecticide Bifenazate * Insecticide Bifenthrin 9,500 Insecticide Borax decahydrate * Fungicide Boscalid 200 Fungicide Bromacil 73,700 Herbicide Bt aizawai * Insecticide Bt kurstaki * Insecticide Buprofezin * Insecticide Calcium polysulfide * Fungicide Captan 221,400 Fungicide Carbaryl 372,700 Insecticide Carfentrazone ethyl 200 Herbicide Chloropicrin 2,117,900 Other Chemical Chlorothalonil 800,900 Fungicide Chlorpyrifos 118,600 Insecticide Clethodim * Herbicide Clomazone * Herbicide Copper amm. complex * Fungicide Copper chloride hyd. * Fungicide Copper hydroxide 1,176,500 Fungicide Copper oxychloride * Fungicide Copper sulfate 4,200 Fungicide 19

22 Active Ingredient Total Lbs. Chemical Class Cryolite * Insecticide Cyfluthrin 2,500 Insecticide Cymoxanil 3,700 Fungicide Cypermethrin * Insecticide Cyprodinil 2,500 Fungicide Cyromazine * Insecticide Cytokinins * Other Chemical Diazinon 900 Insecticide Dicamba, dimeth. salt * Herbicide Dichloropropene 60,700 Other Chemical Dicofol * Insecticide Diflubenzuron 6,600 Insecticide Dimethoate 118,300 Insecticide Dinotefuron * Insecticide Diphacinone * Other Chemical Diquat dibromide * Herbicide Disulfoton * Insecticide Diuron 512,300 Herbicide Emamectin benzoate * Insecticide Endosulfan 171,300 Insecticide EPTC * Herbicide Esfenvalerate 1,500 Insecticide Ethalfluralin * Herbicide Ethion * Insecticide Etridiazole * Fungicide Famoxadone 1,200 Fungicide Fenbuconazole 15,400 Fungicide Fenbutatin-oxide 1,500 Insecticide Fenheximid 4,600 Fungicide Fenpropathrin 52,400 Insecticide Fenpyroximate * Insecticide Ferbam * Fungicide Flonicamid * Insecticide Fludioxanil 1,700 Fungicide Fosetyl-al * Fungicide GABA * Other Chemical Gibberellic acid 100 Other Chemical Glyphosate 14,600 Herbicide Glyphosate, amm. salt 1,900 Herbicide Glyphosate, iso. salt 1,532,800 Herbicide 20

23 Active Ingredient Total Lbs. Chemical Class Halosulfuron * Herbicide Harpin protein * Other Chemical Hexythiazox * Insecticide Hydrogen peroxide 43,000 Other Chemical Imidacloprid 48,900 Insecticide Indolebutyric acid * Other Chemical Indoxacarb * Insecticide Iprodione * Fungicide Kinetin * Other Chemical Lactofen * Herbicide Lambda- cyhalothrin 2,300 Insecticide Malathion 900 Insecticide Maleic hydrazide * Other Chemical Mancozeb 639,500 Fungicide Maneb 256,700 Fungicide MCPA * Herbicide MCPP, dimeth. salt * Herbicide Mefenoxam 5,500 Fungicide Mepiquat Chloride * Other Chemical Metalaxyl * Fungicide Metam sodium * Other Chemical Methamidophos * Insecticide Methidathion * Insecticide Methomyl 127,200 Insecticide Methyl bromide 5,940,200 Other Chemical Methyl parathion * Insecticide Metribuzin * Herbicide Mineral oil * Other Chemical Mono-potassium salt 45,800 Fungicide MSMA * Herbicide Myclobutanil * Fungicide NAA, Amm. Salt * Other Chemical Naled 4,400 Insecticide Napropamide * Herbicide Naptalam * Herbicide Neem oil * Insecticide Norflurazon * Herbicide Octacide-264 * Insecticide Oryzalin * Herbicide Oxamyl * Insecticide 21

24 Active Ingredient Total Lbs. Chemical Class Paraquat 29,900 Herbicide PCNB * Fungicide Pendimethalin 49,700 Herbicide Permethrin * Insecticide Petroleum distillate 25,647,600 Insecticide Petroleum oil * Insecticide Phorate * Insecticide Phosmet 1,900 Insecticide Phosphorus acid * Fungicide Piperonyl butoxide * Insecticide Potassium bicarbonate * Fungicide Propachlor * Herbicide Propamocarb hydrochloride * Fungicide Propiconazole 2,000 Fungicide Pymetrozine * Insecticide Pyraclostrobin 5,700 Fungicide Pyrethrins * Insecticide Pyridaben * Insecticide Pyrimethanil * Fungicide Pyriproxyfen 300 Insecticide Rotenone * Insecticide Sethoxydim 6,900 Herbicide Simazine 313,400 Herbicide S-methoprene * Insecticide S-metolachlor 13,400 Herbicide Spinetoram 2,700 Insecticide Spinosad 6,500 Insecticide Spirodiclofen 11,000 Other Chemical Spiromesifen 2,400 Insecticide Spirotetramat 3,700 Insecticide Streptomycin * Fungicide Strychnine * Other Chemical Sulfosate 166,200 Herbicide Sulfur 131,078 Insecticide Tebuconazole * Fungicide Tebufenozide * Insecticide Terbufos * Insecticide Thiamethoxam 4,000 Insecticide Thiodicarb 35,200 Insecticide Thiophanate methyl 27,500 Fungicide 22

25 Active Ingredient Total Lbs. Chemical Class Thiram 92,800 Fungicide Triclopyr 71,300 Herbicide Trifloxystrobin 8,800 Fungicide Triflumizole 2,400 Fungicide Trifluralin 1,100 Herbicide Zeta-cypermethrin * Insecticide Zinc phosphide * Other Chemical Zoxamide * Fungicide *- Numeric usage data are not published for this active ingredient Table 6. Pesticide Use (Sorted by Class and Total Use) Active Ingredient Total Lbs. Fungicide Copper hydroxide 1,176,500 Chlorothalonil 800,900 Mancozeb 639,500 Maneb 256,700 Captan 221,400 Thiram 92,800 Mono-potassium salt 45,800 Thiophanate methyl 27,500 Fenbuconazole 15,400 Azoxystrobin 10,700 Trifloxystrobin 8,800 Pyraclostrobin 5,700 Mefenoxam 5,500 Fenheximid 4,600 Copper sulfate 4,200 Cymoxanil 3,700 Cyprodinil 2,500 Triflumizole 2,400 Propiconazole 2,000 Fludioxanil 1,700 Famoxadone 1,200 Boscalid 200 Agriphage * Bacillus pumilus * Bacillus subtilus * 23

26 Basic copper sulfate * Benomyl * Borax decahydrate * Calcium polysulfide * Copper amm. complex * Copper chloride hyd. * Copper oxychloride * Etridiazole * Ferbam * Fosetyl-al * Iprodione * Metalaxyl * Myclobutanil * PCNB * Phosphorus acid * Potassium bicarbonate * Propamocarb hydrochloride * Pyrimethanil * Streptomycin * Tebuconazole * Zoxamide * Herbicide Glyphosate, iso. salt 1,532,800 Diuron 512,300 Simazine 313,400 Sulfosate 166,200 Bromacil 73,700 Triclopyr 71,300 Pendimethalin 49,700 Atrazine 36,400 Paraquat 29,900 2,4-D, iso. salt 25,400 Glyphosate 14,600 S-metolachlor 13,400 Sethoxydim 6,900 2,4-D, dimeth. salt 2,300 Glyphosate, amm. salt 1,900 Trifluralin 1,100 Carfentrazone ethyl 200 2,4-D, 2-EHE * 2,4-DB, dimeth. salt * 24

27 Clethodim * Clomazone * Dicamba, dimeth. salt * Diquat dibromide * EPTC * Ethalfluralin * Halosulfuron * Lactofen * MCPA * MCPP, dimeth. salt * Metribuzin * MSMA * Napropamide * Naptalam * Norflurazon * Oryzalin * Propachlor * Insecticide Petroleum distillate 25,647,600 Aldicarb 869,100 Carbaryl 372,700 Endosulfan 171,300 Sulfur 131,078 Methomyl 127,200 Chlorpyrifos 118,600 Dimethoate 118,300 Fenpropathrin 52,400 Imidacloprid 48,900 Thiodicarb 35,200 Bifenthrin 9,500 Acephate 6,700 Diflubenzuron 6,600 Spinosad 6,500 Naled 4,400 Thiamethoxam 4,000 Spirotetramat 3,700 Abamectin 2,700 Spinetoram 2,700 Cyfluthrin 2,500 Spiromesifen 2,400 Lambda- cyhalothrin 2,300 25

28 Phosmet 1,900 Esfenvalerate 1,500 Fenbutatin-oxide 1,500 Diazinon 900 Malathion 900 Pyriproxyfen 300 Azadirachtin * Azinphos-methyl * Benzoic acid * Bifenazate * Bt aizawai * Bt kurstaki * Buprofezin * Cryolite * Cypermethrin * Cyromazine * Dicofol * Dinotefuron * Disulfoton * Emamectin benzoate * Ethion * Fenpyroximate * Flonicamid * Hexythiazox * Indoxacarb * Methamidophos * Methidathion * Methyl parathion * Neem oil * Octacide-264 * Oxamyl * Permethrin * Petroleum oil * Phorate * Piperonyl butoxide * Pymetrozine * Pyrethrins * Pyridaben * Rotenone * S-methoprene * Tebufenozide * 26

29 Terbufos * Zeta-cypermethrin * Other Chemicals Methyl bromide 5,940,200 Chloropicrin 2,117,900 Dichloropropene 60,700 Hydrogen peroxide 43,000 Spirodiclofen 11,000 Gibberellic acid 100 2,4-D, iso ester * Acibenzolar-S-methyl * Cytokinins * Diphacinone * GABA * Harpin protein * Indolebutyric acid * Kinetin * Maleic hydrazide * Mepiquat Chloride * Metam sodium * Mineral oil * NAA, Amm. Salt * Strychnine * Zinc phosphide * *- Numeric usage data are not published for this active ingredient Table 7. Total Pesticide Use per 14 Crops (Sorted by Class and Active Ingredient) Active Ingredient Total Lbs. of AI Reported 27 Crop(s) Fungicides Agriphage * Pepper, bell; Tomato Azoxystrobin 10,700 Beans, snap; Cabbage; Corn, sweet; Cucumber, fresh; Grapefruit; Orange; Pepper, bell; Squash; Strawberry; Tangelo; Tangerine; Tomato; Watermelon Bacillus pumilus * Bacillus subtilus * Cucumber, fresh; Grapefruit; Orange; Strawberry; Tangerine Cucumber, fresh; Grapefruit; Orange; Pepper, bell; Squash; Strawberry; Tangelo; Tangerine; Tomato; Watermelon

30 Active Ingredient Total Lbs. of AI Reported Crop(s) Basic copper sulfate * Grapefruit; Orange; Tangelo; Tangerine; Tomato Benomyl * Strawberry; Tomato; Watermelon Borax decahydrate * Cucumber, fresh; Pepper, bell; Strawberry; Tomato Boscalid 200 Cabbage; Cucumber, fresh; Cucumber, pickle; Squash; Strawberry; Watermelon Calcium polysulfide * Orange Captan 221,400 Strawberry; Cucumber, fresh; Grapefruit, Orange, Tangelo, Tangerine Chlorothalonil 800,900 Beans, snap; Cabbage; Corn, sweet; Cucumber, fresh; Cucumber, pickle; Orange; Pepper, bell; Squash; Strawberry; Tomato; Watermelon Copper amm. complex * Cucumber, fresh; Grapefruit; Orange; Pepper, bell; Tangelo; Tomato Copper chloride hyd. * Grapefruit; Orange Copper hydroxide 1,176,500 Beans, snap; Cabbage; Cucumber, fresh; Cucumber, pickle; Grapefruit; Orange; Pepper, bell; Squash; Strawberry; Tangelo; Tangerine; Tomato; Watermelon Copper oxychloride * Grapefruit, Orange, Tangelo, Tangerine Copper sulfate 4,200 Grapefruit; Orange; Tangelo; Tangerine; Watermelon Cymoxanil 3,700 Cucumber, fresh; Pepper, bell; Squash; Strawberry; Tomato; Watermelon Cyprodinil 2,500 Strawberry Diquat dibromide * Orange Diuron 512,300 Grapefruit; Orange; Tangelo; Tangerine Etridiazole * Tangerine Cucumber, fresh; Cucumber, pickle; Famoxadone 1,200 Pepper, bell; Squash; Tomato; Watermelon Fenbuconazole 15,400 Grapefruit; Orange; Tangelo; Tangerine Fenhexamid 4,600 Strawberry Ferbam Grapefruit, Orange, Tangelo Fludioxanil 1,700 Strawberry Fosetyl-al * Cabbage, Corn- Sweet Iprodione * Beans, snap; Strawberry 28

31 Active Ingredient Total Lbs. of AI Reported Mancozeb 639,500 Maneb 256,700 Mefenoxam 5, Crop(s) Beans, snap; Cabbage; Corn, sweet; Cucumber, fresh; Orange; Squash; Tomato; Watermelon Cabbage; Corn, sweet; Cucumber, fresh; Cucumber, pickle; Pepper, bell; Squash; Strawberry; Watermelon Beans, snap; Cabbage; Cucumber, fresh; Grapefruit; Orange; Strawberry; Tangelo; Tangerine; Tomato; Watermelon Metalaxyl * Beans, snap; Cucumber- fresh; Tomato; Watermelon Mono-potassium salt 45,800 Grapefruit; Orange; Tangelo; Tangerine Myclobutanil * Cucumber, fresh; Squash; Strawberry; Tomato PCNB * Beans, snap Phosphorus acid * Cabbage; Cucumber, fresh; Orange; Squash Potassium bicarbonate 2,000 Strawberry Propachlor * Grapefruit Propamocarb hydrochloride * Cucumber, fresh; Cucumber, pickle Propiconazole 2,000 Corn, sweet Pyraclostrobin 5,700 Beans, snap; Corn, sweet; Cucumber, fresh; Cucumber, pickle; Grapefruit; Orange; Squash; Strawberry; Tangelo; Tangerine; Tomato; Watermelon Pyrimethanil * Strawberry Streptomycin * Orange; Strawberry Sulfur 126,100 Tebuconazole * Beans, snap; Cabbage; Cucumber, fresh; Squash; Strawberry; Watermelon Cucumber, fresh; Pepper, bell; Tomato; Watermelon Beans, snap; Cucumber, fresh; Cucumber, Thiophanate methyl 27,500 pickle; Orange; Squash; Strawberry; Tangerine; Tomato; Watermelon Thiram 92,800 Strawberry Trifloxystrobin 8,800 Grapefruit; Orange; Pepper, bell; Tangelo; Tangerine Triflumizole 2,400 Cucumber, fresh; Strawberry; Watermelon Zoxamide * Cucumber, fresh

32 Active Ingredient Total Lbs. of AI Reported Crop(s) Herbicides 2,4-D, 2EHE * Tangelo; Tangerine 2,4-D, dimeth. salt 2,300 Corn, sweet; Grapefruit; Orange; Tangelo; Tangerine 2,4-D, iso. salt 25,400 Grapefruit; Orange; Tangelo; Tangerine 2,4-DB, dimeth. salt * Orange; Tangelo Atrazine 36,400 Corn, sweet; Orange Bromacil 73,700 Grapefruit; Orange; Tangelo; Tangerine Carfentrazone ethyl 200 Corn, sweet; Grapefruit; Orange; Tangelo; Tangerine; Tomato Clethodim * Cucumber, fresh; Tomato Clomazone * Cucumber, fresh; Watermelon Dicamba, dimeth. salt * Orange; Tangelo; Tangerine Diuron 512,300 Grapefruit, Orange, Tangelo, Tangerine EPTC * Beans, snap Ethalfluralin * Beans, snap; Corn, sweet; Cucumber, fresh; Pepper, bell; Squash; Watermelon Glyphosate 14,600 Grapefruit, Orange, Tangelo, Tangerine Glyphosate, amm. salt 1,900 Grapefruit, Orange, Tangelo, Tangerine Glyphosate, iso. salt 1,532,800 Beans, snap; Corn, sweet; Cucumber, fresh; Cucumber, pickle; Grapefruit; Orange; Pepper, bell; Squash; Strawberry; Tangelo; Tangerine; Tomato; Watermelon Halosulfuron * Beans, snap; Corn, sweet; Tomato; Watermelon Lactofen * Beans, snap; Cucumber, fresh; Tomato; Watermelon MCPA Orange MCPP, dimeth. salt Orange; Tangelo; Tangerine Metribuzin * Strawberry; Tomato MSMA * Orange; Tangerine Napropamide * Cabbage; Strawberry; Tomato Naptalam * Cucumber, fresh Noflurazon * Grapefruit; Orange; Tangelo; Tangerine Oryzalin * Grapefruit; Orange Cabbage; Grapefruit; Orange; Pepper, Paraquat 29,900 bell; Squash; Strawberry; Tangelo; Tangerine; Tomato; Watermelon 30

33 Active Ingredient Total Lbs. of AI Reported Pendimethalin 49,700 Sethoxydim 6, Crop(s) Beans, snap; Cabbage; Corn, sweet; Grapefruit; Orange; Pepper, bell; Squash; Tangelo; Tangerine; Tomato; Watermelon Beans, snap; Corn, sweet; Orange; Tangerine; Tomato; Watermelon S-metolachlor 13,400 Beans, snap; Cabbage; Corn, sweet; Pepper, bell; Squash; Tomato Simazine 313,400 Grapefruit, Orange, Tangelo, Tangerine Triclopyr 71,300 Grapefruit; Orange; Tangerine Trifluralin 1,100 Insecticides Abamectin 2,700 Acephate 6,700 Aldicarb 869,100 Beans, snap; Cabbage; Corn, sweet; Cucumber, fresh; Orange; Pepper, bell; Squash; Tangelo; Tangerine Cucumber, fresh; Grapefruit; Orange; Pepper, bell; Strawberry; Tangelo; Tangerine; Tomato Beans, snap; Cabbage; Cucumber, fresh; Pepper, bell; Squash; Tomato Beans, snap; Grapefruit; Orange; Tangelo; Tangerine Azadirachtin * Beans, snap; Corn, sweet; Grpefruit; Orange; Squash; Strawberry; Tangelo; Tangerine; Tomato; Watermelon Azinphos-methyl * Cucumber, fresh; Pepper, bell; Strawberry Beans, snap; Cabbage; Corn, sweet; Benzoic acid * Pepper, bell; Squash; Strawberry; Tomato; Watermelon Bifenazate * Cucumber, fresh; Strawberry; Tomato Bifenthrin 9,500 Bt aizawai * Beans, snap; Cabbage; Corn, sweet; Cucumber, fresh; Pepper, bell; Squash; Strawberry; Tomato; Watermelon Cabbage; Corn, sweet; Cucumber, fresh; Pepper, bell; Squash; Strawberry; Tomato; Watermelon Beans, snap; Cabbage; Corn, sweet; Cucumber, fresh; Cucumber, pickle; Bt kurstaki * Grapefruit; Orange; Pepper, bell; Squash; Strawberry; Tangerine; Tomato; Watermelon Buprofezin * Tomato

34 Active Ingredient Total Lbs. of AI Reported Carbaryl 372,700 Crop(s) Beans, snap; Corn, sweet; Cucumber, fresh; Cucumber, pickle; Grapefruit; Orange; Pepper, bell; Squash; Strawberry; Tangelo; Tangerine; Tomato; Watermelon Cabbage; Corn, sweet; Grapefruit; Chlorpyrifos 118,600 Orange; Pepper, bell; Tangelo; Tangerine; Squash; Strawberry Cryolite * Pepper, bell Cyfluthrin * Beans, snap; Corn, sweet; Pepper, bell; Squash; Tomato; Watermelon Cypermethrin * Grapefruit; Orange; Tangerine Cyromazine * Beans, snap; Pepper, bell; Tomato; Watermelon Diazinon 900 Corn, sweet; Cucumber, fresh; Grapefruit; Orange; Pepper, bell; Strawberry; Tangelo; Tangerine; Tomato Dicofol * Beans, snap; Cucumber, fresh; Grapefruit; Orange; Pepper, bell; Squash; Tangelo; Tangerine Diflubenzuron 6, Grapefruit; Orange; Pepper, bell; Tangelo; Tangerine Dimethoate 118,300 Beans, snap; Cucumber, fresh; Grapefruit; Orange; Tangelo; Tangerine; Tomato; Watermelon Dinotefuron * Pepper, bell Disulfoton * Pepper, bell Emamectin benzoate * Cabbage Endosulfan 171,300 Beans, snap; Cabbage; Corn, sweet; Cucumber, fresh; Pepper, bell; Squash; Strawberry; Tomato; Watermelon Beans, snap; Cabbage; Corn, sweet; Esfenvalerate 1,500 Cucumber, fresh; Squash; Tomato; Watermelon Ethion * Grapefruit; Orange Fenbutatin-oxide 1,500 Grapefruit; Orange; Strawberry; Tangelo; Tangerine Fenpropathrin 52,400 Grapefruit; Orange; Strawberry; Tangelo; Tangerine; Tomato Fenpyroximate * Grapefruit; Orange; Tangelo; Tangerine Flonicamid * Tangerine

35 Active Ingredient Total Lbs. of AI Reported Hexythiazox * Strawberry 33 Crop(s) Imidacloprid 48,900 Beans, snap; Cabbage; Cucumber, fresh; Grapefruit; Orange; Squash; Tangelo; Tangerine; Tomato Indoxacarb * Cabbage; Tomato Lambda- cyhalothrin 2,300 Corn, sweet; Tomato Malathion 900 Cabbage; Cucumber, fresh; Grapefruit; Orange; Squash; Strawberry; Tangelo; Tangerine; Tomato Methamidophos 73,800 Tomato Methidathion * Grapefruit Methomyl 127,200 Beans, snap; Cabbage; Corn, sweet; Cucumber, fresh; Pepper, bell; Squash; Strawberry; Tomato; Watermelon Methyl parathion * Corn, sweet Naled 4,400 Cucumber, fresh; Squash; Strawberry Neem oil * Cabbage; Pepper, bell Octacide-264 * Tomato Oxamyl * Beans, snap; Cucumber, fresh; Grapefruit; Orange; Pepper, bell; Squash; Tangelo; Tangerine; Tomato; Watermelon Permethrin * Cabbage; Corn, sweet, Tomato Petroleum distillate * Beans, snap; Corn, sweet; Cucumber, fresh; Pepper, bell; Squash; Tomato; Watermelon Phorate * Corn, sweet Phosmet 1,900 Grapefruit; Orange; Tangelo; Tangerine Piperonyl butoxide 2,000 Tomato Pymetrozine * Cabbage; Cucumber, fresh; Pepper, bell; Tomato; Watermelon Pyrethrins * Cucumber, fresh; Pepper, bell; Strawberry; Tomato Pyridaben * Grapefruit; Orange; Tangelo; Tangerine Pyriproxyfen 300 Grapefruit; Orange; Pepper, bell; Tomato Rotenone * Cucumber, fresh; Strawberry S-methoprene * Orange; Tangerine Spinetoram 2,700 Grapefruit; Orange; Tangelo; Tangerine Spinosad 6,500 Beans, snap Spiromesifen 2,400 Cucumber, fresh; Strawberry; Tomato;

36 Active Ingredient Total Lbs. of AI Reported 34 Crop(s) Spirotetramat 3,700 Grapefruit; Orange; Tangelo; Tangerine Sulfosate 166,200 Grapefruit; Orange; Tangelo; Tangerine Terbufos * Corn, sweet Thiamethoxam 4,000 Grapefruit; Orange; Pepper, bell; Strawberry; Tangelo; Tangerine Thiodicarb 35,200 Cabbage; Corn, sweet Cabbage; Corn, sweet; Grapefruit; Zeta-cypermethrin * Orange; Pepper, bell; Tangelo; Tangerine; Tomato Other Chemicals 2,4-D, iso. ester * Orange Acibenzolar-S-methyl * Tomato Chloropicrin 2,117,900 Cabbage; Pepper, bell; Squash; Strawberry; Tomato; Watermelon Cytokinins * Orange; Pepper, bell; Tangerine Dichloropropene 60,700 Cabbage; Pepper, bell; Strawberry; Tomato; Watermelon Diphacinone * Corn, sweet GABA * Beans, snap Gibberellic acid * Grapefruit; Orange; Tangelo; Tangerine Harpin protein * Strawberry; Tomato Cucumber, fresh; Grapefruit; Orange; Hydrogen peroxide 43,000 Pepper, bell; Tangelo; Tangerine; Strawberry Indolebutyric acid * Grapefruit; Orange; Tangerine Kinetin * Grapefruit Maleic hydrazide * Strawberry Mepiquat chloride * Grapefruit; Orange; Tangelo; Tangerine Metam sodium * Cabbage; Cucumber, fresh; Strawberry; Tomato Methyl bromide 5,940,200 Pepper, bell; Squash; Strawberry; Tomato; Watermelon Mineral oil * Grapefruit; Orange; Tangerine NAA, amm. salt * Grapefruit; Orange; Tangelo Petroleum distillate 25,647,600 Beans, snap; Corn-sweet; Cucumberfresh; Grapefruit; Orange; Pepper, bell; Squash; Tangelo; Tangerine; Tomato; Watermelon Petroleum oil * Grapefruit; Orange; Tangerine Spirodiclofen 11,000 Grapefruit, Orange, Tangelo, Tangerine

37 Active Ingredient Total Lbs. of AI Reported Zinc phosphide * Orange; Tangerine Strychnine * Tangelo *- Numeric use data are not published for this active ingredient Crop(s) Table 8. Pesticide Use (Sorted by Crop) Crop Beans, snap Cabbage Corn, sweet Cucumber, fresh Active Ingredients with Reported Use Acephate, Aldicarb, Azadirachtin, Azoxystrobin, Benzoic acid, Bifenthrin, Bt kurstaki, Carbaryl, Chlorothalonil, Copper hydroxide, Cyfluthrin, Cyromazine, Dicofol, Dimethoate, Endosulfan, EPTC, Esfenvalerate, Ethalfluralin, GABA, Glyphosate, iso. salt, Halosulfuron, Imidacloprid, Iprodione,Lactofen, Mancozeb, Mefenoxam, Metalaxyl, Methomyl, Oxamyl, PCNB, Pendimethalin, Petroleum distillate, Pyraclostrobin, Sethoxydim, S- metolachlor, Sulfur, Thiophanate methyl, Trifluralin Acephate, Azoxystrobin, Benzoic acid, Bifenthrin, Boscalid, Bt aizawai, Bt kurstaki, Chloropicrin, Chlorothalonil, Chlorpyrifos, Copper hydroxide, Dichloropropene, Emamectin benzoate, Endosulfan, Esfenvalerate, Fosetylal, Imidacloprid, Indoxacarb, Malathion, Mancozeb, Maneb, Mefenoxam, Metam sodium, Methomyl, Napropamide, Neem oil, Paraquat, Pendimethalin, Permethrin, Phosphorus acid, Pymetrozine, S-metolachlor, Spinosad, Sulfur, Thiodicarb, Trifluralin, Zeta-cypermethrin 2,4-D, dimeth. salt, Atrazine, Azadirachtin, Azoxystrobin, Benzoic acid, Bifenthrin, Bt aizawai, Bt kurstaki, Carbaryl, Carfentrazone ethyl, Chlorothalonil, Chlorpyrifos, Cyfluthrin, Diazinon, Diphacinone, Endosulfan, Esfenvalerate, Ethalfluralin, Fosetyl-al, Glyphosate, iso. salt, Halosulfuron, Lambda- cyhalothrin, Mancozeb, Maneb, Methomyl, Methyl parathion, Pendimethalin, Permethrin, Petroleum distillate, Phorate, Propiconazole, Pyraclostrobin, Sethoxydim, S-metolachlor, Spinosad, Terbufos, Thiodicarb, Trifluralin, Zeta-cypermethrin Abamectin, Acephate, Azinphos-methyl, Azoxystrobin, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus subtilus, Bifenazate, Bifenthrin, Borax decahydrate, Boscalid, Bt aizawai, Bt kurstaki, Captan, Carbaryl, Chlorothalonil, Clethodim, Clomazone, Copper amm. Complex, Copper hydroxide, Diazinon, Dicofol, Dimethoate, Endosulfan, Esfenvalerate, Ethalfluralin, Famoxadone, Glyphosate, iso. salt, Hydrogen peroxide, Imidacloprid, Lactofen, Malathion, Maneb, Mefenoxam, Metalaxyl, Metam sodium, Methomyl, Myclobutanil, Naled, Naptalam, Oxamyl, Petroleum distillate, Phosphorus acid, Propamocarb hydrochloride, Pyraclostrobin, Pyrethrins, Rotenone, Spinosad, Spiromesifen, Sulfur, Tebufenozide, Thiophanate methyl, Trifluralin, Zoxamide 35

38 Crop Cucumber, pickle Grapefruit Orange Active Ingredients with Reported Use Boscalid, Bt kurstaki, Carbaryl, Chlorothalonil, Copper hydroxide, Cymoxanil, Famoxadone, Glyphosate, iso. salt, Mancozeb, Maneb, Propamocarb hydrochloride, Pymetrozine, Pyraclostrobin, Spinosad, Thiophanate methyl, Triflumizole 2,4-D, dimeth. salt, 2,4-D, iso. salt, Abamectin, Aldicarb, Azadirachtin, Azoxystrobin, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus subtilus, Basic copper sulfate, Bromacil, Bt kurstaki, Calcium polysulfide, Captan, Carbaryl, Carfentrazone-ethyl, Chlorpyrifos, Copper amm. complex, Copper chloride hyd., Copper hydroxide, Copper oxychloride, Copper sulfate, Cypermethrin, Diazinon, Dicofol, Diflubenzuron, Dimethoate, Diuron, Ethion, Fenbuconazole, Fenbutatin-oxide, Fenpropathrin, Fenpyroximate, Ferbam, Gibberillic acid, Glyphosate, Glyphosate, amm. salt, Glyphosate, iso. salt, Hydrogen peroxide, Imidacloprid, Indolebutyric acid, Kinetin, Malathion, Mefenoxam, Mepiquat chloride, Methidathion, Mineral oil, Mono-potassium salt, NAA, amm. salt, Norflurazon, Oryzalin, Oxamyl, Paraquat, Pendimethalin, Petroleum distillate, Petroleum oil, Phosmet, Propachlor, Pyraclostrobin, Pyridaben, Pyriproxyfen, Simazine, Spinetoram, Spirodiclofen, Spirotetramat, Sulfosate, Sulfur, Thiamethoxam, Triclopyr, Trifloxystrobin, Zeta-cypermethrin 2,4-D, dimeth. salt, 2,4-D, iso. ester, 2,4-D, iso. salt, Abamectin, Aldicarb, Atrazine, Azadirachtin, Azoxystrobin, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus subtilus, Basic copper sulfate, Bromacil, Bt kurstaki, Captan, Carbaryl, Carfentrazone-ethyl, Chlorothalonil, Chlorpyrifos, Copper amm. complex, Copper chloride hyd., Copper hydroxide, Copper oxychloride, Copper sulfate, Cypermethrin, Cytokinins, Diazinon, Dicamba, dimeth. salt, Dicofol, Diflubenzuron, Dimethoate, Diquat dibromide, Diuron, Ethion, Fenbuconazole, Fenbutatin-oxide, Fenpropathrin, Fenpyroximate, Ferbam, Gibberillic acid, Glyphosate, Glyphosate, amm. salt, Glyphosate, iso. salt, Hydrogen peroxide, Imidacloprid, Indolebutyric acid, Malathion, Mancozeb, MCPA, MCPP, dimeth. salt, Mefenoxam, Mepiquat chloride, Mineral oil, Mono-potassium salt, MSMA, NAA, amm. salt, Norflurazon, Oryzalin, Oxamyl, Paraquat, Pendimethalin, Petroleum distillate, Petroleum oil, Phosmet, Phosphorus acid, Pyraclostrobin, Pyridaben, Pyriproxyfen, Sethoxydim, Simazine, S-methoprene, Spinetoram, Spirodiclofen, Spirotetramat, Streptomycin, Sulfosate, Sulfur, Thiamethoxam, Thiophanate methyl, Triclopyr, Trifloxystrobin, Trifluralin, Zeta-cypermethrin, Zinc phosphide, Zoxamide 36