Factors affecting costs of groundwater development in Sub-Saharan Africa

Transcription

1 Factors affecting costs of groundwater development in Sub-Saharan Africa 6 th RWSN Forum, Kampala Stefanos Xenarios a and Paul Pavelic b a International Water Management Institute, East Africa Office, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, . Stefanos.Xenarios@bioforsk.no b International Water Management Institute, South Asian Office, Hyderabad, India The research was undertaken through the project Groundwater in Sub-Saharan Africa: Implications for food security and livelihoods funded by Rockefeller Foundation (Project No AGR-305)

2 Groundwater costs in Sub-Saharan Africa Groundwater (GW) cost assessment conducted in many Sub-Saharan African countries (SSA) but systematic attention is missing Cross comparability and historical trends of groundwater costs among SSA is fragmented Potential effects of crucial development indicators to GW costs is rarely done

3 Groundwater Costs analysis Cost related and technical factors Fixed Costs ($/drill) Variable Costs ($/meter) Pump related Costs (Optional) ($/drill) Drilling activities in a country scale Aggregated Cost Factors Technical Parameters Drilling Companies (Nos.) Drilling Capacity (mm/machine) Construction methods (Nos.) State Private NGO Lightweight Heavyweight DTH Percussion Rotary Manual Sources - 11 National GW reports for the project GW in SSA: Implications for food security and livelihoods (2011) - ~25 reports coordinated by RWSN ( ) - Individual research papers ( )

4 GW trends and development indicators Development Indicators Economic Demographic Land and Infrastructure Water Status Water Use Health Related Time series analysis and avoidance of cross-correlation techniques while lags where identified Missing values either discarding the indicator or inserting values through interpolating analysis Sources - FAO, Aquastat Dbase for 25 years although many missing - World Bank, The book of Africa: Development Indicators (2010)

5 Findings of GW cost allocation Countr. Av.D. (m/drill) Burk.Faso 40 Ghana 43 Mozam. 43 Niger 50 Nigeria 50 Zambia 60 Uganda 65 Tanzania 73 Kenya 80 Ethiopia 100 Mali 100 D.R. (%) TC_YP ($/drill) 8,760 5,343 14,946 12,194 6,241 6,028 10,476 16,540 20,906 23,268 P.T. MP MP MP MP FC_YP ($/drill) VC ($/m) FL.DR. ($/m) 3, , , , , , , , , ,697 MP 6, TC.R.(%) R.YR

6 GW individual factors vs total costs Stat. Fixed Costs ($/drill) Sitting Costs Water Quality Pump Purchasing Pump Test Corr Sign. P=.467 p=.541 p=.928 p=.036 Variable Costs ($/meter) Stat. Mob/Demobilisation Drilling Material and Installation Failed Surcharge Corr Sign. p=.002 p=.244 p=.557 p=.480 > < < < < 6000

7 Countries State Drilling Companies (Nos.) Privat e NGOs Dril.Capacity (mm/machine) Lightw. ( ) Heavyw. (>300) Construction methods (Nos.) DTH Perc. Rotary Manua l Statu s Burkina Faso Ghana Mozamb. Niger Nigeria Zambia Uganda Tanzania Kenya Ethiopia O R.O O 50 V.O - R.N - O R.O 4 O Mali O R.N V.O

8 GW cost trends with the period Average groundwater cost per meter 11 SSA countries for the period Costs ($/m) Years Burkina, Ethiopia, Ghana, Keny a, Mali, Tanzania, Zambia, Niger, Nigeria, Mozambique, Uganda

9 45,000,000 40,000,000 35,000,000 30,000,000 25,000,000 20,000,000 15,000,000 GW Costs and development indicators: examples from Burkina Faso and Kenya Kenya Population Total, Clinical Malaria-reported Cases Water withdrawal per 100,000 people ,000, ,000, Well Costs ($/m3) Agricultural water managed area Burkina Faso Agricultural Water Managed Areas (1000ha), Productivity ($/m3) Well Costs ($/m) Water Water Produc tiv ity

10 Limitation of assumptions Absence of sufficient hydro-geological data Difficulty of comparison with other research studies Highly diverging cost ranges question average values Development indicators analysis may mislead if other assumptions not considered Disaggregation of the development indicators needed Research outcome for better GW development Cost disaggregation within and between countries could give a better GW overview Development indicator analysis could help in better GW strategy on a national level but also for an overview in SSA

11 Thank you very much for your attention!