Foot & Mouth Disease in Israel 2017
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1 42 nd General Session of the EuFMD 1 Foot & Mouth Disease in Israel 2017 Tamir Goshen Israeli Veterinary Field Services Director
2 2
3 Susceptible Livestock Population 3 Dairy Cattle 200,000 (cows + replacement) Beef- Pasture 50,000 (cows) Beef Feedlot 300,000 (steers) Sheep 500,000 (ewes) Goats 100,000 (does) Pigs - 20,000 (sows)
4 Livestock densities 4
5 Livestock densities 5
6 FMD Control 6 Vaccine strains (Pool 3): - Type O contains antigens: Manisa, Geshur 85 (O4625 ), O 3039, O Panasia 2. - Type A contains antigens: A A Iran Type Asia1 contains antigen: Asia 1 Shamir. (cattle only)
7 FMD control Animal Cattle Sheep & Goats annual vaccination (average) 707, ,415 Over all ~ 98.5% of registered herd were vaccinated in FMD vaccination is mandatory and done by the IVS.
8 Outbreaks ( ) Outbreaks # Year
9 Outbreak by Index case Month ( ) # of first Otbreaks Month
10 Historical Israeli FMD Outbreaks 10 FMD 2012 Rafah GS SAT2 FMD 2007 Netua Goats O FMD 2015 Fasuta, Nablus Pigs O FMD 2009 Beit Halevi cattle Kfar Yehoshua Goats A FMD 2017 Nir Yitzhak cattle & GS O Sheep & cattle 10 Km from border FMD 2011 FMD 2014 Snir Cattle O FMD 2007 Neve-Ur Cattle O FMD 2011 Beit Zera Cattle O FMD 2014 Uga, Tira, Iksal Sheep O FMD 2006 Dir Samet WB Cattle O
11 FMD Outbreak in Dairy Farm Nir Yitzhak 11 First major outbreak in a dairy farm in years. Israeli farms are vaccinated annually from October, young stock is vaccinated 3-5 m with booster 3 m later. Nir Yitzhak: 775 cows & heifers. The cows were vaccinated 1 year beafore. Replacement heifers at 2-4 m and boostered 3 m later.
12 Outbreak area Farms in 10 km radius: Holit dairy farm. Nir Oz- Cattle Feedlot. Magen Replacement dairy heifers. Nave sheep farm. Pri Gan - sheep farm. Talmei Yosef - sheep farm. Eshcolot - sheep farm. 13
13 Nir Yitzhak Km Nir Yitzhak
14 Nir Yitzhak Dairy farm 15 Nir Yitzhak Road232
15 Nir Yitzhak Dairy farm 16 Suckling calves 0-2 m
16 Possible Incursion Air born. Nearby road (232). IDF border patrols. Other wild animals; animal traders ect. 17
17 Morbidity by group 19 Group Age # animals # cases Morbidity Rate Hutches 0 2 m % weaning 2 4 m % Replacement 4 18 m % Pregnant Heifers 18 m % 1 st Calf Heifers 2 years % 2 nd Lactation 3 years % 3 rd + lactation (B) 4 years % 3 rd + lactation (C) 4 years % Low producers (D) mixed % Dry cows 3 years % Close up 3 years % Overall %
18 Epidemiological Curve 20 35% Booster Vaccination 50 30% Cumulative Morditity Rate 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% New Cases Cumulative Morbidity Rate % 0 2/7/2017 2/8/2017 2/9/2017 2/10/2017 2/11/2017 2/12/2017 2/13/2017 2/14/2017 2/15/2017 2/16/2017 2/17/2017 2/18/2017 2/19/2017 2/20/2017 2/21/2017 2/22/2017 2/23/2017 2/24/2017 2/25/2017 2/26/2017 2/27/2017 New Cases (#) Date
19 Mortality 21 8 cows & 1 pregnant heifer. Deaths due to secondary infections, mainly mastitis and septic arthritis. No mortality in young calves or heifers.
20 Indirect losses 22 Milk production loss. Inability to sell cows and bull calves. Crowding. Diseased cows that healed and did not return to milk (w/o secondary infections; ~ 10 cows)
21 KVI Virus typing 23 Outbreak Location ELISA RT-PCR Vp1 Sequancing Vaccine matching Nir Yitzhak Serotype O Serotype O Serotype O O/EA -3 Topotype ~90% identity to recent isolates in Egypt and Sudan Unavailable Gaza Strip Serotype O Serotype O Serotype O O/EA -3 Topotype ~90% identity to recent isolates in Egypt and Sudan Unavailable
22 Pirbright genotyping 24
23 Pirbright genotyping 25
24 Conclusions Prioritization of Vaccination order (October- November): 10 Km from border. 10 km from exporting dairy factories. Exportation of cattle vaccinated twice to the GS. 26 Vaccine efficacy - poor matching but efficient vaccinaton?
25 Collaboration with the PA 27 Periodical meetings and coordination. Information exchange. Diagnosis in the KVI. FAO visits and workshops.
26 Future challenges 28 Continued collaboration with the PA in the current format: Joined workshops. Active surveillance. Local, regional importance. Importance to the EU.
27 Thanks Acknowledgment Dr. N. Galon. Dr. Michel Bellaiche Prof. Eyal Klement Dr. Boris Gelman KVI & VS workers 29 The FAO / EuFMD.
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