Livestock Wastewater Treatment and Irrigation Simulating with RZWQM Model in China

Transcription

1 Livestock Wastewater Treatment and Irrigation Simulating with RZWQM Model in China WANG Feng Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, P. R. China Dec.12, 213

2 Outline Situation and environmental issue of animal breeding in China Key achievements and success factors involved Advantages Challenges Implications for other countries

3 Developing situation of animal breeding in China Rapid development of animal breeding Gradually increased large-scaled extent Accelerate transformation, from traditional to modern Fig.1 Output Amount of Livestock and Poultry from 1978 to 24 Swine breeding (ZHAO Run,211) Variation trend of output value of animal husbandry from 24 to 21 Large-scaled ratio of animal husbandry from 24 to 21

4 Environmental issue in the development of animal breeding The manure 243 million ton Wastewater 163 million ton COD 12 million ton TN 1million ton TP.16 million ton Random discharge (HUANG Hongkun, 21) Water body contamination (E. Ongley, 21 ) Pollutant sorts Manure Urine COD TN TP Discharge (1 4 tons) Ratio of Ago-source 96% 38% 56% Ratio of national discharge 41.9% 21.7% 37.9% Data from: First Pollution Source Census Bulletin, 21

5 Hazards Water pollution Soils and crops Heavy metal pollution Veterinary drug residues Microorganism pollution

6 Treatment Pattern of Intensive Livestock Wastewater Natural Treatment Can not solve pollution problems in intensive livestock industry A waste of resources Industrialized Treatment To meet Discharge standard of pollutants for livestock and poultry breeding High cost for capital and running Land Irrigation After Anaerobic digestion treatment, Livestock wastewater is used for land irrigation by farmers.

7 Key achievements and success factors involved Tianjin Yililai livestock Breeding Co., Ltd. Located in Yangliuqing Town, Xiqing District, Tianjin Have 6.4 million Yuan assets 19 brick-concrete structured pig pens with complete drinking, feeding, temperature control and breeding facilities, Construction area is 7, m 2 Introduced 6 high-quality pigs once again in 26. In 212, the standing stock is 4,5 and the marketable fattened stock is 12,. Cropping systems: Winter wheat-summer maize rotation

8 Pre-treatment pool Solar warming Breeding farm Waste water Grille Grit Acid hydrolysis tank Anaerobic bioreactor Ecopond Algae filter bed Discharge Produce manure Original water Irrigation Wastewater treatment project technical diagram

9 Anaerobic digesters Eco-pond Wastewater treatment plant Water samples ATS

10 Water qualities Original water Anaerobic water Eco-pond water NO 3- -N NH + 4 -N /mg L -1 /mg L -1 TKN /mg L -1 TP /mg L -1 COD /mg L -1 SS /mg L

11 How to ensure the safe utilization of livestock wastewater for agricultural irrigation after treatment???

12 Treatments Irrigation treatments Irrigation water Irrigation amount (m 3 /ha -1 ) Fertilizer T1 Anaerobic water 83 - T2 Anaerobic water 5 - T3 Anaerobic water 16 - T4 Anaerobic water :ground water=1: T5 Anaerobic water :ground water=1: T6 Origenal water :ground water=1: T7 Eco-pond water :ground water=1: T8 ground water 83 - T9 ground water 83 As traditional contents

13 Digging Waterproof Field plot layout Soil profile Neutron tube

14

15

16 Root Zone Water Quality Model Physical module Chemical module Management operations module RZWQM Nutrient module Crop growth Pesticides module process

17 DSSAT Management Crop growth process module Evapotranspiration process Chemical module Heat conduction Water movement Solute mitigation Nutrient module Pesticides module N uptake Snow melt Day cycle Hour cycle RZWQM simulation of flow

18 The initial running conditions for model Meteorological data during crop growth (daily maximum temperature, minimum temperature, wind speed, daily solar radiation, daily average relative humidity, daily rainfall). Soil basic physical and chemical properties tested before wheat planting, and soil texture, soil temperature in the profile. The irrigation time, irrigation water chemical components, irrigation amount and other agricultural management practices during crop growth.

19 Observations during crop growth Soil samples were collected at the stages of jointing stage, heading stage, post-harvest, respectively, to measure soil nitrate and ammonium contents. Soil moisture was monitered every seven days during wheat and maize growing, and monistered before and after irrigation. Aboveground biomass and yield, nitrogen contents of grain and straw were measured

20 Model Operation

21 Simulation process in this experiment Calibrating with the data of T4 (anaerobic water: groundwater 1:1, 83 m 3 /hm 2 ), adjusting measured and simulation values corresponding ordered by water, nutrient, crop module, Sequentially. Validating with the data of T2 (Anaerobic water, 5 m 3 /hm 2 ) and T5 (Anaerobic water: groundwater 1:5, 83 m 3 /hm 2 ) After the parameters were determined, analyzing and predicting different irrigation patterns to obtain the better one

22 Calibration Process.5.4 1cm 实测值 模拟值.5.4 4cm Water content(cm 3 /cm 3 ) cm 3cm cm 7cm cm Comparison of measured and simulated water contents of T4 (calibration)

23 Calibration Process The statistical index of simulated water contents and measured in different soil depths of T4 (calibration) Soil layer/cm RMSE MRE E Water storage in 9cm soil layer/cm

24 Calibration Process NO 3 -N(mg kg -1 ) 5 1 NO 3 -N(m g kg - 1 ) NO 3 -N(mg kg -1 ) NO 3 -N(mg kg -1 ) Depth (cm) 深度 (cm) 6 实测值 模拟值 深度 (cm) 6 深度 (cm) 6 深度 (cm) Comparison between simulated nitrate-n contents and measured in different soil depths of T4 (calibration) The values of RMSE are mg kg -1 in -2, 2-4, 4-6, 6-8, 8-1cm soil layers separately. The values of E are

25 Validation Process.5.4 1cm 实测值模拟值.5.4 4cm Water content (cm 3 cm -3 ) cm 3cm cm 7cm cm Comparison of measured and simulated water contents of T2 (validation)

26 Validation Process The statistical index about simulated water contents and measured in different soil depths of T2 (validation) Soil layer/cm RMSE MRE E Water storage in 9cm soil layer/cm

27 Validation Process NO 3 -N(mg kg -1 ) NO 3 -N(m g kg - 1) NO 3 -N(m g kg -1 ) NO 3 -N(m g kg -1 ) Depth (cm) 深度 (cm) 6 8 实测值 模拟值 深度 (cm) 6 8 深度 (cm) 6 8 深度 (cm) Comparison between simulated nitrate-n contents and measured in different soil depths of T2 (validation) The values of RMSE are 18.36, 27.8, 27.97, 26.15, mg kg -1 in -2, 2-4, 4-6, 6-8, 8-1cm soil layers separately. The values of E are

28 cm 实测值模拟值 Validation Process.5 4cm Water content (cm 3 cm -3 ) cm 3cm cm 7cm cm Comparison of measured and simulated water contents of T5 (validation)

29 Validation Process The statistical index about simulated water contents and measured in different soil depths of T5 (validation) Soil layer/cm RMSE MRE E Water storage in 9cm soil layer/cm

30 Validation Process NO 3 -N(mg kg -1 ) 5 1 NO 3 -N(mg kg -1 ) 5 1 NO 3 -N(mg kg-1) 5 1 NO 3 -N(mg kg -1 ) Depth (cm) 深度 (cm) 6 8 深度 (cm) 6 8 深度 (cm) 6 8 深度 (cm) Comparison between simulated nitrate-n contents and measured in different soil depths of T5 (validation) The values of RMSE are 13.8, 7.7, 9.2, 11.4, 8.63 mg kg -1 in -2, 2-4, 4-6, 6-8, 8-1cm soil layers separately. The values of E are

31 Validation Process Nitrate-N accumulations in -1 cm soil layers (kg ha -1 ) 实测值 模拟值 处理四 4 处理二处理五 2 小麦拔节期小麦抽穗期小麦收获后玉米收获后小麦拔节期小麦抽穗期小麦收获后玉米收获后 小麦拔节期小麦抽穗期小麦收获后玉米收获后 T4 T2 T5 Comparison between simulated nitrate-n accumulations and measured at -1 cm soil layers

32 Validation Process Comparison between simulated and measured grain yields and biomasses of T4, T2 and T5 Treatments Crop Yield (kg/hm 2 ) Biomass(kg/hm 2 ) RE Measured Simulated Measured Simulated RE T4 (Calibration) T2 (Validation) T5 (Validation) Winter wheat (27-28) Corn (28) Winter wheat (27-28) Corn (28) Winter wheat (27-28) Corn (28)

33 Optimization Process Optimization irrigation pattern for anaerobic water :ground water 1:5 Treatments Winter water Pull water Irrigation amount (cm) Yield (kg/hm 2 ) Winter wheat Heading water Filling water corn Tasseling water Winter wheat corn NO 3- content in -1cm soil layer (kg/hm 2 )

34 Advantages of Land Irrigation pattern Pre-treatment System: High-efficiency: the average COD removal rates after anaerobic digester, eco-pond and ATS bed treatment are 68%, 81% and 85%, respectively. Low-cost: power consumption Yuan (RMB)/ton Farmland Irrigation: Control livestock wastewater pollution, reuse water and nutrients. Increase yield (5625 kg hm -2 of wheat in optimization, and 4467 kg hm -2 in CK), increase the benefit 91 yuan/hm 2 Save fertilizer (27 yuan hm -2 ), Save groundwater (22,m 3 /y)

35 Challenges of Land Irrigation pattern The results still need a long-term field experiment to confirm The pattern was demonstrated in another place, the climate, method of cleaning manure, soil and plant types, ground water lever, etc should be taken into consider. The breeding industry in China is a low-profit industry with high risk (such as the outbreak of avian influenza and epidemic of swine influenza?), so that it is impossible to control the pollution by entirely relying on the enterprise? With regard to the livestock farms with different scales, who are the main objects for subsidies? What are the basis and criteria for subsidies?

36 Implications for other countries Livestock wastewater treatment and reuse to farmland would be referenced by other animal breeding countries. To support the specialized technical serving companies, vocational managers, farmer union, to provide the technical assurance for the farm scheme, clean feeding, environmental control of animal farm, wastes comprehensive utilization, monitoring and evaluation in the whole procedure. Consulting with eco-compensation procedures from EU and other developed countries to research the ecological compensation criteria as well as the running mechanism. To carry out the economic assessment on the key technologies in the focal sectors involved of the source, course and the end.

37 Thanks for your attention!