HUMAN CELL CULTURE Volume VI: Embryonic Stem Cells

Transcription

1 HUMAN CELL CULTURE Volume VI: Embryonic Stem Cells

2 Human Cell Culture Volume 6 The titles published in this series are listed at the end of this volume.

3 Human Cell Culture Volume VI Embryonic Stem Cells edited by John R. Masters University College London, London, UK Bernhard O. Palsson University of California, San Diego, CA, USA and James A. Thomson University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA

4 A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN (HB) ISBN (e-book) Published by Springer, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. Printed on acid-free paper All Rights Reserved 2007 Springer No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work.

5 CONTENTS Preface vii 1. Defined Culture Media for Human Embryonic Stem Cells 1 Tenneille Ludwig and James A. Thomson 2. Generation of Disease-specific Human Embryonic Stem Cell Lines 17 Stephen Minger 3. Characterization and Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells 27 Andrew L. Laslett, Adelia Lin, and Martin F. Pera 4. Genetic Modification of Human Embryonic Stem Cells 41 Thomas P. Zwaka 5. Hematopoietic Differentiation 53 Chantal Cerdan, Veronica Ramos-Mejia, and Mickie Bhatia 6. Neural Differentiation 85 Zhi-Jian Zhang, Jason S. Meyer, and Su-Chun Zhang 7. Germ Cell Differentiation 109 Vanessa T. Angeles and Renee A. Reijo Pera 8. Mesodermal Differentiation 129 Nadav Sharon and Nissim Benvenisty v

6 vi Contents 9. Three-dimensional Culture of Human Embryonic Stem Cells 149 Sharon Gerecht, Jason A. Burdick, Christopher Cannizzaro, and Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic 10. Extraembryonic Cell Differentiation 173 Lyle Armstrong and Majlinda Lako 11. Pancreatic Cell Differentiation 189 Bettina Fishman, Hanna Segev, and Joseph Itskovitz-Eldor 12. Cardiomyocyte Differentiation 211 Dinender K. Singla, Shreeya Jayaraman, Jianhua Zhang, and Timothy J. Kamp 13. Human Embryonal Carcinoma (EC) Cells: Complementary Tools for Embryonic Stem Cell Research 235 Peter D. Tonge and Peter W. Andrews 14. Quality Control of Human Stem Cell Lines 255 Glyn N. Stacey Index 277

7 PREFACE The aim of this volume is to describe methods for culturing human embryonic stem cells and the culture conditions needed to direct these cells to differentiate into specialized cell types. Human embryonic stem cells are potentially capable of differentiation into any other cell type, including endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. Consequently there is a great deal of academic and commercial interest in utilizing these cells in the treatment of a wide variety of medical conditions, as well as certain ethical considerations. The maintenance and differentiation of human embryonic stem cells is the focus of many large programs in cell biology and of many groups wishing to translate their research to the clinic. However, human embryonic stem cells are difficult first to establish in culture and second to maintain in an undifferentiated state. The development and optimization of techniques for growing and maintaining stem cells and for directing them to differentiate along specific cell lineages are crucial to the clinical application of these cells and are the focus of this book. Transplanted organs and tissues are often used to replace those that are diseased or destroyed, but the number of people needing a transplant far exceeds the number of organs available. Pluripotent stem cells offer the possibility of a renewable source of replacement cells and tissues to treat conditions such as Parkinson s and Alzheimer s diseases, spinal cord injury, stroke, burns, heart disease, diabetes, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis. This book deals with human embryonic stem cells and the derivation, maintenance, and differentiation of human adult stem cells will be the subject of the next volume. vii