Comparative study of human induced pluripotent stem cells derived from bone marrow cells, hair keratinocytes and skin fibroblasts

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keratinocytes and skin fibroblasts I have no financial relationships

1 ESC CONGRESS 2012, Munich Comparative study of human induced pluripotent stem cells derived from bone marrow cells, hair keratinocytes and skin fibroblasts I have no financial relationships to disclose Kaomei Guan, PhD Heart Research Center Göttingen Georg-August-University Göttingen

Patient-specific ips cell technology Reprogramming of somatic cells into ips cells: Cell Type Reprogramming: Reprogramming: OSNL or OSKM Keratinocyte Blood cell Plasmids Viruses MSC Skin fibroblast

2 Patient-specific ips cell technology Reprogramming of somatic cells into ips cells: Cell Type Reprogramming: Reprogramming: OSNL or OSKM Keratinocyte Blood cell Plasmids Viruses MSC Skin fibroblast Proteins Small molecules ips cells Functional cardiomyocytes Understanding the pathophysiology of monogenetic and complex diseases Drug screening Development of novel patient-specific therapeutic strategies

3 Unanswered questions which donor cell source would be the best for the generation of hipscs? Are there differences in cardiac differentiation efficiency among ipscs with different origins? Are there functional differences in cardiomyocytes derived from ipscs with different origins?

4 Cell sources used for reprogramming Criteria: Non-invasive for the patient Fast proliferation and easy cultivation Enough cells for reprogramming Easy to be reprogrammed Hair follicles: Keratinocytes -non-invasive -not easy to cultivate Bone marrow aspirate: MSCs Skin biopsies: Fibroblasts -invasive -fast proliferation -mild invasive -fast proliferation

5 Isolation and cultivation of keratinocytes Dispase digestion Transfer hair follicles into culture dish Cultivation for days Outer root sheath cells

6 Isolation and cultivation of mesenchymal stem cells 800g 20 min Plate MN cells into culture dish BM aspirate Ficoll Mononuclear (MN) cells Cultivation for 7 10 days 7 days 10 days Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) 100 µm 100 µm

7 Comparison of three cell sources Plucked hairs (ca. 40) Bone marrow aspirate (10 ml) Skin punch (3.5 4 mm) Age of donors (years) Cell number after x x x 10 5 week cultivation Successful rate 95.7% (n=47) 100% (n=18) 100% (n=5)

8 Lentivirus system used for generation of ips cells STEMCCA Human EF1a-OCT4-SOX2-KLF4-cMYC 1 virus Kotton s Lab, 2010

9 Scheme of the reprogramming procedures 3x10 4 Keras 3x10 4 MSCs or 2x10 4 FBs Infection with virus Removal of virus Seeding on MEFs in Kera-, MSC- or FB-medium 1:2-1:4 (Keras) 1:4-1:6 (MSCs) 1:6-1:8 (FBs) Changing to hesc medium ipsc colonies appear day -1/-2 day 0 day 1 day 6 day 7-14 day 29-35

10 Reprogramming efficiency of different somatic cells MSCs and fibroblasts are easier to be reprogramed than keratinocytes Streckfuß-Bömeke et al., Euro Heart J 2012

11 Proof of pluripotency --- ALP staining Somatic cells hips cells ALP

12 Proof of pluripotency --- Expression of pluripotency markers OCT4 NANOG LIN28 SOX2 GAPDH OCT4 NANOG LIN28 SOX2 GAPDH OCT4 NANOG LIN28 SOX2 GAPDH

13 Developmental programming and reprogramming Gene switched on : Active (open) chromatin: Acetylation of H3 at lysine 9 Methylation of H3 at lysine 4 Unmethylated CpGs Gene switched off : Silent (condensed) chromatin: Histone Deacetylation Methylation of H3 at lysine 9 and 27 Methylated CpGs

14 Proof of pluripotency --- DNA demethylation Kera MSC FB Kera-iPSC MSC-iPSC FB-iPSC HES OCT4 NANOG 100% 50% 0% Streckfuß-Bömeke et al., Euro Heart J 2012

15 Kera-iPS MSC-iPS hescs Proof of pluripotency --- Expression of pluripotency markers OCT4 SOX2 SSEA4 TRA-1-60 Streckfuß-Bömeke et al., Euro Heart J 2012

16 Proof of pluripotency --- Teratoma formation Mesoderm Mesoderm Endoderm Ectoderm

In vitro differentiation of ips cells Marker ips d8 +4 +8 +12

17 In vitro differentiation of ips cells Marker ips d MEF T Nkx2.5 a-mhc ctnt MLC2V AFP Albumin Synap. TH GAPDH

n=6 n=8 n=5 n=6 n=7 n=7 EBs containing beat cardiomyocytes (%) Cardiac differentiation of ips cells 40 30 20 10 * *** * *** * * Kera-iPSCs MSC-iPSCs FB-iPSCs HES03 Beating

18 n=6 n=8 n=5 n=6 n=7 n=7 EBs containing beat cardiomyocytes (%) Cardiac differentiation of ips cells * *** * *** * * Kera-iPSCs MSC-iPSCs FB-iPSCs HES03 Beating cardiomyocytes 0 p8-12 p16-20 p15-20 Cardiac differentiation efficiency: -higher in MSC-iPSC lines compared to Kera- or FB-iPSC lines Streckfuß-Bömeke et al., Euro Heart J 2012

19 Cardiac differentiation of ips cells a-actinin Cx43 a-actinin/cx43 ctnt MF20 No difference regarding sarcomeric striations in cardiomyocytes derived from all three origins Streckfuß-Bömeke et al., Euro Heart J 2012

20 Action potentials of ips-derived cardiomyocytes Pacemaker-like Ventricle-like 0 mv 0 mv 40 mv 2 s Atrial-like 200 ms 40 mv 4 s Purkinje-like 200 ms 0 mv 0 mv 40 mv 4 s 200 ms 40 mv 4 s 200 ms Intermediate All four major AP types were found in cardiomyocytes derived from MSC-, Kera- and FB-iPS cells 0 mv No significant differences of AP parameters among cardiomyocytes from MSC-, Keraand FB-iPS cells 40 mv 4 s 200 ms Streckfuß-Bömeke et al., Euro Heart J 2012

Intracellular Ca 2+ fluctuations in ips-derived cardiomyocytes 2.5 F/F 2.5 0 F/F 0 180210 spark 180210 200 msspark 5 µm µm 200 ms 1 s 1s + 10 mm Caffeine 2.5 F/F 0 0 2.

21 Intracellular Ca 2+ fluctuations in ips-derived cardiomyocytes 2.5 F/F F/F spark msspark 5 µm µm 200 ms 1 s 1s + 10 mm Caffeine 2.5 F/F F/F 0 5 µm 5 µm 200 ms 200 ms 5 F/F F/F 0 5 F/F 0 5 F/F 0 5 µm 5 µm 1s 1 s No significant differences regarding spontaneous Ca 2 + transient amplitudes and frequencies as well as Ca 2 + spark frequencies and amplitudes among cardiomyocytes derived from hipscs with different cell origins. Streckfuß-Bömeke et al., Euro Heart J 2012

22 Generation of artificial myocardium from ips cells DL EGFP

23 Twitch tension (µn) 100 µn 100 µn Rhythmically beating and force generating EHT a-actin a-actinin mm Ca 2+ + Iso 1 µm 0.4 mm Ca [Calcium] in mm 0.2 mm Ca ms 500 ms Streckfuß-Bömeke et al., Euro Heart J 2012

24 Summary 1. Human ips cells can be generated from keratinocytes, MSCs, and fibroblasts with different advantages and disadvantages. 2. MSCs and fibroblasts are easier to be reprogrammed than keratinocytes. 3. All generated ips cells can differentiate into cardiomyocytes with efficiencies ranging from 10-41%, but highest in MSC-iPS cells. 4. Cardiomyocytes generated from ips cells with different cell origin show structurally and functionally comparable properties. 5. Rhythmically beating and force producing EHTs can be generated.

25 Acknowledgement Heart Research Center Göttingen Dept. Cardiology and Pneumology Gerd Hasenfuß Katrin Streckfuß-Bemöke Frieder Wolf Simin Chen Michael Stauske Jörg Jende Anke Cierpka Yvonne Hintz Sandra Georgi Yvonne Wiegräfe Daniela Hübscher Stefan Wagner Azadeh Azizian Thomas Sowa Lars Maier Collaborators Pharmacology, Göttingen, M Tiburcy, WH Zimmermann, Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Göttingen, Ralf Dressel Hematology and Oncology, Göttingen, Gerald Wulf Dermatology, Göttingen, M. P. Schön, V. Lorenz

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION DOI: 10.1038/ncb2239 Hepatocytes (Endoderm) Foreskin fibroblasts (Mesoderm) Melanocytes (Ectoderm) +Dox rtta TetO CMV O,S,M,K & N H1 hes H7 hes H9 hes H1 hes-derived EBs H7 hes-derived EBs H9 hes-derived