Advances in Biochemical Engineering / Biotech nology

Transcription

1 61 Advances in Biochemical Engineering / Biotech nology Managing Editor: T. Scheper Editorial Board: W. Babel. H. W. Blanch. C.L. Cooney S.-O. Enfors 9 K.-E.L. Eriksson 9 A. Fiechter A.M. Klibanov 9 B. Mattiasson 9 S.B. Primrose H.J. Rehm. P.L. Rogers- H. Sahm. K. Schiigerl G. T. Tsao. K. Venkat 9 J. Villadsen U. yon Stockar 9 C. Wandrey

2 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York Barcelona Budapest Hong Kong London Milan Paris Santa Clara Singapore Tokyo

3 Biotechnology of Extremophiles Volume Editor: G. Antranikian With contributions by G. Antranikian, M. Ciaramella, M. S. da Costa, E. A. Galinski, R. Ladenstein, S. Maloney, V. T. Marteinsson, M. Moracci, R. Miiller, ]. van der Oost, E M. Pisani, D. Prieur, N. ]. Russell, M. Rossi, H. Santos, R. Sharp, W. M. de Vos ~ Springer

4 This series represents critical reviews on the present and future trends in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology, including microbiology, genetics, biochemistry, chemistry, computer science and chemical engineering. It is adressed to all scientists at universities and in industry who wish to keep up-to-date in this extremly fast developing area of science. In general, special volumes are dedicated to selected topics and are edited by well known guest editors. The managing editor and publisher will however always be pleased to receive suggestions and supplementary information. Manuscripts are accepted in English. In references Advances in Biochemical EngineeringJBiotechnology is abbreviated as Adv. Biochem. Engin./Biotechnol. as a journal. ISSN ISBN Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York Library of Congress Catalog Card Number This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. 9 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1998 Printed in Germany The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Typesetting: Fotosatz-Service K6hler OHG, Wfirzburg Cover: Design & Production, Heidelberg SPIN: / Printed on acid-free paper

5 Managing Editor Professor Dr. T. Scheper Institute of Technical Chemistry University of Hannover Callinstrafle 3 D Hannover / FRG E-maih scheper@mbox.iftc, uni-hannover.de Volume Editor Professor Dr. G. Antranikian Technische Universit/it Hamburg-Harburg Arbeitsbereich 2-09 Denickestrafle 15 D Hamburg / FRG E-maih antranikian@tu-harburg.d4oo.de Editorial Board Prof. Dr. W. Babel Section of Environmental Microbiology Leipzig-Halle GmbH Permoserstrafle 15 D Leipzig/FRG E-maih babel@umb, ufz.de Prof. Dr. C.L. Cooney Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 25 Ames Street, Room Cambridge, MA /USA E-maih ccooney@mit.edu Prof. Dr. K.-E. L. Eriksson Center for Biological Resource Recovery The University of Georgia A214 Life Science Building Athens, GA /USA eriksson@uga.cc.uga.edu Prof. Dr. A. M. Klibanov Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA 02139/USA E-maih klibanov@mit.edu Prof. Dr. H.W. Blanch Department of Chemical Engineering University of California Berkely, CA ~USA E-maih blanch@socrates.berkeley.edu Prof. Dr. S.-O. Enfors Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology Royal Institute of Technology Teknikringen 34, S Stockholm/Sweden E-maih olle@biochem.kth.se Prof. Dr. A. Fiechter Institute of Biotechnology Eidgen6ssische Technische Hochschule ETH-H6nggerberg CH-8093 Zfirich/Switzerland Prof. Dr. B. Mattiasson Department of Biotechnology Chemical Center, Lund University P.O. Box 124, S Lund/Sweden bo.mattiasson@biotek.lu.se

6 VI Prof. Dr. S. B. Primrose 21 Amersham Road High Wycombe Bucks HP 13 6QS/UK Prof. Dr. E L. Rogers Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Life Sciences The University of New South Wales Sydney 2052/Australia E-maih p.rogers@unsw.edu.au Prof. Dr. K. Schfigerl Institute of Technical Chemistry University of Hannover Callinstrafle 3, D Hannover/FRG E-maih schuegerl@mbox.iftc.uni-hannover.de Dr. K. Venkat Phyton Incorporation 125 Langmuir Lab. 95 Brown Road Ithaca, NY /USA E-maih venkat@clarityconnect.com Prof. Dr. U. von Stockar Laboratoire de G~nie Chimique et Biologique (LGCB) D~partment de Chimie Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne CH Lausanne/Switzerland E-maih stockar@igc.dc.epfl.ch Editorial Board Prof. Dr. H.J. Rehm Institute of Microbiology Westf~lische Wilhelms-Universit~t Mfinster Correnstr, 3, D Mfinster/FRG Prof. Dr. H. Sahm Institute of Biotechnolgy Forschungszentrum Jfilich GmbH D Jfilich/FRG E-maih h.sahm@kfa-juelich.de Prof. Dr. G. T. Tsao Director Lab. of Renewable Resources Eng. A.A. Potter Eng. Center Purdue University West Lafayette, IN 47907/USA tsaogt@ecn.purdue.edu Prof. Dr. J. Villadsen Department of Biotechnology Technical University of Denmark Bygning 223 DK-2800 Lyngby/Denmark Prof. Dr. C.Wandrey Institute of Biotechnology Forschungszentrum Jfilich GmbH D Jiilich/FRG E-maih c.wandrey@fz-juelich.de

7 Attention all "Enzyme Handbook" Users: Information on this handbook can be found via the internet at At no charge you can download the complete volume indexes Volumes 1 through 13 from the Springer www server at the above mentioned URL. Just click on the volume you are interested in and receive the list of enzymes according to their EC-numbers.

8 Preface The number of studies on extremophilic microorganisms has grown exponentially in the last few years. These exotic organisms (extremophiles) are adapted to living at 100 ~ in volcanic springs, at low temperatures in the cold polar seas, at high pressure in the deep sea, at very low and high ph values (ph 0-1 or ph ), or at very high salt concentrations (35 %). Recent developments clearly show that cell components of extremophilic archaea and bacteria are unique and deliver a valuable source of new biocatalysts and compounds. Since many industrial enzymes are required to function under extreme conditions, there is also a considerable commercial pressure to discover stable biocatalysts in modern biotechnology. Extremophiles and their cell components, therefore, are expected to play an important role in the chemical, food, pharmaceutical, paper and textile industries as well as environmental biotechnology. In this special issue, review articles summarize the most outstanding features of hyperthermophilic, psychrophilic, barophilic and halophilic microorganisms. Further articles cover the protein structure and molecular biology of these exotic microorganisms. In addition, the potential applications of extremophiles are reviewed, including the production of enzymes, compatible solutes and the use of these extremophiles in the degradation of xenobiotics. I am particularly indebted to the authors for their valuable contributions and to the publishers for their cooperation. Hamburg, November 1997 Prof. Dr. G. Antranikian

9 Contents Molecular Adaptations in Psychrophilic Bacteria: Potential for Biotechnological Applications N. ]. Russell... Prokaryotes Living Under Elevated Hydrostatic Pressure D. Prieur, V. T. Marteinsson... Proteins from Hyperthermophiles: Stability and Enzymatic Catalysis Close to the Boiling Point of Water R. Ladenstein, G. Antranikian... Molecular Biology of Hyperthermophilic Archaea J. van der Oost, M. Ciaramella, M. Moracci, F. M. Pisani, M. Rossi, W. M. de Vos... An Overview of the Role and Diversity of Compatible Solutes in Bacteria and Archaea M. S. da Costa, H. Santos, E. A. Galinski... Thermophilic Degradation of Environmental Pollutants R. Mtiller, G. Antranikian, S. Maloney, R. Sharp... Author Index Volumes Subject Index