ASHRAE 90.2 Kuwait What Can be Learned From It?

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Doris Caldwell
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1 ASHRAE 90.2 Kuwait What Can be Learned From It? Prof. Walid Chakroun Kuwait University Sixth "Zayed Seminar" on Green Economy: Success Stories from the GCC May 8-9, 2013

2 Today s building designs mortgage our energy future.

Why Are Buildings So Important? World total energy consumption is expected to increase as high as 50 percent in less than a decade. 40% of U.S. Primary Energy Consumption Buildings are responsible for 38% of total energy use that figure increases to up to 70% in some countries.

3 Why Are Buildings So Important? World total energy consumption is expected to increase as high as 50 percent in less than a decade. 40% of U.S. Primary Energy Consumption Buildings are responsible for 38% of total energy use that figure increases to up to 70% in some countries. Source: 2007 Buildings Energy Data Book. Tables 1.1.3, 1.2.3,

4 Fastest Growing Energy Sector Industrial Transportation Buildings Total 30 Quads Year Source: EIA Annual Energy Review, Tables 2.1b-2.1f., June 2007

5 Building Energy Efficiency is the single most important opportunity for reducing greenhouse gas emissions ( ASHRAE President Kent Peterson) is the fastest-growing success story of the last 50 years (American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy)

6 ASHRAE Standards ASHRAE had existing standards for residential and commercial buildings, for residential and commercial ventilation requirements and others

7 Standard 90.2 The purpose of this standard is to provide minimum requirements for the energy-efficient design of residential buildings.

8 Standard 90.1 Recently established by U.S. Department of Energy as the commercial building reference standard for state building energy codes. States must certify compliance by October 2013 DOE determined 18.5% less building energy use than 2007 standard It was determined to be 30% less building energy use than 2004 standard

buildings Addresses energy, impact on the atmosphere, sustainable

9 Green Building Standard Published in January 2010 Serves as benchmark for sustainable green buildings does not apply to all buildings Addresses energy, impact on the atmosphere, sustainable sites, water use, materials and resources and IEQ

12 ASHRAE 90.2 Kuwait Energy-Efficient Design of Low-Rise Residential Buildings in Kuwait Case Study

13 The Kuwaiti Government Needed: A comprehensive residential building energy efficiency standard in response to a growing residential energy need A standard that covered the building design and all of its components, including air conditioning and ventilation air

14 Requirements The ministry requested a standard for use with residential houses Written in simple code language To be developed within six months To be a stand alone standard

15 The Solution 1. In late 2009, a group of ASHRAE members from the United States and Kuwait University came together to create a version of ASHRAE Standard to take into account the differences between existing standards and the needs of Kuwait 2. Existing Kuwaiti building and energy requirement related documents were reviewed, and an outline of the requirements for the new standard was developed

16 The Solution 3. The appropriate sections of the various existing standards were identified and pulled together to form an outline of a 90.2 Kuwait standard 4. The outline was then further tailored and filled in to meet the needs of the Kuwait residential construction market 5. Specific new materials were developed for the Kuwait standard, such as the requirement for creating a positive pressure environment to control the infiltration of dust

17 The Solution 6. Upon completion of a first public review draft, it was presented to, and discussed with, a group of Ministry of Energy and Water engineers

18 The Solution 7. Their input was then factored into a revision of the draft standard, and it was again presented to, and discussed with, a second group of Ministry of Energy and Water engineers 8. Input from the second review was then factored into the final ASHRAE Standard 90.2 Kuwait

19 The Results ASHRAE Standard 90.2 Kuwait was then published in March 2010, and subsequently presented to the Kuwait Ministry of Energy and Water The project was so successful that the ministry is considering more cooperation with ASHRAE on modifying the school and hospital design guidelines developed earlier by ASHRAE to suit Kuwait.

20 ASHRAE 90.2 Kuwait Energy-Efficient Design of Low-Rise Residential Buildings in Kuwait

21 ASHRAE 90.2 Kuwait Energy-Efficient Design of Low-Rise Residential Buildings in Kuwait

Definitions, Abbreviations, Acrony ms, and

7) Indoor Environmental Quality 8) Lighting

25 Standard 90.2 Kuwait Content 1) Purpose 2) Scope 3) Definitions, Abbreviations, Acrony ms, and Symbols 4) Administration and Enforcement 5) Building Envelope Requirements 6) Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning 7) Indoor Environmental Quality 8) Lighting 9) Climatic Data Normative Appendix A Rated R- value of Insulation and Assembly U-Factor, C-Factor, and F-Factor Determinations Informative Appendix B HVAC and Ventilation Systems

26 2.) Scope This standard provides minimum energyefficiency requirements for the design and construction of: a. new residential dwelling units and their systems b. where explicitly specified: 1. new portions of residential dwelling units and their systems 2. new systems and equipment in existing dwelling units

27 4.) Administration and Enforcement Scope Administrative Requirements Compliance Paths Compliance Documentation

28 5.) Building Envelope Requirements Roof Insulation Above-grade Wall Insulation Below-Grade Wall Insulation Floor Insulation Fenestration and Doors

29 Opaque Elements Table 5.1 Building Envelope Requirements - IP (SI) Units Residential Conditioned Residential Unconditioned Opague Elements Assembly Maximum Insulation Min R-Value Assembly Maximum Insulation Min R-Value Roofs Insulation Entirely Above Deck (Cont. Ins.) U (0.273) R-20 (3.5) C.I. U (0.527) R-10.0 (1.8) C.I. Walls, Above-Grade Mass (Continuous Insulation) U (0.453) R-13.3 (2.3) C.I. U (0.592) R-9.5 (1.7) C.I. Walls, Below-Grade C (0.678) R-7.5 (1.3) C.I. C-1.14 (6.473) NR Floors OR Mass U (0.496) R-8.3 (1.5) C.I. U (0.780) R-4.2 (0.7) C.I. Steel-Joist U (0.296) R-19.0 (3.3) U (0.296) R-19.0 (3.3) Wood-Framed and Other U (0.188) R-30.0 (5.3) U (0.288) R-19.0 (3.3) Slab-On-Grade-Floors F (0.90) R-15 (2.6) for 24 in (60 cm) F-0.73 (1.263) NR Opague Doors All Assemblies U-0.5 (2.839) U-0.5 (2.839) Fenestration Assembly Maximum U Assembly Maximum SHGC Assembly Maximum U Assembly Maximum SHGC Vertical Glazing, 0%-30% of Wall All Assemblies U-0.47 (2.668) SHGC-0.25 U-0.65 (3.695) NR Skylight with Curb, Glass, % of Roof 0%-3.0% all types U-0.75 (4.259) SHGC-0.35 U-1.8 (10.22) SHGC-0.35

30 6.) Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning New Buildings Additions to Existing Buildings Alterations to Ventilating and Air-Conditioning in Existing Building Equipment Efficiencies, Verification, and Labeling Requirements Minimum Equipment Ventilation and Air Conditioning System Construction and Insulation

31 TABLE 6.4 Electrically Operated Air Conditioners, and Packaged Units - Efficiency Requirements Equipment Type (a) Air Conditioners, Air Cooled Size Category (IP) Size Category (SI) Heating Section Type Sub- Category or Rating Condition (IP) Cooling Efficiency <65,000 Btu/h <19 kw Electric Split 7.23 EER or > 65,000 Btu/h and <135,000Btu/h 135,000 Btu/h and <240,000 Btu/h 240,000 Btu/h and <760,000 Btu/h 19 kw and <40 kw 40 kw and <70 kw 70 kw and <223 kw 7.06 EER or > 7.06 EER or > 6.52 EER or > 760,000 Btu/h 223 kw 6.22 EER or > Through-the-Wall, Air Cooled 30,000 Btu/h 8.8 kw 6.67 EER or > Small Duct, High- Velocity, Air Cooled <65,000 Btu/h <19 kw a - All units shall operate continously at 125F (52C). Resistance (or None) System and Single Package Split Systems 6.67 EER or > (SI) Cooling Efficiency 1.66 kw/ton or < 1.70 kw/ton or < 1.70 kw/ton or < 1.84 kw/ton or < 1.93 kw/ton or < 1.80 kw/ton or < 1.80 kw/ton or < Test Conditions 118.4/80/67 F (IP) 48/26.6/19.4 C (SI) Test Procedure ARI 210/240 ARI 340/360 ARI 210/240

32 Air Conditioner System Performance Capacity vs. Outdoor Temperature Unit Capacity - Btu/h (000s) Outdoor Temperature - F

33 Air Conditioner System Performance 7 Power vs. Outdoor Temperature 6.5 Unit Power - kw Outdoor Temperature - F

34 Air Conditioner System Performance EER vs. Outdoor Temperature 16 Unit EER - Btu/Whr Outdoor Temperature - F

35 Air Conditioner System Performance kw/ton vs. Outdoor Temperature 2.1 Unit Performance - kw/ton Outdoor Temperature - F

36 7.) Indoor Environmental Quality Whole-Building Ventilation Local Exhaust Minimum Filtration Air-Moving Equipment Noise Level

37 8.) Lighting Installed Interior Lighting Power

38 9.) Climatic Data Geographical Data Extreme Recorded Conditions Design Conditions

39 House / AC Unit Performance Temperature - C Heat Flow - Watts Outdoor Temperature Indoor Temperature am Time of Day pm

40 House / AC Unit Performance Temperature - C Heat Flow - Watts Outdoor Temperature A/C Unit Capacity Indoor Temperature am Time of Day pm

41 House / AC Unit Performance Temperature - C Heat Flow - Watts Outdoor Temperature House Load Indoor Temperature am Time of Day pm

42 House / AC Unit Performance Temperature - C Heat Flow - Watts Outdoor Temperature House Load A/C Unit Capacity Indoor Temperature am Time of Day pm

43 Questions/Discussion

Relevant ASHRAE and International Standards and Codes for Building

Relevant ASHRAE and International Standards and Codes for Building Prof. Walid Chakroun, DRC, RAL ASHRAE Engineering the World We Live In Road to Climate Friendly Chillers - Moving Beyond CFCS and HCFCS