NC ECC Commercial Training June 2011

Transcription

1 Mathis Consulting Company North Carolina Energy Conservation Code: Commercial Prescriptive Provisions Mathis Consulting Company Building Solutions Chris Mathis 100+ Years of Experience as Building Scientists, Builders, and Educators 4 Terms on the IECC Code Development Committee On IgCC Development Committee Principal Investigator for the NC ECC ASHRAE Distinguished Lecturer, Instrumental in Development of 90.1 Today s Learning Goals Commercial Compliance with the NC Energy Conservation Code Common Compliance Problems Best Practices for Professionals NC ECC Priorities Building Envelope HVAC Lighting Service Water Heating Energy Use in the US Buildings > 40% Industrial 32% Transportation 28% 5 Source: EIA 2007 MC2, NC SEO, PNNL, ARRA 1

2 The Rate of Change Commercial Energy Consumption by Fuel Source: EIA 2006 from CBECS 2003 Data Source: EIA 2005 Electricity Sources Electricity Generation in US Hydro 6.5% Renewables 2.3% Nuclear 19.3% Coal 49.7% Fossil Fuels 71.4% Coal, natural gas, petroleum Natural Gas 18.7% Petroleum 3% Source: EIA 2007 Source: EIA 2007 All This Context Means Increasing demand for improved energy efficiency in buildings Increasing demand for compliance with conservation standards. Increasing demand to improve the minimum efficiency requirements of conservation standards. What is the NC ECC? A Code Written in mandatory language A Guide For achieving minimum energy efficiency A Starting Point For any sustainability objectives MC2, NC SEO, PNNL, ARRA 2

3 Disclaimer Structure of the NC ECC Cannot do a week long workshop on the Commercial code provisions in a day Focusing on Priorities Scope, General Structure Basic Prescriptive Requirements Structure of Performance Compliance Chapter 1 General, Scope, Documents Chapter 2 Definitions Chapter 3 Climate Zones Chapter 4 Residential Chapter 5 Commercial Chapter 6 Referenced Standards Appendices Structure of the NC ECC Chapter 1 General, Scope, Documents Chapter 2 Definitions Chapter 3 Climate Zones Chapter 4 Residential Chapter 5 Commercial Chapter 6 Referenced Standards Appendices Structure of the NC ECC Chapter 1 General, Scope, Documents Chapter 2 Definitions Chapter 3 Climate Zones Chapter 4 Residential Chapter 5 Commercial Chapter 6 Referenced Standards Appendices Chapter 1 - Administration 101 Scope and General Requirements 102 Materials, Systems and Equipment 103 Alternate Materials and Methods 104 Construction Documents Chapter 1 - Administration 101 Scope and General Requirements 102 Materials, Systems and Equipment 103 Alternate Materials and Methods 104 Construction Documents MC2, NC SEO, PNNL, ARRA 3

4 Sections What is Regulated? New buildings and their systems New portions of buildings and their systems (additions) New systems and equipment in existing buildings (alterations) Change in occupancy that increase energy use 101.2,.5 - Scope, Compliance Building? 101.3,.6 - Integration Residential, Chapter 4 Commercial, Chapter 5 This code works with other codes, agencies, and licensing organizations. Buildings must comply with all applicable regulations, not necessarily listed here Existing Buildings Historic Buildings Additions, Alterations, Repairs Occupancy Change in Occupancy Mixed occupancy MC2, NC SEO, PNNL, ARRA 4

5 Chapter 1 - Administration 101 Scope and General Requirements 102 Materials, Systems and Equipment 103 Alternate Materials and Methods 104 Construction Documents Section , Insulation Labeling Fenestration Product Rating 102.2,.3 - Installation and Maintenance Installation according to manufacturer s instructions and the IBC Maintenance instructions shall be furnished Chapter 1 - Administration 101 Scope and General Requirements 102 Materials, Systems and Equipment Alternate Materials and Methods The code official has the final say approving design strategies not specifically covered in the code. 103 Alternate Materials and Methods 104 Construction Documents MC2, NC SEO, PNNL, ARRA 5

6 Chapter 1 - Administration Section Construction Documents 101 Scope and General Requirements 102 Materials, Systems and Equipment 103 Alternate Materials and Methods 104 Construction Documents Insulation materials and R-values Window U-factors and SHGC System specs Duct insulation and sealing details Air sealing details Load calculations Chapter 1 Matters! Exemptions Required documents and records What gets inspected Building types covered MC2, NC SEO, PNNL, ARRA 6

7 MC2, NC SEO, PNNL, ARRA 7

8 Structure of the NC ECC Chapter 2 - Definitions Chapter 1 General, Scope, Documents Chapter 2 Definitions Chapter 3 Climate Zones Chapter 4 Residential Chapter 5 Commercial Chapter 6 Referenced Standards Appendices The code treats defined terms carefully. Example: CONDITIONED SPACE. An area or room within a building being heated or cooled, containing uninsulated ducts, or with a fixed opening directly into an adjacent conditioned space. Chapter 2 - Definitions The code treats defined terms carefully. Example: BUILDING THERMAL ENVELOPE. The basement walls, exterior walls, floor, roof, and any other building element that enclose conditioned space. This boundary also includes the boundary between conditioned space and any exempt or unconditioned space. Chapter 2 - Definitions The code treats defined terms carefully. Example: STANDARD REFERENCE DESIGN. A version of the proposed design that meets the minimum requirements of this code and is used to determine the maximum annual energy use requirement for compliance based on total building performance. Structure of the NC ECC Chapter 3 Climate Zones Chapter 1 General, Scope, Documents Chapter 2 Definitions Chapter 3 Climate Zones Chapter 4 Residential Chapter 5 Commercial Chapter 6 Referenced Standards Appendices MC2, NC SEO, PNNL, ARRA 8

9 North Carolina Climate Zones Zone 5 Zone 4 Zone 3 Climate Zone Sister Cities Questions on the Administrative Chapters? Climate Zone 3 Atlanta, GA Dallas, TX Oakland, CA Tulsa, OK Climate Zone 4 Washington, DC St. Louis, MO New York, NY Philadelphia, PA Climate Zone 5 Denver, CO Buffalo, NY Detroit, MI Reno, NV Priorities for Professionals Envelope is critical One chance to get it right Determines equipment sizing Minimum requirements based on life cycle cost Life cycle considerations dictate code revisions in all major codes NC ECC MC2, NC SEO, PNNL, ARRA 9

10 Structure of the NC ECC Structure of Chapter 5 Chapter 1 General, Scope, Documents Chapter 2 Definitions Chapter 3 Climate Zones Chapter 4 Residential Chapter 5 Commercial Chapter 6 Referenced Standards Appendices 501 General 502 Building Envelope Requirements 503 Building Mechanical Systems 504 Service Water Heating 505 Electrical Power and Lighting Systems 506 Total Building Performance 501.1,.2 - Scope and Application Chapter 5 applies to Commercial buildings, including high-rise Residential ASHRAE 90.1 is an alternative compliance path. Within Chapter 5, either a Prescriptive or Performance path is required to meet this code. Section General Compliance Paths Prescriptive Performance Structure of Chapter 5 Envelope Compliance 501 General 502 Building Envelope Requirements 503 Building Mechanical Systems 504 Service Water Heating 505 Electrical Power and Lighting Systems 506 Total Building Performance Building System Envelope HVAC SWH Power Lighting Mandatory Provisions (required for most compliance options) Compliance Options Prescriptive Option Trade Off Option Energy Cost Budget Energy Code Compliance Other Simplified January 10, MC2, NC SEO, PNNL, ARRA 10

11 Building Envelope First! Critical to initial and long term performance Insulation Windows Air Sealing Moisture Control Defines Equipment Size Defining Envelope, Conditioned Space Table Opaque Requirements Roofs Walls Above/Below Grade Metal Buildings CONDITIONED SPACE. An area or room within a building being heated or cooled, containing uninsulated ducts, or with a fixed opening directly into an adjacent conditioned space. Façade of Proximity Hotel, Greensboro, NC Floors + Slabs Ratings Specify R-values for wall-, floor-, and roof assemblies U-factor / SHGC for fenestration Prescriptive Tables Format MC2, NC SEO, PNNL, ARRA 11

12 NC ECC R-Value Prescriptive Tables Format Prescriptive Tables Format Assemblies: Roofs Walls Floors Climate Zones Some Combinations Have No Minimum Minimum R-Values Commercial Above Deck Minimum Insulation (ci) Solar Panels on the Rooftop of the Proximity Hotel, Greensboro, NC North Carolina Climate Zone MC2, NC SEO, PNNL, ARRA 12

13 NC ECC R-Value NC ECC R-Value Commercial Metal Building Roof Minimum Insulation North Carolina Climate Zone Commercial Attic Minimum Insulation North Carolina Climate Zone MC2, NC SEO, PNNL, ARRA 13

14 NC ECC R-Value Commercial Mass Wall Minimum Insulation (ci) North Carolina Climate Zone MC2 Mathis Consulting Company MC2, NC SEO, PNNL, ARRA 14

15 NC ECC R-Values NC ECC R-Values Commercial Metal Building Wall Minimum Insulation nd Cavity Batt 1st Perpendicular Batt North Carolina Climate Zones Commercial Metal Frame Wall Minimum Insulation Continuous Insulation Cavity Fill North Carolina Climate Zones MC2, NC SEO, PNNL, ARRA 15

16 NC ECC R-Value 25 Commercial Wood Frame Wall Minimum Insulation Continuous Insulation Cavity Fill North Carolina Climate Zones Below Grade Walls are Not Rated for Climate Zones 3-5 in the NC ECC 2009 MC2, NC SEO, PNNL, ARRA 16

17 NC ECC R-Value NC ECC R-Value Commercial Mass Floor Minimum Insulation (ci) North Carolina Climate Zone 35 Commercial Floor Joist Minimum Insulation North Carolina Climate Zone Unheated Slabs are Not Rated in NC ECC 2009 Chapter 5 MC2, NC SEO, PNNL, ARRA 17

18 NC ECC R-Value 20 Commercial Heated Slab Minimum Insulation Insulate Slab Edges North Carolina Climate Zone Installation Matters! Installation Matters! Code compliance with these opaque provisions is dependent on: Material ratings Proper installation Even the best insulations are non-codecompliant when installed improperly! MC2, NC SEO, PNNL, ARRA 18

19 Installation Matters! Installation Matters! Professional Priorities Questions on the Opaque Requirements? Proper insulations for each assembly. Proper installation of the insulation Materials and systems labeled and identified for the code official Fenestration Envelope Compliance Building System Compliance Options Envelope Prescriptive Option HVAC SWH Mandatory Provisions (required for most compliance options) Trade Off Option Energy Code Compliance Power Lighting Energy Cost Budget Other Simplified January 10, MC2, NC SEO, PNNL, ARRA 19

20 Fenestration Criteria apply to fenestration: including windows, glass doors, glass block, plastic panels, and skylights Compliance Maximum U-factors in table Maximum SHGC in table Use NFRC ratings MC2, NC SEO, PNNL, ARRA 20

21 Section Fenestration Fenestration Area Component CZ 3 CZ 4 CZ 5 Non-Metal Frames U-0.65 U-0.40 U-0.35 Metal Frames Curtain Wall/Storefront Metal Frames All Other U-0.60 U-0.50 U-0.45 U-0.65 U-0.55 U-0.55 SHGC (PF < 0.25) Total vertical fenestration area to be 40% of gross wall area Including both fixed and operable vertical fenestration Total skylight area to be 3% of gross roof area Including glass and plastic skylights Glass Skylights U-0.90 U-0.60 U-0.60 Skylight SHGC Window Heat Loss Window Heat Loss U-factor Defined U-FACTOR (THERMAL TRANSMITTANCE). The coefficient of heat transmission (air to air) through a building component or assembly, equal to the time rate of heat flow per unit area and unit temperature difference between the warm side and cold side air films (Btu/h ft 2 OF) [W/(m 2 K)]. Range of Window U-Factors Heat Loss Comfort Heating Energy Al SG Typical MC2, NC SEO, PNNL, ARRA 21

22 NC ECC U-Factor Room-Side Surface Temperature (0F outside) Winter Comfort Section Maximum U-factor Insulated Wall LSLE HSLE Triple Double Component CZ 3 CZ 4 CZ 5 Non-Metal Frames U-0.65 U-0.40 U-0.35 Metal Frames Curtain Wall/Storefront Metal Frames All Other U-0.60 U-0.50 U-0.45 U-0.65 U-0.55 U Single SHGC (PF < 0.25) Glass Skylights U-0.90 U-0.60 U-0.60 Skylight SHGC Commercial Fenestration Non-Metal Minimum Maximum Insulation U-Factor 0.65 Window Heat Gain North Carolina Climate Zone Window Heat Gain SHGC Defined SOLAR HEAT GAIN COEFFICIENT (SHGC). The ratio of the solar heat gain entering the space through the fenestration assembly to the incident solar radiation. Solar heat gain includes directly transmitted solar heat and absorbed solar radiation which is then reradiated, conducted or convected into the space. MC2, NC SEO, PNNL, ARRA 22

23 Room-side Surface Temperature (90 F outdoors) Solar Heat Gain Coefficient AC is expensive Window heat gain determines AC peak sizing Array of solarcontrol technologies Al SG Typical Summer Comfort 105 HSLE Single Tint Double Tint Triple Clear Double Clear Single Clear LSLE Section Maximum SHGC Component CZ 3 CZ 4 CZ Commercial Maximum Solar Heat Gain Coefficient Non-Metal Frames U-0.65 U-0.40 U-0.35 Metal Frames Curtain Wall/Storefront U-0.60 U-0.50 U Metal Frames All Other U-0.65 U-0.55 U SHGC (PF < 0.25) Glass Skylights U-0.90 U-0.60 U North Carolina Climate Zone Skylight SHGC Certified Energy Performance If It s Not Labeled? NFRC Certification U-Factor SHGC MC2, NC SEO, PNNL, ARRA 23

24 You Can t Trust Your Eyes These Products Have the Same Solar Gain! What You See isn t Always What You Get! Looks Can Be Deceiving Caution: Material Bias in the Code Questions about fenestration? Component CZ 3 CZ 4 CZ 5 Non-Metal Frames U-0.65 U-0.40 U-0.35 Metal Frames - Curtain Wall/Storefront U-0.60 U-0.50 U-0.45 Metal Frames - All Other U-0.65 U-0.55 U-0.55 Structure of Chapter General 502 Building Envelope Requirements 503 Building Mechanical Systems 504 Service Water Heating 505 Electrical Power and Lighting Systems 506 Total Building Performance Each Section of the code has additional mandatory requirements: Envelope, Mechanical, Service Water Heating Disclaimer Reminder We can not cover all aspects of the NCECC 2009 today We could do an all day seminar on any ONE major component Lighting HVAC Envelope MC2, NC SEO, PNNL, ARRA 24

25 Mandatory Requirements Mandatory Requirements Building System Envelope HVAC SWH Power Lighting Other Mandatory Provisions (required for most compliance options) Compliance Options Prescriptive Option Trade Off Option Energy Cost Budget Simplified Energy Code Compliance Air Leakage Moisture Control Mechanical 504 Water Heating Tandem Wiring Exit Signs Exterior Lighting Metering January 10, Mandatory Requirements Air Leakage Moisture Control Mechanical 504 Water Heating Tandem Wiring Exit Signs Exterior Lighting Metering Mandatory Requirements Building System Envelope HVAC SWH Power Lighting Other Mandatory Provisions (required for most compliance options) Compliance Options Prescriptive Option Trade Off Option Energy Cost Budget Simplified Energy Code Compliance January 10, Air Leakage Air Sealing Doesn t Matter? Energy loads in WRONG!!! commercial buildings are internally Remember, driven (occupants, most commercial lighting). So air buildings sealing doesn t essentially really matter, are large right? homes. MC2, NC SEO, PNNL, ARRA 25

26 Air Leakage Air Leakage, Fenestration and Doors Window and door assemblies Curtain wall, storefront, entrance Building envelope Outdoor air intakes and exhaust Loading dock weather seals Vestibules Recessed luminaires NFRC 400 Labeled and certified by manufacturer Glazed swinging entrance doors and revolving doors not to exceed 1.0 cfm/ft 2 All other products not to exceed 0.4 cfm/ft 2 Exceptions Field-fabricated fenestration Garage doors ANSI/DASMA All Envelope Air Leakage Air Leakage, Intakes and Exhaust Loading Dock Weatherseals In climate zones 4 and 5 Cargo doors and loading dock doors equipped with weather seals Restrict infiltration when vehicles are parked in the doorway Air Leakage, Vestibules Required in Climate Zones 3, 4 for entrances in >4 story buildings >10,000 ft 2 Climate Zone 5 for entrances in buildings >1000 ft 2 MC2, NC SEO, PNNL, ARRA 26

27 Air Leakage, Vestibules Air Leakage, Recessed Luminaires Vestibules must have: Self-closing doors Interior and exterior doors not open at the same time Distance between interior and exterior doors not <7 ft. when in closed position (remember ADAAG!) High-tech Solution Mandatory Requirements Air Leakage Moisture Control Mechanical 504 Water Heating Tandem Wiring Exit Signs Exterior Lighting Metering Moisture Control Professional Priorities Air sealing matters in commercial buildings Envelope performance is critical Sealing fenestration and all other penetrations is mandatory! MC2, NC SEO, PNNL, ARRA 27

28 Questions about air sealing? Structure of Chapter General 502 Building Envelope Requirements 503 Building Mechanical Systems 504 Service Water Heating 505 Electrical Power and Lighting Systems 506 Total Building Performance January 10, 2010 MC2 Mathis Consulting Company 209 Mandatory Requirements HVAC Compliance Air Leakage Moisture Control Mechanical 504 Water Heating Tandem Wiring Exit Signs Exterior Lighting Metering Building System Envelope HVAC SWH Power Lighting Other Mandatory Provisions (required for most compliance options) Compliance Options Prescriptive Option Trade Off Option Energy Cost Budget Simplified Energy Code Compliance Equipment Covered HVAC System Types Package air conditioners and condensing units Heat pumps (air, water, and ground source) Packaged terminal and room air conditioners Chillers including absorption Furnaces and unit heaters Boilers Heat rejection equipment Simple Complex MC2, NC SEO, PNNL, ARRA 28

29 Mechanical Systems Mandatory Provisions Calculate Loads No Oversizing Minimum efficiency Controls ,.6 - Ventilation ,.8 - Ducts, Pipes Test and Balance Prescriptive Path Complex or alternative systems Simplified Approach Option Limited to Buildings with 1 or 2 stories Buildings < 25,000 ft 2 Single-zone systems (unitary or split) Air-cooled or evaporatively cooled Simple HVAC Systems (Prescriptive) Complex HVAC Systems Package Systems Only One Zone Single Thermostat Economizers required (high efficiency exception) Complex Systems ,.6 - Ventilation Not everything is simple Economizers required Variable speed or step down wattage fans MC2, NC SEO, PNNL, ARRA 29

30 Ducts Piping Insulation Ducts shall be insulated. Ducts shall be sealed. Piping serving heating and cooling systems shall be thermally insulated HVAC Completion Air system balancing Hydronic system balancing Operating manuals for all systems Professional Priorities Mechanical Systems always must meet minimum efficiency requirements Loads must be calculated, and equipment must be sized properly Systems must be tested and balanced Questions about Mechanical Systems? Structure of Chapter General 502 Building Envelope Requirements 503 Building Mechanical Systems 504 Service Water Heating 505 Electrical Power and Lighting Systems 506 Total Building Performance MC2, NC SEO, PNNL, ARRA 30

31 Mandatory Requirements Service Water Heating Air Leakage Moisture Control Mechanical 504 Water Heating Tandem Wiring Exit Signs Exterior Lighting Metering Building System Envelope HVAC SWH Power Lighting Other Mandatory Provisions (required for most compliance options) Compliance Options Prescriptive Option Trade Off Option Energy Cost Budget Simplified Energy Code Compliance Service Water Heating Mandatory Provisions Equipment efficiency 504.3,.6 - Controls Heat Traps Piping insulation Pools Prescriptive Path Space heating and water heating Service water heating equipment Structure of Chapter General 502 Building Envelope Requirements 503 Building Mechanical Systems 504 Service Water Heating 505 Electrical Power and Lighting Systems 506 Total Building Performance Mandatory Requirements Electrical Power and Lighting Air Leakage Moisture Control Mechanical 504 Water Heating Tandem Wiring Exit Signs Exterior Lighting Metering Building System Envelope HVAC SWH Power Lighting Other Mandatory Provisions (required for most compliance options) Compliance Options Prescriptive Option Trade Off Option Energy Cost Budget Simplified Energy Code Compliance MC2, NC SEO, PNNL, ARRA 31

32 505 - Electrical Power and Lighting Systems Mandatory Provisions Controls Tandem Wiring Exit Signs Exterior Lighting Energy Consumption Prescriptive Provisions Interior Lighting Power Controls Lighting controls shall provide Manual Control Automatic Shutoff Occupant Override Holiday Scheduling Exterior Controls Tandem Wiring Luminaires shall be tandem wired Fluorescent luminaires grouped in odd numbers Recess-mounted < 10ft apart Surface-mounted < 1 ft apart Exit Signs Limited to 5 watts per face Interior Lighting Power Table Interior Lighting Power Density Allowances Building Area Type (W/ft 2 ) Exterior Lighting Minimum efficacy of 60 lumens/watt Automotive Facility 0.9 Convention Center 1.2 Court House 1.2 Dining: Bar Lounge/Leisure 1.3 Dining: Cafeteria/Fast Food 1.4 Dining: Family 1.6 Dormitory 1.0 Exercise Center 1.0 Multi-Family 0.7 Table gives power densities + 5% unrestricted. Some lighting uses are exempt. MC2, NC SEO, PNNL, ARRA 32

33 Mandatory Requirements Electrical Energy Consumption Air Leakage Moisture Control Mechanical 504 Water Heating Tandem Wiring Exit Signs Exterior Lighting Metering Metering for individual dwelling units shall be provided Questions about Water or Electric Systems? Structure of Chapter General 502 Building Envelope Requirements 503 Building Mechanical Systems 504 Service Water Heating 505 Electrical Power and Lighting Systems 506 Total Building Performance Section Total Building Performance Compliance Approaches Compliance Paths Building System Compliance Options Envelope Prescriptive Option Prescriptive Performance HVAC SWH Power Lighting Mandatory Provisions (required for most compliance options) Trade Off Option Energy Cost Budget Energy Code Compliance Other Simplified January 10, MC2, NC SEO, PNNL, ARRA 33

34 506 - Total Building Performance Performance Option Questions? As buildings get more complex, more projects will take the performance path Key Messages Increasing demand for energy and energy cost inflation are driving codes toward greater minimum efficiency. Key Messages Envelope is critical One chance to get it right Determines equipment sizing Minimum requirements based on life cycle cost Minimum requirements Both prescriptive and performance paths have mandatory envelope provisions, e.g., Air Leakage Installation matters! EIA 2009 Key Messages Mechanical systems have minimum requirements including: Efficiency Load calculation System Sizing Insulation and sealing System testing and balancing Key Messages Lighting and Electrical Systems must be: Efficient (lumens/w and lumens/ft 2 ) Controllable Switches Timers Wired in tandem Metered (mandatory for dwelling units) MC2, NC SEO, PNNL, ARRA 34

35 Questions? North Carolina Energy Conservation Code: Commercial Prescriptive Provisions Mathis Consulting Company Building Solutions Chris Mathis MC2, NC SEO, PNNL, ARRA 35