Page 2 of 18 The Tile Association

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3 Tiling to Raised Flooring Systems Supported by Pedestals Published by The Tile Association The Tile Association The Mount, 43 Stafford Road, Stone, Staffordshire ST15 0HG Tel Website: Page 3 of 18

4 Tiling to Raised Flooring Systems supported by Pedestals 1. Foreword This paper Tiling to Raised Flooring Systems Supported by Pedestals has been prepared by a Technical Working Group of The Tile Association. The paper has been written with the aim of providing advice for all parties involved in the use of ceramic tiles conforming to BS EN 14411, natural stone and agglomerated floor tiles to raised flooring systems and should be used in conjunction with current and forthcoming British, European and International Standards. Raised flooring systems are installed at a late stage during the construction process when it is assumed that the building is in a stable and weather tight condition. The main contractor should ensure that the raised flooring system is installed to appropriate Standards at the correct time during the building process. The Tile Association acknowledges the support given by members of the Working Group, Kingspan Access Floors Ltd, Marmox and Knauf in the drafting of this document. 2. Design Considerations In all situations where ceramic, natural stone and agglomerated floor tiles are to be installed it is essential that the substrate is rigid, stable and free of deflection. B.S , 6.1 states: "Solid and suspended floor floorings could be affected by the following factors, and the relative importance of these factors should therefore be assessed at the design stage so that due allowance is made for their possible effect on the finished floor: a) the load it has to support; b) type of tile used; c) the resistance it offers to the passage of liquid water or water vapour either from above or from below; d) size changes produced by variations in moisture content and temperature within the floor and the attack of various corrosive agents, e.g. in chemical plant and industrial premises. When possible, selection of the tiles or mosaics and bedding method should be made at the structural design stage so that the appropriate depth can be allowed between the base and the finished floor surface." Therefore it is important to establish the ultimate weight that the floor might have to bear, including the tiles, tile bed and any intermediate substrate and also take into account if any machinery such as high level access equipment may be used in the finished building. This information can be used to determine which grade of raised flooring system will be needed, which in most cases will be a heavy grade system. Consideration should be taken as to the thickness of the tiling layer, i.e. the tiles, tile bed and any intermediate substrate prior to the installation of the raised flooring system so that it can be set at the correct datum to enable the finished tile surface to be at the required level (F.F.L. finished floor level) Page 4 of 18

5 When selecting the type of raised flooring system in a wet area care should be taken as some types are not suitable. The initial design and selection of the raised flooring system to take tiles is particularly important. There are different grades of flooring system available and as such an agreement should be reached on the correct grade to receive tiles. The usage of the area in question should be taken into consideration when choosing which system should be used. Items for consideration within the design are as follows; loading of the floor (i.e. cleaning equipment, goods trollies and access equipment). The raised flooring system manufacturer s guidance should be sought to ensure the correct floor system is used. The floor tile manufacturer s assistance should be sought with regard to the size, thickness and type of floor tile finish. The manufacturer s instructions for the installation of the intermediate substrate should be followed where the raised flooring is to be overlaid with an intermediate substrate prior to the installation of the floor tiling. In some cases the type and performance of the intermediate substrate is to provide additional rigidity for the floor tiling that is to be subsequently installed and in such cases board based products are likely to be installed. Note that it is important in such cases that the installed intermediate substrate provides the required rigidity so that no differential movement occurs between sections of individual panels on pedestals and the boards are laid with staggered joints. Staggered joints should not coincide with the panel joints of the raised flooring system. The floor tiling should be installed using the appropriate tile adhesive and the tiles should be solid bed fixed as recommended in Grouting of the tile joints should be in accordance with In cases where the intermediate substrate is intended to protect the raised flooring system from water on the surface of the floor tiling then the recommendations in clause 5 should be carefully followed. 2.1 Access Where access to the sub-floor is required a proprietary access panel should be installed. 2.2 Heating See clause 4 where heating is required 3 Raised Flooring Systems 3.1 Steel encapsulated flooring system Description The raised flooring system shall be either heavy grade to the PSA specification or to Class 6/A/3/2 to BS EN standards. Fig 1 Page 5 of 18

6 Typical screwed down panel detail (Corner lock detail). The raised flooring system shall consist of An adjustable electroplated steel pedestal with locking nut (or similar device) to allow for accurate levelling. Polypropylene pedestal head gasket which is placed on top of the pedestal below the panel lower surface. This is for lateral stability acoustic attenuation requirements, and electrical continuity is achieved through brass inserts. A heavy grade panel is constructed from high density particleboard totally encapsulated in hot dipped galvanised steel and is usually 600mm square and is usually between 30mm and 40mm thick (other sizes may be available). Each corner shall have a hole drilled to coincide with the pedestal head below (either supplied from the factory or completed on site) Installation The raised flooring system shall consist of pedestals adhered to the subfloor using a polyurethane adhesive (or similar appropriate adhesive). The pedestals are adjustable allowing for both accurate levelling of the body of the raised flooring system and levels between the panels. The levelling from one panel to another or lipping from one panel to another shall not exceed 0.75mm. The pedestals are set out at 600mm centres to facilitate supporting the panel at each corner. A polypropylene gasket is then placed on top of the pedestal and the raised flooring system panel placed on top of the gasket thus the panel is supported at all four corners. The heavy grade floor panel is then screwed down to the pedestal head using a M6 self-tapping screw. This should provide rigid support for an intermediate substrate secured to the top surface of the raised access flooring by fixings at centres not more than 300mm apart. Once completed this surface should then be sufficiently rigid and ready for the application of floor tiles. Fig 2 Installed raised flooring system with intermediate overlay ready to receive tiling finish Page 6 of 18

7 3.1.3 Preparation for Tiling Tiles should not be fixed directly to the panel. When tiling over this type of raised flooring system it will be necessary to overlay with an intermediate substrate. There are various types of intermediate substrates such as: a) Plywood, Grade 3 (as defined in EN6363-3), minimum 15mm thickness screwed down at not greater than 300mm centres. The plywood should be sealed on the back and sides to prevent the ingress of moisture. A 6mm gap should be left at perimeter of the room. For additional rigidity two layers of plywood may be used; each layer should be at least 12mm thick and laid so that the joints on both layers do not coincide (cross bonded). b) Proprietary tile backer board of a minimum thickness of 6mm. This should be adhered with a suitable tile adhesive, priming where required, mechanically fixed at a maximum of 300mm centres using proprietary washers and counter sunk screws which are installed flush with the surface of the board. The boards should be taped with scrim tape in dry areas and manufacturer s proprietary waterproof tapes in frequently wet areas. There are different types of tile backer boards seek board manufacturer s guidance. c) A proprietary uncoupling/reinforcement membrane. Advice should be sought from the manufacturer that the membrane is suitable for use with raised flooring systems and install following their instructions. Uncoupling or reinforcement membranes may also be installed over wood or calcium sulfate boarded systems. d) Calcium sulfate lapped edge boards, usually 1200mm x 600mm, which are generally used in dry locations. (These should not be used in a frequently or heavily wet environment without a tanking membrane). Lapped edges are glued and screwed together with a proprietary polyurethane glue and screwed down to the Page 7 of 18

8 raised floor substrate at maximum 300mm centres. Perimeter edge strip should be incorporated as per board manufacturer s instruction. e) When considering installing ceramic tiles installed over resilient acoustic flooring systems, the coefficient of restitution for the tiled finish must be at least This is recommended in the British Ceramic Research Ltd Research Paper No. 788 as a minimum requirement for light duty traffic e.g. domestic bathrooms, bedrooms, hallways etc. In order to achieve this, the tile should, therefore, be a minimum thickness of 11mm and meet the requirements for BS EN Further advice may be found in the TTA Technical Document Ceramic and Natural Stone Floor Tiling to Acoustic System to meet the requirements of The Building Regulations 2000 Approved Document E Resistant to the Passage of Sound Tile Fixing It is important to ensure that the tile adhesive selected is able to fully restrain the selected rigid tile finish and thus accommodate the normal stresses associated with the environment to which the tiled installation will be subjected during its life in service. The tile adhesives must conform to BS EN 12004:2007 Adhesives for tiles Requirements, evaluation of conformity, classification and designation Wherever rigid tile finishes are to be fixed to suspended floors, it is essential to ensure that the flooring substrate is securely fixed, sufficiently rigid and stable as well as being able to sustain the anticipated amount of trafficking without excessive movement or deflection. For example, guidance in BS 5385: Part 3; 2007 outlines the need for the floor to be capable of taking an additional dead load of up to 0.8kN/m² together with the anticipated probable dynamic loading without excessive movement or deflection. In the case of raised flooring systems, the adhesive selected should be deformable (Category S1) and be capable of withstanding a degree of limited movement and deflection. Where underfloor or electric undertile floor heating is utilised or for tiling in atria, additional consideration should be given to ensure that the adhesive selected is also capable of withstanding changes due to thermal influences, in particular the conduction of heat through the background to the tiled finish and any associated movement, when taking into consideration the coefficients of thermal expansion of the tiles, adhesive and substrates selected. The selection of a suitable adhesive will also be dependent upon factors such as The type of tile selected The underlying substrate The service conditions to which the tiling will be exposed The code of practice for ceramic floor tiling As recommended in BS 5385: Part 3: 2007, the code of practice for internal and external ceramic and mosaic floor tiling recommends that it is essential that the tiles Page 8 of 18

9 are thoroughly bedded in the adhesive so that as far as possible no voids remain beneath the tiles i.e. solid bed fixed. Any voids under the tiles would render the tiles vulnerable to damage under loads and impacts Cementitious adhesives are also available that can be mixed to a pourable consistency to facilitate the solid bedding of large format floor tiles Fixing to Steel Encapsulated Raised Flooring Systems The following is a general guide to the minimum requirements for tile adhesive selected for fixing to steel encapsulated raised flooring systems of common floor tile finishes a) Overlaid with minimum 15mm thickness plywood Grade 3 or C (as defined in BS EN 636) For ceramic tiles (including porcelain): use a polymer modified S1 adhesive (C1 or C2). For natural stone use a relatively low water demand, rapid setting, polymer modified highly deformable S1 adhesive (C1 or C2). Consideration may be given to the use of an uncoupling membrane. Please refer to the adhesive manufacturer s recommendations regarding any priming requirements and the uncoupling manufacturer s recommendations for further guidance. For agglomerated stone use a two part, highly polymer modified adhesive (Categories R1, R2, C2F S1) as recommended by the adhesive manufacturer which is suitable for use with agglomerated stone and is rapid drying and rapid setting. Further advice may be obtained from the TTA Technical Document Tiling with Resin Agglomerated Tiles. b) Proprietary tile backer board at a thickness recommended by board manufacturer For ceramic tiles (including porcelain): Use a highly polymer modified (C2) adhesive or a highly polymer modified deformable adhesive (C1 S1 or C2 S1) For natural stone: Use a relatively low water demand, rapid setting, polymer modified adhesive (C1 or C2). For agglomerated stone use a two part, highly polymer modified adhesive (Categories R1, R2, C2F S1) or where specifically recommended by the manufacturer select an adhesive which is rapid drying low moisture content rapid setting cementitious one-part adhesive. c) Calcium Sulfate Overlay Lapped Systems If the floor is stable enough to receive a floor tiled finish without additional strengthening, consideration may then be given to the use of either a C1 or C2 adhesive with S1 performance. However further advice should be sought from the manufacturer for the appropriate adhesive. When using cement based adhesives it is recommended that the calcium sulfate panels are sealed using a suitable proprietary primer, e.g. acrylic or epoxy based, as Page 9 of 18

10 recommended by the adhesive manufacturer, before the commencement of tile fixing. With natural stone or agglomerated stone tiles, the selection of the adhesive should follow the recommendations of BS as well as being compatible with the characteristics of the tile being fixed. d) Uncoupling membranes Consideration may be given to the use of a suitable proprietary uncoupling matting for the installation of ceramic tiles or natural stone applied to either a steel encapsulated, or where required, for use onto calcium sulfate T&G raised flooring systems in wet duty areas. Consult the manufacturer of the uncoupling membrane for additional advice and guidance on installation. Where the uncoupling membrane has an anchoring fleece on the underside, the fleece must be mechanically bonded to the substrate. Suitable adhesive include either water-based resilient flooring dispersion adhesives or the use of tile adhesive, conforming to BS EN 12004, minimum C2 adhesive. In the case of calcium sulfate T&G raised access flooring, prime the floor first using a suitable proprietary priming agent as recommended by the adhesive manufacturer before the use of a cementitious based tile adhesive. The adhesive is normally applied using a small sized notched trowel, i.e. with either 3mm x 3mm or 4mm x 4mm notches. It is important to ensure that the fleece is solidly embedded in the adhesive selected. Immediately after installation, tiles may then be applied to the uncoupling membrane using a tile adhesive, appropriate for use with the particular tile specified. Suitable tile adhesive may be selected from those recommended in the preceding paragraphs as deigned for ceramic, porcelain or natural stone tiles. Reference should be made to the TTA Technical document Tiling with Resin Agglomerate Tiles for further advice regarding the use of uncoupling membranes with agglomerated stone tiles. 3.5 Grouting Grouting should be carried out once the adhesive has hardened sufficiently so that the tiles are not dislodged during the grouting procedure. In all cases the instructions provided by the adhesive manufacturer should be followed and rapid setting and hardening adhesives will allow grouting to commence only a short time after the tiling is installed. It is best not to delay grouting longer than necessary as the open joints can collect dust and other contamination. The selection of grout should be based on traffic load and service requirements. Either class CG2 or RG type grout conforming to BS EN should be used. Grouting to be applied following the recommendations of BS5385 Parts 3 or 5 appropriate Calcium sulfate tongue and groove raised flooring system Description Page 10 of 18

11 Calcium sulfate tongue and groove raised floor systems are particularly suitable to receive tiling to due to their strength and rigidity. Calcium sulfate panels generally come in either 1200mm x 600mm or 600mm x 600mm sizes. The tongue and groove boards are adhered together and then laid over pedestals attached to the structural substrate creating a raised floor system. Single or double layer systems can be used. These boards should not be used in frequently wet areas such as showers or wet rooms without a proprietary tanking system. Fig 3 Single layer system Fig 4 Double layer system Installation A minimum thickness of 32mm calcium sulfate board should be used for direct tiling. For areas of extreme loading or large format tiles, with at least one edge length greater than 600 mm, the raised flooring system manufacturer s advice should be sought. Page 11 of 18

12 Edge insulation strips or foam insulation should be installed to walls where the calcium sulfate panels will meet the wall, a 10mm gap should be left around the perimeter of the floor. Install the first row pedestals at the recommended centres (always 300mm to perimeters) making sure the correct amount of glue is used to stick the pedestals to the substrate. The pedestals should be adjusted with a laser level to ensure the accuracy of levelling. Thread lock should be used on the pedestals to prevent any movement once level. Fit pedestal caps to the pedestals. The tongues of the first panel should be removed along with the tongues of the boards which would be adjoining the wall. Lay the first panel making sure it is abutted tightly up to the edge strip. Proprietary glue should then be put into the groove of the located panel and the tongue of the next board to be laid. The panels should be joined together and aligned making sure that enough glue has been used so that glue is extruded from the top and bottom of the tongue and groove joint, this excess glue can be removed the next day by using a scraper. The second row of panels (and following rows) should be installed in a staggered (brick bond) pattern. This process should then be followed for the remaining floor area. A double layer of calcium sulfate flooring should be used where extremely heavy loads are expected and/or where natural stone will be used. The second layer (usually a lapped joint panel 600mm x 1200mm) should be installed turned at a right angle to the first layer; again this layer should be installed in a staggered manner (cross bond). This second layer is glued to the first layer with the manufacturer proprietary adhesive and then nailed into place. The installed calcium sulfate floor should not be loaded or trafficked for at least 12 hours and will be available to accept the full working load after 24 hours. Stringers (bridging strips) are recommended between pedestals where the pedestal height is over 500mm. Before tiling to the calcium sulfate floor the tiling contractor must make sure that they are satisfied that the floor is flat and that there has been sufficient glue used in the tongue and groove joints of the calcium sulfate boards Preparation for Tiling When tiling over this type of raised flooring system it is not necessary to overlay with any other type of boarding system or uncoupling membrane. Once the calcium sulfate panels have been installed they should be dry, swept and cleaned in preparation for the application of a suitable primer and floor tile adhesive Tile Fixing The primer and adhesive selected should be appropriate for use on calcium sulfate screeds and flooring panels. Ensure that the primer is applied as recommended and allowed to dry before commencing with the tile fixing. If the floor is sufficiently stable enough to receive a floor tiled finish without additional strengthening, consideration may then be given to the use of either a suitable C1 or Page 12 of 18

13 C2 adhesive classified S1. However further advice should be sought from the adhesive manufacturer for the appropriate adhesive specification. When using cement based adhesives it is recommended that the calcium sulfate panels are sealed using a suitable proprietary primer, e.g. acrylic or epoxy based, as recommended by the adhesive manufacturer, before the commencement of tile fixing. With natural stone or agglomerated stone tiles, the selection of the adhesive should follow the recommendations of BS as well as being compatible with the characteristics of the tile being fixed Direct fixing As with all ceramic tiling on floors, the tiles should be solidly bedded, as described in BS so that as far as practicable no voids remain beneath the tiles. The recommendations of the adhesive manufacturer should be followed regarding the mixing, the method of application, the maximum thickness of bed, the working time of the mixed adhesive and the open time after spreading. Cementitious adhesives should be mixed with clean water or polymer admixture as instructed to obtain the required consistency, usually a fairly thick creamy slump-free mix. Cementitious adhesives should not be mixed with more water or admixture than the maximum recommended by the adhesive manufacturer otherwise the performance of the adhesive would be impaired. Cementitious adhesives are also available that can be mixed to a pourable consistency to facilitate the solid bedding of large format floor tiles. The mixed adhesive should be applied using a trowel, pressing the adhesive into the primed surface before combing through with a notched trowel to give a straight ribbed bed. The backs of the tiles should be buttered with the adhesive and to fill flush any back profile or key before placing the tile on the ribbed adhesive bed. Each tile should then be pressed firmly into position. The tiles should be pressed into the ribbed adhesive bed whilst the ribs are still wet and workable, i.e. within the open time of the spread adhesive. If pourable floor tile adhesives are used it is possible to fix the tiles in a solid bed of adhesive without having to butter the backs of the tiles. A freshly fixed tile should be lifted to check that the size of notched trowel and the bedding technique used results in no voids being left beneath the tile. This check should be carried out occasionally during the fixing of the floor tiles to ensure solid bedding is consistently maintained. The advice of the adhesive manufacturer on the size and type of notched trowel should be followed. Too large an amount of adhesive under the tiles can result in excess adhesive grinning up through the joints and the tiles swimming on the adhesive, whilst too small an amount of adhesive prevents solid bedding Grouting Grouting should be carried out once the adhesive has hardened sufficiently so that the tiles are not dislodged during the grouting procedure. In all cases the instructions provided by the adhesive manufacturer should be followed and rapid setting and hardening adhesives will allow grouting to commence only a short time after the tiling Page 13 of 18

14 is installed. It is best not to delay grouting longer than necessary as the open joints can collect dust and other contamination. The selection of grout will be based on traffic load and service requirements. Either class CG2 or RG type grout conforming to BS EN should be used. 4. Underfloor heating systems Both wet and electrical based systems can be used in conjunction with raised flooring systems. Electrical undertile systems are laid direct to the substrate or onto tile backer boards. Installation advice should be sought from under tile heating manufacturers or suppliers in both cases. See TTA publication Tiling to Heated Floors. The most efficient way of installing electrical heating systems is to overlay the raised flooring system with insulated tile backerboard minimum thickness of 10mm, after which the electrical system is applied. The electrical system is then encapsulated in the tile bed under the tiles. Other options are available consult manufacturer. Consideration should be given to the coefficient of thermal expansion of the sub-floor and materials being installed. With underfloor heating systems there is an increased requirement for intermediate movement joints. The maximum area bounded by intermediate joints within the heated screed should not exceed panels of 40 sq. metres in area for ceramic and natural stone tiles and 25 sq. metres in area for resin agglomerated tiles. The panels formed should be square to rectangular with a length to width ratio of no more than 8 x 5 metres. There are no requirements for increased frequency of intermediate movement joints within the raised flooring system where underfloor heating is installed. The ceramic or natural stone tile finish applied over the raised flooring system should be as thermally conductive as possible where heating systems are installed. 5. Wet Areas Raised flooring systems are generally found in commercial buildings and rarely for flooring installations in leisure facilities and domestic buildings, however there are occasional needs for floor tile installations where wetting of the floor may occur, these being: Toilets. Showers and similar wet facilities Kitchen areas and where food is served Where wet cleaning systems may be used Other unspecified areas where the installed flooring may be subjected to wetting The intensity and frequency of the wetting of the floor tiling should be established and the appropriate protection provided with the installed raised flooring so that ingress of water into the void beneath the raised floor and damage to the raised flooring system Page 14 of 18

15 is prevented. This will generally require the utilisation of an additional proprietary waterproof tanking solution being applied to the raised floor. Where applied floor tiling will be subject to spillage of liquids the designer should first check with the manufacturer of the raised flooring system to confirm suitability in such locations and if any additional protection from the ingress of moisture is required. Consideration should also be given to the height of the finished floor, making sure that if falls for drainage are required; that they can be accommodated The selection of an appropriate installation system for the floor tiling will depend on the raised flooring system selected and if there is a requirement for a tanking system to prevent ingress of water into the underlying construction. Manufacturer s guidance should be sought if there is any doubt over the use of proprietary products in these areas. 5.1 Steel encapsulated flooring system The tiling layer of tiles, adhesive and grout should not be considered a watertight layer. The use of impervious grouts and adhesives is no substitute for a tanked installation. In dry locations it is not unusual to select a ceramic or stone tile that matches the facial area of the metal panel but this will not provide a watertight floor. For this reason in wet situations it is usual to utilise a proprietary watertight tile backing board systems, or an impervious watertight intermediate substrate/uncoupling system that can be fixed to the surface of the raised steel encapsulated flooring system. In the case of the watertight tile backing board systems the joints between the boards should be sealed with a watertight tape and any mechanical fixings through the boards should also be sealed. In some circumstances it is possible to form a fall for drainage of water on the installed floor tiling by utilising proprietary watertight tile backer boards with preformed falls onto which the floor tiling can be adhered. With these systems the drainage outlets can be incorporated in the installation with the water drainage passing through the raised access flooring panels to the drainage system as appropriate. As with all floor tiling the floor tiles should be solidly bedded on top of either the proprietary watertight tile backer boards or the impervious intermediate substrate/uncoupling system. In some cases it may be appropriate, depending on the degree or intensity of exposure, to utilise a liquid applied waterproof coating and watertight tape as used in shower tiling prior to installing the tiling. The normal joints between the floor tiles should be grouted with the appropriate cement based grout but in locations where the liquids spilt are aggressive to cement based grout mortars the use of an impervious reaction resin grout, e.g. epoxide mortar, is recommended. Note that watertight movement joints of sufficient width should be incorporated between the floor tiling and any walls or upstands that the floor tiling abuts; see clause Calcium sulfate tongue and groove flooring system Calcium sulphate floors should always be adequately protected from the ingress of moisture as per section 5.1. However, as the joints of this type of floor are glued together the recommended method would be to apply a proprietary waterproof Page 15 of 18

16 coating prior to tiling. The use of this type of product will result in very little noticeable change in floor finish level between the wet and dry areas. 6. Movement joints In all cases perimeter movement joints should be installed. Intermediate movement joints should be installed so bay sizes are no greater than 100 sqm meeting the requirements of BS and the Tile Association document Movement Joints in Internal Tiling. Where underfloor heating systems are installed intermediate movement joints should be more frequent, i.e. bay sizes no greater than 40 sq. metres in area for ceramic and natural stone tiles and 25 sq. metres in area for resin agglomerated tiles. The panels formed should be square to rectangular with a length to width ratio of no more than 8 x 5 metres. Any movement joint in the raised flooring system should be brought through the tiling. 7. Cleaning and maintenance Hard floor finishes need little maintenance and can be kept clean by regular sweeping, then washing with warm water to which a neutral or nearly neutral detergent has been added. Final thorough rinsing with clean water is essential. Large areas of plain or textured floor tiles are more readily cleaned with rotary mechanical scrubbing machines. Before using heavy duty cleaning machinery it is important to check the raised flooring system can take the load bearing of the cleaning machine and another other plant or machinery such as a cherry picker. The regular use of scrub and rinse cleaning machines fitted with abrasive pads may damage the tiled surface and result in gradual loss of thickness in the wear layer. When using such machines care should be taken to ensure that the final rinse is with clean water only. The Tile Association has produced a document The Cleaning and Maintenance of Tiles which gives detailed advice on cleaning and maintenance. 8. Bibliography BS5385 the code of practice for fixing wall and floor tiles BS EN 13213:2001 Hollow Floors BS EN Raised Access Floors Platform Floors (Raised access floors) MOB PF2 PF/SPU by PSA Specialist Services Tile Association technical documents: Movement joints in internal tiling Tiling to calcium sulfate based screeds Tiling to heated floors Tiling to timber substrates and alternative products Large format tiles in internal tiling The cleaning and maintenance of tiles Page 16 of 18

17 Ceramic and natural stone tiling to acoustic systems to meet the requirements of the Building Regulations 2000 Approved document E resistance to the passage of sound 2003 Tiling with resin agglomerated tiles British Ceramic Research Ltd Research Paper No. 788 Use of Schmidt concrete test hammer for assessing the impact resistance of ceramic floor tiling, Members of the Working Group Neil Baglow Carl Binney Lesley Day Paul Dawtrey Daniel Dixon Ian Knifton Brian Newell Cyril Potter Don Slade Mike Stone Billy Valler David Wilson Page 17 of 18

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