T1 6 C1 Influence of Manufacturing Parameters on CLT Plate to Resist Out of Plane Loading

Transcription

1 1 st NEWBuildS Annual Workshop, Vancouver January 17 th, 2011 T1 6 C1 Influence of Manufacturing Parameters on CLT Plate to Resist Out of Plane Loading Yue (Jessie) Chen and Dr. Frank Lam Department of Wood Science The University of British Columbia

2 Background Manufacturing parameters material properties number of layers fiber direction in each layer Experimental investigations Computer modeling Time consuming Expensive

3 Objectives of this phase of the work Develop three dimensional finite element models, which can be used to analyze the resistance of CLT plate to out of plane loading. Verify the models by comparing predicted results with measured data obtained from experimental studies.

4 Research method/approach Finite Element Modeling (3D) Material properties?

5 Research method/approach Experimental studies MOE along fiber direction (E L ) E T /E L E R /E L G LR /E L G LT /E L G RT /E L μ RL μ LT μ RT

6 Research method/approach Experimental studies Resistance to out of plane loading

7 Results to date Vertical deflection contour of a 3 layer CLT

8 Results to date Comparison between model predictions and experimental data

9 Results to date Bending stiffness of CLT specimens Bending stiffness ( 10 6 N m 2 ) Test FE model Failure mode Error 5.30% 2.57% 0.12%

10 Results to date More bending tests

11 Results to date

12 Key outputs and potential impact of research Models were verified by good agreement between numerical results and test data. A tool for evaluation of more complicated CLT systems in floor applications. A strong foundation for developing and manufacturing CLT products in the North American construction market.

13 L41 home (

14 Collaboration and acknowledgements FPInnovations Timber Engineering and Applied Mechanics Laboratory (TEAM), UBC CST Innovations, Ltd.

15 Thanks for your attention!

16 1 st NEWBuildS Annual Workshop, Vancouver January 17 th, 2011 T3 3 C7 Fire Behaviour of Cross Laminated Timber Panels Marc Aguanno Supervisor: George Hadjisophocleous Carleton University

17 Background Cross Laminated Timbers (CLT) Large engineered wood panels Manufactured by laminating a layer of parallel lumber, 90 to the layers above and/or below it with adhesives and fasteners Developed in the 1970s Established in Europe ~15 years ago High performance material for structural systems which can replace concrete and steel in some applications

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19 Background Performance Based Design Demonstrate compliance with prescriptive fire safety goals in code CUWoodFrame 2D finite element model to simulate heat and mass transfer in gypsum and wood Predict the thermal response when exposed to fire CUrisk System model uses a subsidiary submodels Calculates Expected Risk to Life, Expected Risk of Injury, and Fire Cost Expectation

20 Project Objectives 1. Determine: Fire Performance and Resistance of CLT Additional Fire Load of CLT 2. Modify CUWoodFrame Compare to and validate with experimental data Model real fires and different wood properties 3. Develop a module in CUrisk for CLT buildings Ultimately develop criteria for performance based fire design

21 Research Method/Approach Conduct Medium Scale Experiments in both Standard and Non Standard Fires Carleton University Furnace Floor tests under load Observe and Measure: Charring rate Fire Resistance Temperature data throughout panel Deflection and mechanical resistance

22 Research Method/Approach Conduct Full Scale Experiments using Non Standard Fire National Research Council Furnaces Test under load Observe and Measure: Charring rate Fire Resistance Temperature data throughout panel Deflection and mechanical resistance

23 Research Method/Approach Floor Fire Resistance Furnace Wall Fire Resistance Furnace

24 Research Method/Approach Conduct Room Fire Tests to determine Additional Fuel Load of CLT Carleton University Fire Laboratory Room constructed of CLT panels Observe and Measure: Heat Release Rate Temperature Fire duration CLT as additional fuel load

25 Work To Date Literature Review in progress Mid size furnace being designed and constructed at the Carleton University Fire Laboratory Simulations are being carried out to study the performance of Gpyro Thermal decomposition and pyrolysis model

26 Key Outputs and Potential Impact of Research Stadthaus Quantification of Fire Resistance of CLT Panels Calculate overall safety levels in CLT buildings from CUWoodFrame and CUrisk outputs Help to develop Building Code standards for CLT in Canada Increase acceptance of CLT use in the design and building community

27 Key Outputs and Potential Impact of Research Why is CLT gaining popularity in Canada? Environmental Benefit Over Traditional Construction Methods Renewable resource Recyclable Recoverable Carbon storage Rapid construction time Less waste

28 Collaboration and Acknowledgements Steven Craft FPInnovations Nourredine Benichou National Research Council of Canada

29 1 st NEWBuildS Annual Workshop, Vancouver January 17 th, 2011 T4 5 C10 Developing Durable Building Envelope Assemblies for CLT Construction Ruth McClung (Ryerson) Dr. Hua Ge (Ryerson) Robert Lepage, E.I.T. (Waterloo) Dr. John Straube, P.Eng. (Waterloo)

30 Waugh Thistleton Tower in Murray Grove, London, England Photo: Will Pryce

31 Background Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) panels are a relatively new engineered wood product Designed based on solid slabs of perpendicular plies of wood slats commonly using polyurethane adhesives

32 Problem Moisture performance and properties are not fully understood Susceptible to the same moisture problems as wood (rot, mould, swelling, etc) Construction moisture may pose an issue

33 Project Objectives The research aims to: Characterize moisture related properties of CLT panels Identify susceptibility to moisture from various sources and climates Determine suitable wall assemblies to minimize moisture related risks

34 Research Overview Three phases: Laboratory experiments Field exposure tests Computer analysis

35 Laboratory Experiment Assembly scale tests (2 x2 panel) of 4 different CLT samples (E SPF, W SPF, Hemlock, European Spruce) Gravimetric tests in weighing apparatus to obtain total moisture content Electric resistance pins at various depths to obtain moisture gradient

36 Laboratory Experiment Weighing Apparatus

37 Laboratory Results Completed: Preliminary WUFI modeling to assess anticipated results Wetting/drying of first set of Hemlock and W SPF samples Preliminary data analysis on capillary coefficients for diffusion/liquid transport

38 Laboratory Results

39 Planned Field Testing Layout CLT samples wetted as in laboratory tests Instrumented to monitor moisture content, temperature, and relative humidity within the wall assemblies 4 wall configurations, with 4 CLT wood species will be tested Wetted panels installed in field testing facility and monitored for at least one year Waterloo BEGhut Test Facility

40 Planned Field Testing Layout Letter denotes CLT wood species: A) European Spruce B) Western SPF C) Eastern SPF D) Hem fir Wall Configurations 1A 2A 3A 4A 1B 2B 3B 4B 1C 2C 3C 4C 1D 2D 3D 4D 5B 6 1. High Permeability, >600 ng/s.m 2.Pa 2. Medium Permeability, ng/s.m 2.Pa 3. Low Permeability, <6 ng/s.m 2.Pa 4. Low Interior Permeability, <6 ng/s.m 2.Pa 5. TBD, repeat of 2, 3, or 4 to test vertical moisture movement 6. Wood stud framed wall to determine thermal mass effect

41 Planned Field Testing Layout Wall Configurations: 1. High Permeability 3 Rockwool V.P. WRB Nothing 2. Medium Permeability 3 EPS V.P. WRB Nothing 3. Low Permeability 3 Rockwool Blueskin Nothing 4. Low Interior Permeability 3 EPS V.P. WRB Poly sheet

42 Planned Field Testing Layout Wall panels to be insulated along the edges, and moisture will be prevented from passing between assemblies Spray foam insulation and wet applied moisture barriers Panel Connections, NTS Wooden spacers used to maintain gap and metal plates for structural integrity

43 Key outputs and potential impact of research Refined understanding of assembly level moisture characteristics. Guidelines for CLT wall assembly design and construction procedures Calibration of computer hygrothermal simulation models Facilitate market penetration

44 Collaboration and Acknowledgements FPInnovations collaborators: Paul Morris Jieying Wang Constance Thivierge Other collaborators: Frank Lam, UBC RDH Builiding Engineering Group Lead Investigators: Professor Hua Ge, Ryerson Professor John Straube, Waterloo

45 THANK YOU Questions and comments?