Pavement Design and Construction of Taxilane S to Accommodate New Large Aircraft at LAX

Transcription

1 Pavement Design and Construction of Taxilane S to Accommodate New Large Aircraft at LAX Katie Chou, Ph.D., P.E. Hatch Mott MacDonald, Los Angeles Office Presented to: 2011 SWIFT Conference, Montreal Date: September 12, 2011

2 Presentation Outline Background and Program Overview Key Elements of Taxilane S Project Airfield Pavement Design Selective Results of Sensitivity Analyses Mix Design - FAA P-501 Concrete Mix Design - FAA P-306 Econocrete Site and Construction Photos 1

3 Background 6 th busiest A/P (world) w/ 58,915,100 passengers (10) 3 rd busiest A/P (passenger traffic) in the US 2 nd busiest A/P (international passenger) in the US 2

4 LAX (2008) 2 Parallel Runway Systems 3 Crossfield Taxiways 9 Terminals; Tom Bradley International Terminal (TBIT) One A380 flight daily AA N Airfield R/Ws S Q TBIT S Airfield R/Ws N 3

5 Challenges for LAX (2008) Aged infrastructure 14 A380 flights daily in 2013 Line Cracking 4

6 Challenges for LAX (Cont.) Stay competitive/ retain airlines Midfield Satellite Concourse (MSC) Program Group VI (Code F) infrastructure N Airfield R/Ws N AA MSC Program Area S Q TBIT S Airfield R/Ws 5

7 Midfield Satellite Concourse (MSC) Program - Element 1: Crossfield Taxiway Project (CFTP) - Element 2: TBIT Reconstruction (TBIT) - Element 3: Midfield Satellite Concourse (MSC) TBIT South Airfield Q S AA TWY R opened May 24, North Airfield N

8 Presentation Outline Background and Program Overview Key Elements of Taxilane S Project Airfield Pavement Design Selective Results of Sensitivity Analyses Mix Design - FAA P-501 Concrete Mix Design - FAA P-306 Econocrete Site and Construction Photos 7

9 CFTP TWY D Ext. TWY D Ext. TBIT VSR Turnout Bus Station T3 Bridges WWW Future Utilidor RON Apron TWY R Commun. Power Utilidor & BHS Tunnel TBIT TBIT T4 VSR TWY T TWY S VSR Apron Apron 8

10 TWY D Ext. TLN S Length: 3,487 ft (1,063 m) Width: 100 ft (30 m) 2009 Bid Price: $96 million TLN S VSR 9

11 LAX (2011) Finished CFTP TLN S Construction 10 TLN S 200,500 SY (167,650 M 2 ) Airfield Concrete Paving

12 Presentation Outline Background and Program Overview Key Elements of Taxilane S Project Airfield Pavement Design Selective Results of Sensitivity Analyses Mix Design - FAA P-501 Concrete Mix Design - FAA P-306 Econocrete Site and Construction Photos 11

13 % of Runway Traffic Aircraft Mix Heavy Jets Light Jets 12 A380 B MD-10 etc A340 Series B ER B767 Series B B737 Series MD-80 Series MD-90 A320 DC-9 Series Bombardier Gulfstream G-4 Embraer 145XR Average Annual Departures Design Traffic 20-year Design (2010 ~ 2030) 40-year Design (2010 ~ 2050) 100% 75% 50% 100% 75% 50% 1,798 1, ,316 1,737 1,158 20,402 15,301 10,201 26,284 19,713 13,142 5,432 4,074 2,716 6,999 5,249 3,499 1,456 1, ,876 1, ,407 4,055 2,704 6,966 5,225 3,483 32,721 24,540 16,360 42,155 31,616 21,077 31,344 23,508 15,672 40,381 30,286 20,191 16,912 12,684 8,456 21,789 16,341 10,894 12,494 9,371 6,247 16,096 12,072 8, , ,778 12,583 8,389 21,616 16,212 10, , ,025 12,018 8,012 20,645 15,483 10, , ,338 1,

14 TLN S Pavement Design - Subgrade Soils 32 borings drilled Logs indicate: subgrade soils are SM, SP or SP-SM 13

15 TLN S Pavement Design Design K Value California Bearing Ratio (CBR) Correlation Eq.: Mean Standard Deviation, STD CBR (85% Reliability) Estimated k k 1500 CBR = 26 CBR (90% RC) pci (28.8 MPa/m) CBR (95% RC) pci (67.6 MPa/m) CBR (100% RC) pci (96.1 MPa/m) 14 Design K (baseline) = 200 pci (54.3 MPa/m)

16 TLN S Pavement Design Other Design Inputs Los Angeles World Airports: 40-year Design Life Parametric Study Table Design Program Design Life, years Design Traffic, % of Runway Traffic Modulus of Subgrade Reaction, k, pci (MPa/m) Concrete Flexural Strength, R, psi (MPa) Base Course Material Base Course Thickness, inch (mm) LEDFAA 1.3; FAARFIELD v , % (baseline), 75%, 50% 150, 200 (baseline), , 67.6 (baseline), (baseline), 675, (baseline), 4.658, 4.83 Econocrete (baseline), CTB 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 (baseline) 100, 150, 200, 250, 300 (baseline) 15

17 Presentation Outline Background and Program Overview Key Elements of Taxilane S Project Airfield Pavement Design Selective Results of Sensitivity Analyses Mix Design - FAA P-501 Concrete Mix Design - FAA P-306 Econocrete Site and Construction Photos 16

18 Design Traffic v.s. Modulus of Subgrade Reaction (k) PCC Thickness (in) 17 1 pci = MPa/m 1 in = 25 mm Sensitivity Analysis of TLN S Traffic (20-yr Design Life) Econocrete Base = 12-in; R = 650 psi PCC Thickness (in) Modulus of Subgrade Reaction, k (pci) 50% RWY Traffic (LEDFAA) 75% RWY Traffic (LEDFAA) 100% RWY Traffic (LEDFAA) 50% RWY Traffic (FAARFIELD) 75% RWY Traffic (FAARFIELD) 100% RWY Traffic (FAARFIELD) Sensitivity Analysis of TLN S Traffic (40-yr Design Life) Econocrete Base = 12-in; R = 650 psi Modulus of Subgrade Reaction, k (pci) 50% RWY Traffic (LEDFAA) 75% RWY Traffic (LEDFAA) 100% RWY Traffic (LEDFAA) 50% RWY Traffic (FAARFIELD) 75% RWY Traffic (FAARFIELD) 100% RWY Traffic (FAARFIELD) LEDFAA: PCC h reduction is minimal as the k increases FAARFIELD: PCC h is reduced by 1, when k increases from 200 to 250 pci

19 Design Traffic v.s. Concrete Flexural Strength (R) 1 pci = MPa/m 1 in = 25 mm PCC Thickness (in) Sensitivity Analysis of R (20-yr Design Life) 19.5 Econocrete Base = 12-in; 19.0 k = 200 pci Concrete Flexural Strengh, R (psi) 50% RWY Traffic (LEDFAA) 75% RWY Traffic (LEDFAA) 100% RWY Traffic (LEDFAA) 50% RWY Traffic (FAARFIELD) 75% RWY Traffic (FAARFIELD) 100% RWY Traffic (FAARFIELD) PCC Thickness (in) Sensitivity Analysis of R (40-yr Design Life) Econocrete Base = 12-in; k = 200 pci Concrete Flexural Strengh, R (psi) 50% RWY Traffic (LEDFAA) 75% RWY Traffic (LEDFAA) 100% RWY Traffic (LEDFAA) 50% RWY Traffic (FAARFIELD) 75% RWY Traffic (FAARFIELD) 100% RWY Traffic (FAARFIELD) With a 25-psi increase of R, PCC h is reduced by 0.5

20 Design Traffic v.s. Base Thickness 1 pci = MPa/m 1 in = 25 mm P-501 PCC Thickness (in) Design Life = 40-yr (k = 200 pci, R = 650 psi) P-501 PCC Thickness (in) % RWY Traffic (LEDFAA) 100% RWY Traffic (FAARFIELD) P-304 Cement Treated Base Thickness (in) Design Life = 40-yr (k = 200 pci, R = 650 psi) % RWY Traffic (LEDFAA) 100% RWY Traffic (FAARFIELD) P-306 Econocrete Base Thickness (in) With a CTB, PCC h is increased approximately by 0.25 (40-yr design)

21 Recommended TLN S Pavement Section LEDFAA /30/2009 FAARFIELD Sep.4 Oct.9 Design Thickness, in (mm) for 100% Runway Traffic Modulus of Subgrade Reaction, k = 200 pci (67.6 MPa/m) Concrete Flexural Strength, R = 650 psi (4.485 MPa) 18 (450) 19 (475) 12 (300) 12 (300) 6 (150) 6 (150) 20 years 40 years 20 P-501 PCC Surface P-306 Econocrete PMB (Greenbook)

22 Presentation Outline Background and Program Overview Key Elements of Taxilane S Project Airfield Pavement Design Selective Results of Sensitivity Analyses Mix Design - FAA P-501 Concrete Mix Design - FAA P-306 Econocrete Site and Construction Photos 21

23 Concrete (FAA P-501) Mix Design (Slip-form) Coarse aggregate: 60% 1 aggregate (1,835 lbs/cy) Fine aggregate: 40% WCS (1,223 lbs/cy) ASTM C1567: no potential for Alkali-Silica Reactivity Ave. 28-day = 0.07% (< 0.1%) Type II cement (625 lbs/cy) used with 20% replaced by class F fly ash Water-reducing admixture used (meets ASTM C494) Air-entraining admixture used (meets ASTM C260) 22

24 Concrete (FAA P-501) Mix Design (Slip-form) Continue Design water-cement ratio = 0.44 < 0.45; Design Air Content = 3% Design slump (slip-form) = 1.25 < 1.5 Coarseness factor (45 ~ 75) = 64, Acceptable Workability factor (28 ~ 41) = 35, Acceptable Flexural 28-day = 715 psi > 650 psi Coarse Gap-Graded Sandy Well-Graded Rocky Well-Graded minus 0.75 Workability Factor 23 Coarseness Factor

25 Presentation Outline Background and Program Overview Key Elements of Taxilane S Project Airfield Pavement Design Selective Results of Sensitivity Analyses Mix Design - FAA P-501 Concrete Mix Design - FAA P-306 Econocrete Site and Construction Photos 24

26 Econocrete (FAA P-306) Mix Design (Slip-form) 25 Coarse aggregate: 84% 1 recycled aggregate (2,432 lbs/cy) Fine aggregate: 16% native sand (499 lbs/cy) ASTM C1260: no potential for Alkali-Silica Reactivity of recycled aggregates Ave. 16-day = 0.06% (< 0.1%) Type II cement used (240 lbs/cy) Water = 317 lbs/cy Water-reducing admixture used (meets ASTM C494) Air-entraining admixture used (meets ASTM C260)

27 Econocrete (FAA P-306) Mix Design (Slip-form) - Continue Average slump (slip-form) = 2 ; Average Air Content = 6.4 % Coarseness factor (45 ~ 75) = 66, Acceptable Workability factor (28 ~ 41) = 32, Acceptable Compressive 3-day = 505 psi > 500 psi Compressive 7-day = 720 psi ( psi) Coarse Gap-Graded Sandy Well-Graded Rocky Well-Graded minus 0.75 Workability Factor 26 Coarseness Factor

28 Presentation Outline Background and Program Overview Key Elements of Taxilane S Project Airfield Pavement Design Selective Results of Sensitivity Analyses Mix Design - FAA P-501 Concrete Mix Design - FAA P-306 Econocrete Site and Construction Photos 27

29 Existing Taxiway S before Demolition 28

30 Site and String Line Setup for Econocrete Paving 29

31 Crew Check Econocrete Thickness 30

32 P-306 Econocrete Paving (Hand-form) 31

33 32 Curing Compound for Econocrete (Hand Spray)

34 Econocrete Paving (Slip-form) 33

35 More Fresh Econocrete 34

36 Fresh Econocrete with Curing Compound 35

37 P-501 Concrete Paving (Slip-form) 36

38 P-501 Concrete Paving (Slip-form) 37

39 Concrete Trucks Waiting on Site 38

40 Dowel Basket 39

41 Dowel Basket 40

42 Beam Specimens, Slump & Air Content Tests 41

43 Protective Pads for Crawler Tracks 42

44 Edge Slump 43

45 Surface Texture 44

46 P-501 Concrete with Curing Compound (Cont.) 45

47 P-501 Concrete High Spot Removal 46

48 Dust Control 47

49 Cured Econocrete 48

50 Cured Concrete Joints in Econocrete Layer 49

51 Drilled Holes for Dowels 50

52 Mark Joint Location for Sawcutting 51

53 52 Newly Sawed PCC Joint

54 Joint Sawcutting 53

55 Joint Preparation 54

56 55 Joint Seal

57 Thicken Edge 56

58 Steel Reinforcements 57

59 Acknowledgements Los Angeles World Airports (LAWA) Hatch Mott MacDonald Mr. Curtis Wright Mr. Paul Nolan Mr. Christopher Solecki Prime Contractor: Flatiron West, Inc. Construction Support Services: Ch2m Hill Overall Capital Improvement Program Management: AECOM & partners including Parsons Brinckerhoff 58

60 Thank You Photo taken from