MASONRY AND BRICK ARCH BRIDGES:
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1 Joint Bridge Researchers and Owners Forum King s College, Cambridge 27-28th October 2003 MASONRY AND BRICK ARCH BRIDGES: CONDITION APPRAISAL AND REMEDIAL TREATMENT
2 MASONRY AND BRICK ARCH BRIDGES: CONDITION APPRAISAL AND REMEDIAL TREATMENT Dr. Andrew Pitchford (CIRIA) Dr. Carlos Sicilia Gaillard (Mott MacDonald) Professor Clive Melbourne (University of Salford ) Mr. Andrew Barnes (May Gurney)
3
4 Masonry and Brick Arch Bridge
5 The Problem Construction of Masonry Arch Bridges has long been Abandoned in the UK However, Bridges of the UK Networks of Transport are still Primarily Masonry and Brick Arches Subjected to ever Increasing Traffic Levels, Speeds and Loads At least 100 years old Some of them Damaged or Simply Gradually Deteriorating NEED FOR MAINTENANCE, REPAIR AND STRENGTHENING NEED FOR BEST PRACTICE GUIDANCE
6 Difficulties of the Problem Inelastic Materials Masonry: Composite, Anisotropic, No tension, Creeps, Variability Soil Structurally Complex System: Gravity Pre-Stressed Structures Arch + Spandrels Weight + Arch-Spandrels Interaction Gradual Separation of its Elements Three-Dimensional Structures (Skewed Arches) Magnitude of the Problem
7 Magnitude of the Problem Largest Single Group of Bridges in the UK 40% of the UK Bridge Stock are Masonry or Brick Arches Arch Highway Bridges Railway Arch Spans Very High Proportion on British Waterways Network
8 Purpose of the CIRIA Project Present Best Practice Facilitate Knowledge Sharing Provide an Enabling Document Have National Application Recommend a Maintenance Strategy for Best Value for Money for Different Infrastructures Provide an Independent Assessment
9 Main User Groups Clients (Asset Owners and Operators) in Railway, Road and Canal infrastructures Engineers (Consultants and Contractors) Maintenance Managers
10 Approach Asset Management Structural Behaviour of Masonry and Brick Arch Bridges Loss of Bridge Performance Condition Appraisal (Materials and Structures) and Assessment of Capacity Preventative, Remedial and Strengthening Measures Monitoring Environmental and Heritage Considerations New Masonry Arch Bridges Future Research
11 Method Literature Review Consultation Interviews Owners and Asset Maintainers National and International Experts IStructE Arch Bridge Study Group European Network on Sustainable Masonry Arch Technologies Workshops Web Site (Questionnaires) Case histories Assessment of Information Reporting and Conclusions
12 Bridge Safety 120 Capacity/Loading Time Bridge Capacity Load requirements Not maintained
13 Bridge Safety ASSET MANAGEMENT REMEDIAL TREATMENT CONDITION APPRAISAL
14 Asset management Data Collection and Storage Regular Inspection Regimes Triggers for Condition Appraisal and/or Abnormal Monitoring Regime Prioritisation (Risk Management) Cost Effectiveness (Whole Life Costing) Do Nothing Repair Complex Analysis - Strengthen Replace Post-works Monitoring Feedback - Constant Improvement
15 Condition appraisal and Studies Inspection and assessment Inspection Types of Inspection (Visual vs. Intelligent ) Objectives (Guidance and Templates) Assessment/Analysis Code (Ultimate/Service) Method (Empirical Limit State FEM/DEM) Available tools in order of complexity (Suggest Sequence of Use) Applicability/Expectation/Reliability of Assessment Tools Critical Parameters and Sensitivity Stochastic Approaches
16 Typical problems Foundation Structure Distortion Transverse Cracks Spandrel Wall Separation Ring Separation Backfill (Saturated Backfill) Materials Effects of Water (Freeze Thaw, Leaching) Chemical Attacks (Mainly Various Types of Sulphate) Physical Erosion Vegetation
17 Typical problems
18 Typical problems
19 Physical measures (I) Maintenance, Repair and strengthening Repointing Patch repairs Arch grouting Underpinning Tie bars Stitching Waterproofing and/or drainage improvements Replacing backfill with concrete or reinforced fill Saddling Sprayed concrete Retro-reinforcing Prefabricated liners
20 Physical measures (I) Maintenance, Repair and strengthening Stitching Voussoir stitching Patch repair Crack stitching
21 Physical measures (I) Maintenance, Repair and strengthening Arch grouting Patch Repair
22 Physical measures (I) Maintenance, Repair and strengthening Corrugated steel liner
23 Physical measures (I) Maintenance, Repair and strengthening Waterproofing by Injection Radar Survey Conductivity Survey
24 Physical measures (I) Maintenance, Repair and strengthening Emergency Works
25 Physical measures (I) Maintenance, Repair and strengthening Stainless steel reinforcement anchored to structure
26 Physical measures (I) Maintenance, Repair and strengthening Piling
27 Concluding Remarks The Programme has just Started Experienced Team Knowledge Practical Experience Best Practice HELP! Owners Experts
28 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION ANY QUESTIONS?
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