Ship Structures - Basic Course (MMA130)
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1 Ship Structures - Basic Course (MMA130) Ragnar Larsson Department of Applied Mechanics Chalmers University of Technology Material and Computational Mechanics Group 1
2 à Ship Structures - Problem characteristics ü Size Largest man made mobile structure! Complex 3D geometry 13 ü Functional multiplicity of components Stability (against capsizing - structural stability) Low resistance High propulsive efficiency... ü Highly variable loading Static loading (dead load, cargo, bouyant pressure in calm water) Dynamic loading (wind, wave induced, bouyant pressure, engine, propeller...) Note, there is no fixed foundation! Load equilibrated by buoyant pressure fl Fluid structure interaction Material and Computational Mechanics Group 2
3 ü Ship failure modes Structural failure is not allowed to occur!!! Crucial in ship design. Ship = redundant welded stiffened plate-shell structure Issues to be considered: - Excessive material yielding (stress analysis, material modeling) - Buckling phenomena induced by compressive stresses (stability analysis) - Fatigue phenomena (induced cracking) (fatigue modeling, fracture mechanics) - Brittle fracture (fracture mechanics) Material and Computational Mechanics Group 3
4 L1. Ship structural loads, PNA à Static loads ü Calm water loads Difference between weight (ship+cargo) and the buoyancy of the ship in calm water Vary from voyage to voyage, various load cases due to ship loading Number of load cycles are Determined by - "typical" load cases - "worst" load case - Statistical methods Material and Computational Mechanics Group 4
5 ü Max static loads Mobile loads on ship: Heavy trains or trucks Wave induced loads (usually induces worst case): Hogging 16 Sagging ü Dynamic loads Wave induced dynamic loads Low frequency loads: same periodicity as waves (T = 5 20 s) Inertia can usually be omitted fl Quasi-static solution Material and Computational Mechanics Group 5
6 ü Modeling philosofy - Preliminary design stage Note! All forces are taken from simple approximate methods (determined by classification societies) Note! loading have both global (overall) and local structural effects Note! Design concerns both: Stress (deformation) - Stability - Vibration analyses Primary (overall) structure a) Beam theory: bending - torsional response b) Classification rules (international codes) c) FE modeling (simplified structure) Second and tertiary (local) structures d) Plate theory (effective breadth of stiffened plating) e) Buckling phenomea (beams and plates) f) FE modeling (detailed structure) Note! a) main focus of this course d,e) main focus of Ship Structures Advanced course, Q4 c) Material main focus and Computational FEM course in Mechanics Q3 Group 6
7 Course outline ü Aim of the course The course intends to give the student basic knowledge of ship structures, focused on the analysis of their strength. The theory is general while the applications are mainly on ship structures. The randomness or uncertainty to predict both the loads imposed on ship structure and the ability of the structure to withstand those loads are studied. ü Contents of the course In this course the engineering theory of bending and torsion of thin-walled elastic beams is treated in depth. Topics studied include: Elongation of an axially loaded bar. Bending - Bernoulli's hypothesis. Navier's stress formula. Shearing stresses. Saint-Venant's theory of torsion. Thin-walled sections. Vlasov's theory of torsion. The effect of preventing warping. The reliability of structures is treated by studying deterministic (or safety factor) methods, 7 semiprobablilistic Material and (or reliability Computational index) Mechanics methods and Group fully probabilistic methods.
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9 ü Course Overview Material and Computational Mechanics Group 9
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12 ü Beam theory: integration of stress resultants Static loads Quasi static loads 19 Note! Loads /m = Buoyancy /m - Weight /m ; Weight = ship load + cargo May be integrated in practical situation as j V j = p i x i, j = 1, 2, 3... N i=1 j M j = V i x i, j = 1, 2, 3... N i=1 Dynamics loads (inertia included, m ẋ. 0); (1) (2) Initial design: Static + quasi static loads and ship considered as thin-walled beam Material and Computational Mechanics Group 12
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