Evolution of Concrete using Recycled Aggregate, Coconut Shells and E-Waste as a Coarse Aggregate

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1 IJSTE - International Journal of Science Technology & Engineering Volume 2 Issue 03 September 2015 ISSN (online): X Evolution of Concrete using Recycled Aggregate, Coconut Shells and E-Waste as a Coarse Aggregate Pravin Zarbade Rajesh Joshi M. Tech Scholar Assistant Professor Department of Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering Bhopal, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Mahavidyalaya Bhopal, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Mahavidyalaya Devansh Jain Assistant Professor Department of Civil Engineering UIT-RGPV, Bhopal Abstract India is facing a big challenge in disposing the waste material in landfills all over the country. The landfill disposal is concluding in high disposal costs and effective environmental problems. If present trend continues, waste production will grow up approximately by 5% per year, which will at last result in soaked limit of landfills by This research article shows study on the after effects of an examination of usage of reused total, e-waste and coconut shells as extra material in cement blends to be utilized for lodging undertakings, for which it must be guaranteed that the subsequent cement has the best possible mechanical quality. Concrete blends containing different substance of the waste were readied and essential attributes, for example, compressive strength and water retention or water absorption were resolved and contrasted and a control blend. 16 mixes of M- 40 concrete is prepared containing 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% of coconut shells, Recycled aggregate and e-waste as a waste material, replacing coarse of aggregate, to evaluate the change in mechanical properties of concrete. The maximum size of aggregate was 20 mm along with this control concrete mix is also prepared. Keywords: Compressive Strength, Workability, E-waste, Recycle Concrete Aggregate, Coconut Shells, Concrete I. INTRODUCTION Exploration concerning the usage of by-items to increase the properties of cement has been continuing for quite a while. In the late years, the endeavors have been made to utilize industry by-items, for example, fly fiery debris, silica rage, Red mud, glass powder, and so forth., in common developments. The potential utilizations of industry by-items in solid are as halfway normal total substitution or as incomplete bond substitution, contingent upon their concoction creation and physical properties. The utilization of these materials in solid originates from the natural limitations in the sheltered transfer of these items. Enormous consideration is being centered on the earth and protecting of common assets and reusing of squanders materials. Really numerous businesses are creating a noteworthy number of items which consolidate scrap (buildups). In the most recent 20 years, a considerable measure of works concerning the utilization of a few sorts of urban squanders in building materials industrials procedure have been distributed. Numerous inquiries about have been reached out to mull over new sorts of squanders to examine profoundly specific perspectives. The expansion of squanders, aside from the natural advantages, likewise delivers great impacts on the properties of last items. The main objective of the present investigation is to evaluate the suitability of recycled concrete aggregate, recycled e-waste and coconut shells as a coarse aggregate in concrete. This investigation target to determine the optimum percentage of all these waste material as a partial replacement of coarse aggregate varies from 0% to 50% at a interval of 10, for M40 grade of concrete. II. METHODOLOGY A. Material Used 1) Cement: in this research project, Ordinary Portland cement of grade 43 is used, with consistency 31%, initial setting time 110 minutes and final setting time 320 minutes, specific gravity 3.15, fineness 2.30 and soundness 1.2 mm. 2) Coarse aggregate: Machine crushed 20 mm sized aggregate is used in this project 3) Fine aggregate: natural river sand is used in this research project 4) E-waste: recycled plastic is collected from recycle collection area. In this plastic TV, Radio, Cd-Dvd etc. included. All rights reserved by 25

2 B. Evolution of Concrete using Recycled Aggregate, Coconut Shells and E-Waste as a Coarse Aggregate 5) Recycle concrete aggregate: recycle concrete aggregate are collected from a demolished building site. Basically it is disintrigated concrete of beams, columns and Slabs. 6) Coconut shells: coconut shells are collected from coconut oil factories, husk is removed from these shells for its proper use. 7) Water: water used in this project if of municipal water supply, which satisfy specification given under IS 456:2000. Mix Design: mx design is done as per IS10262:2009, here total 16 mix are prepared and containing e-waste, recycle concrete aggregate and coconut shells. M-40 concrete are design with 20mm maximum size aggregate and water cement ratio is 0.4. C. Casting and Curing: 150mm*150mm*150mm sized, well compacted with total 144 cubes is cased. Curing is done at room temperature in clean water. D. Experimental program: On aggregates specific gravity, water absorption, bulking, abrasion, impact, crushing strength is performed. on fresh concrete slump cone test is performed to check its workability, on concrete cubes compressive strength test is performed after 7,14 and 28 days of curing. III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION Series of test were carried out on material, green & hardened concrete to obtain the workability strength characteristics of E- waste, Recycle Concrete Aggregate and Coconut shells for potential application as structural concrete. The results for material test on, water absorption test, specific gravity test, aggregate crushing value test, aggregate impact value test are given and discussed in this chapter. A. Test on Materials 1) Crushing Value Test Form the result of crushing value we come to know that the E-waste is having more resistance to the wear and tear than the natural aggregate. Result of Crushing value test is given below in table 1. Table 1 Aggregate Crushing Value Aggregate Natural Coarse Aggregate 15.22% E-waste 3.26% Recycle Concrete Aggregate 21.46% Coconut Shells 6.31 Crushing Value 2) Impact Value Test Impact test is the good indicator of strength and durability from the test result we can say that natural and E-waste are having wide difference of impact and crushing value, which again shows that aggregate of e-waste is stronger than that of natural aggregate. Result of impact test is given below in table 2. Table 2 Aggregate Impact Value Aggregate Impact Value Natural Coarse Aggregate 7.65% E-waste 2.89% Recycle Concrete Aggregate 12.40% Coconut Shells ) Abrasion Value Test Los angles abrasion test result shows that abrasion value of natural coarse aggregate is much higher than e-waste. Results of abrasion test are given in table 3. Table 3 Aggregate Abrasion test Aggregate Abrasion Value Natural Coarse Aggregate 11.23% E-waste 4.67% Recycle Concrete Aggregate 15.59% Coconut Shells 7.89 All rights reserved by 26

3 4) Specific Gravity Test Ratio of the density of any substance to the density is called specific gravity, results of specific gravity are given in table 4. Table 4 Result Specific Gravity Test Aggregate Natural Coarse Aggregate 2.70 Natural Fine Aggregate 2.62 E-waste 1.24 Recycle Concrete Aggregate 2.85 Coconut Shells 1.62 Cement 3.15 Specific Gravity 5) Fineness Modulus Sieve analysis test is performed on the aggregate i.e Natural coarse aggregate, Natural fine aggregate and E-waste and their result given in table 5. Table 5 Result of sieve Analysis Test Result Aggregate Natural Coarse Aggregate 2.65 Natural Fine Aggregate 1.92 E-waste 2.80 Recycle Concrete Aggregate 3.10 Coconut Shells 2.56 Cement 4.1 Fineness Modulus 6) Water absorption Water absorption of is performed on the aggregate and it has find that all aggregate have water absorption below 5% and their result given in table 6. Table 6 Result of Water Absorption Test Aggregate Water Absorption % Natural Coarse Aggregate 1.83 Natural Fine Aggregate E-waste 0.05 Recycle Concrete Aggregate 4.48 Coconut Shells 5.50% 7) Bulking of Sand Natural Sand is used as a fine aggregate and Bulking of sand observed is ) Combined Test Result All material test result is combined given in table 7 below B. Table 7 Combined Test Result S. No. Test Natural Aggregate E-waste Recycle Concrete Aggregate Coconut Shells Fine Aggregate Cement 1 Water Absorption 1.83% 0.05% 4.48% 5.50% 0.206% - 2 Specific gravity Crushing value % 3.26 % 21.46% Impact value 7.65% 2.89% Abrasion value 11.23% 4.67% Fineness Modulus Bulking of Sand Slump Cone Test 1) E-waste concrete Workability is the ease of work, here workability is tested by slump cone test. When coarse aggregate is partially replaced by e- waste and it has been observed that when e-waste content increased, workability of the concrete also increased. Result of workability of e-waste concrete are given below in table 8 and graph 1-2. Table 8 Workability of E-waste Concrete E-Waste Mix Slump (mm) 0% E % E % E % E30 73 All rights reserved by 27

4 40% E % E50 89 Fig. 1: Graph 1 & Graph 2: Workability of E-Waste Concrete 2) Recycle Concrete Aggregate Concrete When we recycle concrete aggregate is introduced in concrete, its workability decreased with the increasing content of recycle concrete aggregate, its workability result are given in table 9 and graph 3-4. Table 9 Workability of Recycle concrete Aggregate Concrete E-Waste Mix Slump (mm) 0% RA % RA % RA % RA % RA % RA50 45 Fig. 2: Graph 3 & Graph 4: Workability of Recycle Concrete Aggregate Concrete 3) Coconut Shell Concrete When coconut shells is partially replaced by coarse aggregate in concrete, it has been observed that workability decrease by the increasing content of coconut shells. Result of workability of coconut shells concrete are given below in table 10 and graph 5-6. Table -10 Workability of Coconut Shells Concrete Coconut Shells Mix Slump (mm) 0% CS % CS % CS % CS % CS % CS50 63 All rights reserved by 28

5 Fig. 3: Graph 5 & Graph 6: Workability of Coconut Shells Concrete 4) Comparison of Workability When coconut shells, E-waste and recycle concrete aggregate is partially by coarse aggregate, we observe that introduction of E- waste increased the workability of concrete where recycle concrete aggregate and coconut shells decreased the workability of concrete. comparison of workability test result are given in table 11 and graph 7-8. Table 11 Comparison of Workability Test Results Percentage Replacement Slump (mm) Coconut shells Recycle Concrete Aggregate E-waste 0% % % % % % C. Compression Test Fig. 4: Graph 7 & Graph 8: Comparison of Workability Test Results 1) Compressive Strength of E-waste Concrete Partial replacement of coarse aggregate by E-waste, it has been observed that compressive strength of the concrete decreased with the increase in the percentage of e-waste in concrete. Compressive strength test result of e-waste concrete are given below in table 12 and graph Table - 12 Compressive Strength of E-Waste Concrete Electronic Waste Mix Compressive Strength N/mm2 7 Days 14 Days 28 Days 0% E % E % E % E % E % E All rights reserved by 29

6 Fig. 5: Graph 9 & Graph 10: Compressive Strength of E-Waste Concrete 2) Compressive Strength of Recycle Aggregate Concrete When we added recycle concrete aggregate in concrete and it has been observed that Compressive strength of the concrete is decreased with increase in the content of recycle concrete aggregate. Compressive strength of the recycle concrete aggregate concrete is given in table 13 and table Table 13 Compressive Strength of Recycle concrete Aggregate Concrete Recycle Aggregate Concrete Compressive Strength (MPa) 7 Days 14 Days 28 Days RA RA RA RA RA RA Fig. 6: Graph 11 & Graph 12: Compressive Strength of Recycle concrete Aggregate Concrete 3) Compressive Strength of Coconut Shell Concrete When coconut shells is added to concrete, compressive strength of the concrete is decreased with increasing coconut shells content. Results of compressive strength test are given in table 14 and graph Table 14 Compressive Strength of Coconut Shell Concrete Compressive Strength N/mm2 Coconut Shells Mix 7 Days 14 Days 28 Days 0% CS % CS % CS % CS % CS % CS All rights reserved by 30

7 Fig. 7: Graph 13 & Graph 14 Compressive Strength of Coconut Shell Concrete 4) Comparison of Compressive Strength When coconut shells, E-waste and recycle concrete aggregate is partially by coarse aggregate, we observe that introduction of E- waste, recycle concrete aggregate and coconut shells decreased the compressive strength of concrete. Comparison of workability test result are given in table 15 and graph Table 15 Comparison of Compressive Strength test Percentage Replacement Compressive Strength at 28 days (N/mm2) Coconut shells Recycle Concrete Aggregate E-waste 0% % % % % % Fig. 8: Graph 15 & Graph 16: Comparison of Compressive Strength test IV. CONCLUSION This study intended to find the effective ways to reutilize the e-waste, recycle concrete aggregate and coconut shells particles as coarse aggregate. Following points has been observed from the present study. 1) Workability is the ease of work, here workability is tested by slump cone test. When coarse aggregate is partially replaced by e-waste and it has been observed that when e-waste content increased, workability of the concrete also increased. 2) When we recycle concrete aggregate is introduced in concrete, its workability decreased with the increasing content of recycle concrete aggregate 3) When coconut shells is partially replaced by coarse aggregate in concrete, it has been observed that workability decrease by the increasing content of coconut shells. Result of workability of coconut shells concrete 4) When coconut shells, E-waste and recycle concrete aggregate is partially by coarse aggregate, we observe that introduction of E-waste increased the workability of concrete where recycle concrete aggregate and coconut shells decreased the workability of concrete. All rights reserved by 31

8 5) Partial replacement of coarse aggregate by E-waste, it has been observed that compressive strength of the concrete decreased with the increase in the percentage of e-waste in concrete. 6) When we added recycle concrete aggregate in concrete and it has been observed that Compressive strength of the concrete is decreased with increase in the content of recycle concrete aggregate. 7) When coconut shells are added to concrete, compressive strength of the concrete is decreased with increasing coconut shells content. 8) When coconut shells, E-waste and recycle concrete aggregate is partially by coarse aggregate, we observe that introduction of E-waste, recycle concrete aggregate and coconut shells decreased the compressive strength of concrete. REFERENCES [1] Limbachiya, M. C., Leelawat, T. and Dhir, R. K. (2000), Use of Recycled Concrete Aggregate in High-Strength Concrete, Material and Structure, Vol. 33, pp [2] Buyle-Bodin, F. and Hadijieva-Zaharieva, R. (2000), Influence of Industrial Produced Recycled Aggregate on Flow Properties of Concrete, Material and Structures, Vol. 35, pp [3] Nelson and Shing Chai NGO, High-Strength Structural Concrete with Recycled Aggregate, viewed [4] Limbachiya, M. C., Koulouris, A., Roberts, J. J. and Fried, A. N. (2004), Performance of Recycled Aggregate Concrete, RILEM Publications SARL, pp [5] Fong F. K. Winston, Yeung S. K. Jaime, and Poon, C. S., Hong Kong Experience of Using Recycled Aggregate from Construction and Demolished Materials in Ready Mix Concrete, viewed 26 Jun [6] Michał Bołtryk, Dorota Małaszkiewicz and Edyta Pawluczuk, Basic Technical Properties Of Recycled Aggregate Concrete, viewed [7] Ismail Abdul Rahman and Hasrudin Hamdam (2009), Assessment of Recycled Aggregate Concrete, Modern Applied Science, vol.3, No.10, pp [8] Yong, P. C. and Teo, D. C. (2009), Utilisation of Recycled Aggregate as Coarse Aggregate in Concrete, UNIMAS E-Journal of Civil Engineering, vol. 1, issue1, pp 1-6. [9] S. W. Tabsh and A. S. Abdelfatah, Influence of recycled concrete aggregates on strength properties of concrete, Construction and Building Materials, vol. 23, no. 2, pp ,2009. [10] IS : 2009, Bureau of Indian Standard, New Delhi. [11] IS , Bureau of Indian Standard, New Delhi. [12] IS 45:2000, Bureau of Indian Standard, New Delhi. [13] IS 1343:1980, Bureau of Indian Standard, New Delhi. [14] IS 383, Bureau of Indian Standard, New Delhi. [15] IS , Bureau of Indian Standard, New Delhi. [16] IS 516:1959, Bureau of Indian Standard, New Delhi. [17] IS 2386(part IV) -1963, Bureau of Indian Standard, New Delhi. [18] IS , Bureau of Indian Standard, New Delhi. [19] IS , Bureau of Indian Standard, New Delhi. All rights reserved by 32