Green Building Site Concerns, Materials and Products

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1 Green Building Site Concerns, Materials and Products Presented by: Joseph Crocker Appalachian State University ASU Energy Center

2 Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design LEED TM The United States Green Building Council usgbc.org

3 USGBC LEED TM Six Categories of Credits: Sustainable Sites (14 points) Water Efficiency (5 points) Energy and Atmosphere (17 points) Materials and Resources (13 points) Indoor Environmental Quality (15 points) Innovation and Design Process (5 points) ================================== TOTAL possible points (69 points)

4 Sustainable Sites Erosion and Sedimentation control (prerequisite) Site selection Urban redevelopment Brownfield redevelopment Alternative transportation Reduced site disturbance Stormwater management Reduce heat islands Light pollution reduction

5 Sustainable Sites Prerequisite 1 - Erosion and Sedimentation Control 1. Provide an erosion and sedimentation control plan 2. Prevent topsoil loss due to storm and wind erosion 3. Prevent sedimentation of storm sewer and streams 4. Prevent polluting the air with dust and particulate matter

less than 5 feet above the 100-year flood plain Within

6 Sustainable Sites Credit SS 1 - Site Selection Avoid building on (5 criteria): Prime agricultural land Land less than 5 feet above the 100-year flood plain Within 100 feet of wetlands Threatened species habitat Prior public parkland

7 Sustainable Sites Credit SS 2 - Urban Redevelopment 60,000 sq. ft. per acre Density radius 2 story downtown development

8 Sustainable Sites Credit SS 3 - Brownfield Redevelopment Remediate and develop a Brownfield site Definition of brownfield can include perceived contamination

2 Public transportation Access Bicycle storage and changing

9 SS 4.1 Sustainable Sites Credit SS 4 - Alternate Transportation( 4 points available) SS 4.2 Public transportation Access Bicycle storage and changing rooms (5%) and showers SS 4.3 Alternative-fuel vehicles (3%) SS 4.4 Parking capacity and carpooling

10 Sustainable Sites Credit SS 5 - Reduced Site Disturbance (2 points available) SS 5.1 Protect or restore open space 5 feet beyond roads, curbs, walkways, etc 40 feet beyond building perimeter 25 beyond constructed areas OR, on previously developed sites, restore 50% degraded habitat SS 5.2 Development footprint Exceed open space requirement by 25% Campus, bases etc. have special requirements

11 Sustainable Sites Credit SS 6 - Stormwater Management SS Rate and Quantity SS Treatment

materials for 30% OR place 50% of parking underground OR use open grid pavement for

12 Sustainable Sites Credit SS 7 - Landscape & Exterior Design to Reduce Heat Islands SS Shade 30% of non-roof impervious surfaces OR use light-colored/reflective materials for 30% OR place 50% of parking underground OR use open grid pavement for 50% of parking SS High performance roof OR 50% vegetated roof Atlanta 1972 Atlanta 1993

13 Sustainable Sites Credit SS 8 - Light Pollution Reduction Meet IESNA foot-candle levels AND design so that zero direct beam illumination leaves the building site

14 Water Efficiency Efficient landscaping Innovative technologies Use reduction

Water Efficiency Credit WE 1 Water Efficient Landscaping WE 1.

15 Water Efficiency Credit WE 1 Water Efficient Landscaping WE Use micro irrigation or capture water to reduce irrigation by 50% WE Use only captured water or install no permanent irrigation system

16 NC Healthy Built Homes Soil / Amendments Develop an erosion control site plan. Use of redundant mulch, compost, or straw bales for erosion control. Temporary planting of cover crops on disturbed land areas within two weeks of completing rough grading activities. Vegetation Trees and natural features on site protected during construction (min 25% of development or lot). Tree planting (minimum 12 trees per acre of developed land) Provide tree preservation plan. Individual trees fenced at drip line enter Preserve or create Backyard Wildlife Habitats using thenational Wildlife Federation certification or equivalent. Grind stumps and limbs for mulch. Development 10 Mill cleared logs. 2 Signature or Inspection 11 Sidewalk connects house to business district (max 2 miles) 12 Use B20 blend bio-diesel for 90% of all diesel fueled construction equipment.

17 NC Healthy Built Homes Drought resistant guidebook given to homeowner. Provide a site specific drought resistant planting plan for homeowner / potential buyer. Permeable materials used for driveways. Permeable materials used for 50% walkways and patios. Install vegetated roof system to reduce impervious surface: 25% of roof is vegetated roof system 50% of roof is vegetated roof system 75% of roof is vegetated roof system 100% of roof is vegetated roof system Installed landscape is drought resistant for non-paved area: 50% of non-paved area 100% of non-paved area

18 NC Healthy Built Homes Rainwater harvested and directed toward landscaping needs. Install rain gardens, bio-retensions basin, or infiltration strips to reduce storm water impacts. Installed irrigation system is zoned separately for turf and bedding areas. Installed irrigation system includes a soil moisture or rain sensor, or other irrigation efficiency device. Greywater irrigation system is installed where allowed by code.

19 Materials and Resources Recyclables (prerequisite) Building reuse Construction waste Resource reuse Recycled content Regional materials Rapidly renewable materials Certified wood

20 Materials and Resources MR Prerequisite 1 -Storage & Collection of Recyclables Design an adequate method and area for separation, collection, and storage of recycled materials including: Paper Cardboard Glass Plastics metals

21 Materials and Resources 3 Points Available Maintain 75% of existing shell Maintain 100% of existing shell Maintain 100% of existing shell AND 50% of non-shell Do not block railroad tracks

Materials and Resources Credit MR 2 - Construction Waste Management MR 2.

22 Materials and Resources Credit MR 2 - Construction Waste Management MR Recycle/salvage 50% C & D and land clearing waste MR Recycle/salvage 75% C & D and land clearing waste

23 Materials and Resources Credit MR 3 - Resource Reuse MR3.1 - Specify salvaged/ refurbished for 5% of all materials MR3.1 - Specify salvaged/ refurbished for 10% of all materials Credit MR 4 - Recycled Content MR 4.1-5% recycled content (postconsumer + 1/2 post-industrial) MR % recycled content (postconsumer + 1/2 post-industrial) Credit MR 5 - Local / Regional Materials 20% Manufactured locally Half of above locally harvested

24 Materials and Resources Credit MR 6 - Rapidly Renewable Materials materials harvested in less than 10 year cycles Credit MR 7 - Certified Wood 50% wood-based materials FSC certified

25 Healthy Built Homes: Materials House does not exceed 2500 square feet of conditioned area (excluding crawl space). House does not exceed 2000 square feet of conditioned area (excluding crawl space). House does not exceed 1500 square feet of conditioned area (excluding crawl space). Construction Material Waste Recycle construction site waste: Recycle jobsite waste min 1lb per sf of conditioned space Recycle jobsite waste min 2lbs per sf of conditioned space Recycle jobsite waste min 3lbs per sf of conditioned space Recycle specific materials that have known markets (99%): Drywall (recycle or grind and spread on site) Recycle wood waste (or grind and spread on site) 3 Recycle metal waste, Recycle cardboard waste Recycle plastic(s) waste, Recycle shingle waste

26 Materials (cont.) Prohibit burying construction waste on site. Central, organized cutting area for project site. Donation of excess materials or re-use of materials (min $500/job). Job site framing plan with locations of studs, joists, and roof structure with cut list. Exterior/Structural System Materials Concrete with fly ash (min 25% fly ash) for slab/floor. Recycled concrete or glass cullet used for aggregate in concrete. Dimensional or engineered lumber from third-party certified sustainably harvested sources used in: Floor framing members Wall framing members Roof framing members Continuous foundation termite flashing. Engineered alternative replaces large dimension solid lumber (2x10 or greater) in 90% or more of various structural systems (i.e. trusses, joists): Floor structural system(s) Roof structural system(s)

27 Materials (cont.) 15 Use engineered lumber for 90% or greater of wall framing members. Includes finger-jointed studs. Use engineered alternatives to wood framing for 90% or greater of all structural systems All headers are steel (with thermal break) or engineered wood. Install window and door flashings at all exterior openings. Stucco, with drainage plane, on 50% or more of exterior wall area. Exterior cladding (min 3 sides with 40-year product life warranty or masonry). Back and edge-primed siding and trim. Indigenous stone (within 300 miles) on 50% or more of exterior wall area.

28 Materials (cont.) Wood siding is 100% from third-party certified sustainably harvested sources, 50% or more of exterior wall area. or Fiber cement siding on 50% or more of exterior wall area. Recycled and/or recovered-content siding (minimum 50% pre or postconsumer) on 50% or more of exterior wall area. 2 FW; Signature or All beams are steel, engineered wood, or trusses. Fiber cement or engineered wood exterior trim: Fascia, Soffit Other exterior trims Recycled-content roofing material. Light roof color (tile or metal). Light Reflectance Value (LRV) of.50 or greater for roofs with a slope >2:12 or.65 or greater for low slope roofs <2:12. Provide metal roof drip edge. Roof gutters/downspouts discharge water min 5 feet from foundation. Covered entry ways above all doors; minimum 2 deep, maximum 2 above door Recycled-content insulation:minimum 25% recycled content, Minimum 75% recycled content

29 Materials (cont.) Install regionally obtained salvaged or reclaimed materials for min. 25% of floors and interior trim Use alternative underlayment product (no Lauan): Natural cork / 100% recycled or recovered content underlayment used Padding containing % recycled content Natural fiber carpet made with natural latex rather than SB latex backing. Natural linoleum in place of any vinyl sheet flooring or vinyl composition tile, with low toxic adhesives or backing. Install min. 25% of flooring manufactured from rapidly renewable resource material (engineered product is acceptable). Install 3rd party certified sustainably harvested wood flooring. Install 3rd party certified sustainably harvested interior trim Interior paints or finishes with recycled-content. Engineered interior trim--finger-jointed and/or MDF trim. Recycled and/or recovered content gypsum wallboard. No Lauan doors (tropical hardwood). Doors made from third-party certified sustainably harvested wood. Recycled and/or recovered content doors. 100% agricultural waste or 100% recycled wood particleboard/mdf for shelving/countertops.

30 Energy and Atmosphere Fundamental building commissioning (prerequisite) Minimum energy performance (prerequisite) CFC reduction (prerequisite) Optimize performance Renewable Energy Additional commissioning Eliminate HCFCs and Halons Measurement and verification Green power

31 Energy and Atmosphere Credit EA 1 - Optimize Energy Performance Compliance with 90.1 is Prerequisite Design to exceed ASHRAE (ECB) Model buildings to optimize performance New Existing Points 20% 10% 2 30% 20% 4 40% 30% 6 50% 40% 8 60% 50% 10

32 Energy and Atmosphere Credit EA 2 - Renewable Energy (3 points possible) Energy Use Points 5% 1 10% 2 20% 3

33 What is a Green Product?

34 Windows 2 Key Factors U-factor Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC)

35 U-Factor: How well a window stops heat loss U-factor = Conductive Heat Transfer R-value = 1/ U-factor The lower the U-value, the greater a window's resistance to heat flow and the better its insulating value.

36 Solar Water Heating

37 Solar Electric Systems

38 Raised Heel Truss Insulate full height over exterior wall Raised Heel Truss Baffling to prevent insulation from blocking ventilation

39 Foundation Wall and Slab Moisture Control

40 Rain Screen / Drainage Plane

41 Properly Installed Insulation

42 Infiltration Controls Code

43 Heat Pump Water Heaters Energy Factor up to 2.5 (250%) Save from 33% to 50% of water heating costs with EF up to 2.5 Some units can provide air conditioning or residential ventilation Installed cost: $1,000 to $2,500 with annual savings of $150 to 200 Estimated payback is 2-5 years.

44 Structurally Insulated Panels SIP

45 Insulated Concrete Forms

47 Heat Pump and Furnace Upgrades High efficiency Zoned systems Variable speed Heat pump with Gas Heat

ASHRAE Standard 62-1989 Living Area: Kitchen: Bath: 0.

48 ASHRAE Standard Living Area: Kitchen: Bath: 0.35 ACH Natural, or 15 cfm per person 100 cfm intermittent or 25 cfm continuous or operable window 50 cfm intermittent or 20 cfm continuous or operable window

49 Fresh, Make-Up Ventilation Air

50 AirCyler Fan Control Schedules fresh air intake

51 Heat Recovery Ventilation Heat Recovery Core

52 Many green features have little or no additional first cost or effort involved Reduced Site disturbance Drip line protection Sedimentation control Habitat restoration Construction waste disposal Rainwater collection Xeriscape (water efficient) landscaping Low flow fixtures Building orientation and shading Properly installed insulation Programmable thermostats Advanced framing techniques and air sealing Right sized HVAC Flooring, cabinets, sidings and many other high quality products available with recycled content and post industrial waste in their content Low VOC paints and finishes Fresh air ventilation and low sone fans Recycling bins And many more

53 Some green building features involve a change in practice that effectively moves costs from one budget to another or cost shifting. Example: Through practices such as reducing air infiltration increasing insulation, choosing high performance windows orienting and shading our buildings with respect to the sun we can then dramatically downsize the heating and air conditioning system as well as a build a house that will have dramatically lower energy costs and greatly improved indoor environmental control and performance.

54 Investing in Efficiency Increasing efficiency levels in heat pumps, air conditioners, furnaces and boilers. Choosing energy star appliances Compact florescent lighting High efficiency water heating High performance (low e) windows Increased insulation

55 Some green items are an investment made for reasons other than the immediate financial return: Self reliance, environmental stewardship, and an investment in the future as well as a potential long term financial return on the investment Renewable energy systems (Photovoltaic, Wind turbines) Solar water heating Vegetated roof systems Porous concrete / specialty mixes /innovative products Some green products do command a higher price than their conventional counterpart (ex. certified lumber). Potential for financial return may also be realized in future resale value

56 Questions and Comments? Thank you for attending the workshop. Please fill out your evaluation form and let us know your questions and comments. Come to visit Southface in Boone: Jeff Tiller, Scott Suddreth, Laura Johnston, and Joe Crocker /FAX

Green Remodeling Illustrations GREEN REMODELING ILLUSTRATIONS GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES FOR HOME REMODELING

Green Remodeling Illustrations GREEN REMODELING ILLUSTRATIONS GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES FOR HOME REMODELING WWW.STOPWASTE.ORG New Addition Consider the following green remodeling options in a new addition.