AIA/CES REGISTERED: 1.0 HSW LU HOUR

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2 AIA/CES REGISTERED: 1.0 HSW LU HOUR This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation. 2

3 Copyrighted Materials This presentation is protected by U.S. and international copyright laws. Reproduction, distribution, display and use of the presentation without written permission of Oldcastle Architectural Product Group is prohibited MoistureShield is part of the Architectural Products Group of Oldcastle 3

4 Learning Objectives After completing this course, participants will be able to: Articulate how composite decking manufacturing techniques affect the material s performance and environmental attributes Discuss the physical characteristics of composite decking compared to traditional wood decking Describe the green building benefits of composite decking and ways it can contribute to green building ratings for both residential and commercial spaces Explain what composite decking options and accessories are available to help design attractive, long lasting decks, docks, walkways, and other surfaces 4

5 Overview Manufacturing Aesthetics and Design Green Building Installation Maintenance 5

6 Composite Decking Manufacturing 6

Materials & Manufacturing Methods The material mix and manufacturing methods used with wood-plastic composites determine how well a given product will stand up to different exposure conditions.

7 Materials & Manufacturing Methods The material mix and manufacturing methods used with wood-plastic composites determine how well a given product will stand up to different exposure conditions. Typically a blend of wood flour or small wood fibers and polyethylene plastics Small quantities of additives within the overall mix can include pigments, stabilizers, and in some cases, mold and UV protectants A common ratio of wood to plastic is 50/50; however, there are some manufacturers that use as much as 70% wood content 7

8 Materials & Manufacturing Methods Encapsulation of the wood fibers is vital for the long-term durability of wood-plastic composites. Encapsulation is affected by the wood-plastic ratio, the wood fiber size and manufacturing process Some manufacturers use larger size wood pulp, rather than wood flour, along with a proprietary heat process to totally encapsulate the wood fibers within plastic 8

9 Moisture Resistance Composite decking with fully encapsulated wood fibers can be used in high-moisture exposure environments, including full submersion 9

Common profiles include nominal dimensions of: 1 x 5 Actual (1.0 x 5.

10 Physical Properties Sizes Wood-plastic composite deck boards come in similar sizes as conventional lumber. Common profiles include nominal dimensions of: 1 x 5 Actual (1.0 x 5.0 ) 1 x 6 5/4 x 6 Actual (1.0 x 5.4 ) Actual (1.175 x 5.4 ) Typical lengths range from 12 to 20 ft. 10

Physical Properties Weight Composite deck boards tend to be denser and heavier than wood decking. General example - redwood weighs approximately 1.1 lbs./linear ft. (1.6 kg/m) for a 5/4 x 6 in.

11 Physical Properties Weight Composite deck boards tend to be denser and heavier than wood decking. General example - redwood weighs approximately 1.1 lbs./linear ft. (1.6 kg/m) for a 5/4 x 6 in. (32 x 152 mm) board, while the weight for a similar size composite board is about 2.5 lbs./linear ft. (3.7 kg/m) Redwood Composite To reduce weight, some manufacturers offer hollow boards and/or engineered boards ( ribbed or fluted ) Weight Comparison (lbs/ft) 11

Physical Properties Load Capacity As with lumber, the maximum allowable uniform live load for joist-mounted composite decking depends largely on the width and thickness of the individual boards and

12 Physical Properties Load Capacity As with lumber, the maximum allowable uniform live load for joist-mounted composite decking depends largely on the width and thickness of the individual boards and the oncenter spacing of the underlying joists. Example allowable load for composite deck boards: 1 x 5.4 (25 x 137 mm) actual dimensions of deck board Joists at 16 in. (406 mm) on-center 100 lbs./sq. ft. (4.79 kpa) allowable uniform live load 12

Physical Properties Hardness A decking material s ability to resist denting affects its long-term aesthetics and potentially the maintenance and replacement frequency for individual boards or the

13 Physical Properties Hardness A decking material s ability to resist denting affects its long-term aesthetics and potentially the maintenance and replacement frequency for individual boards or the overall deck surface. The hardness of composite deck boards depends on the specific wood-to-plastic ratio and manufacturing methods. Janka Ball Hardness Test - measures the force needed to embed a 0.44 in. (11 mm) diameter steel ball to half its diameter within a material. On this scale, one widely available composite decking brand is significantly harder than redwood 1,352 lbf (6.0 kn) vs. approximately 425 lbf (1.9 kn). 13

Physical Properties Thermal Expansion Like all building products, both wood and composite decking experience thermal expansion and contraction, so boards must be spaced when installed typically 1/4

14 Physical Properties Thermal Expansion Like all building products, both wood and composite decking experience thermal expansion and contraction, so boards must be spaced when installed typically 1/4 in. laterally between boards and 1/8 in. at butt joints. Spacing also helps provide ventilation and drainage. Wood-plastic composite products have lower thermal expansion than all-plastic decking 14

15 Physical Properties Surface Burning Commonly available wood-plastic composite decking has Class C fire ratings, comparable to the typical wood species that building professionals use in deck joists and other structural members. 15

Physical Properties Slip Resistance The coefficient of friction for composite decking varies by product make-up and the presence of surface patterns such as

16 Physical Properties Slip Resistance The coefficient of friction for composite decking varies by product make-up and the presence of surface patterns such as embossed graining. Depending on the specific product, composite decking can be less slippery when wet than wood, with a coefficient of friction similar to smooth asphalt. 16

17 Physical Properties Splintering Given its small wood fibers and their plastic encapsulation, composite decking is splinter-free. 17

18 Aesthetics & Design 18

19 Today s Composites Wood-plastic composites have significantly advanced in both performance and appearance since their introduction in the late 1980s. 19

Color Options In addition to natural wood tones, color options can

matched to create interesting patterns or highlights.

first six months after installation High performance boards available in

natural wood colors: Boards with extra protection available in the

20 Color Options In addition to natural wood tones, color options can include grays, earth tones, exotics and others, which can be mixed and matched to create interesting patterns or highlights. Note: Composite decking will typically weather to a lighter shade in the first six months after installation High performance boards available in the following rustic colors: Standard boards available in the following natural wood colors: Boards with extra protection available in the following rich wood colors: Modern variegated composite deck boards available in the following beautiful colors: 20

Advanced Board Aesthetics Composite decking manufacturers frequently introduce new colors and aesthetic advances in their decking and railing.

21 Advanced Board Aesthetics Composite decking manufacturers frequently introduce new colors and aesthetic advances in their decking and railing. The newest options include boards with vibrant colors and striking visual patterns that emulate exotic woods. The technology behind these next generation products will eventually enable customization of the surface appearance of deck boards. 21

22 Product Profiles Composite deck boards are available in solid, hollow, ribbed (engineered) and cap stock profiles, and with or without grooved sides for hidden fastening systems. Solid w/ Grooves Hollow Ribbed/Engineered Solid w/o Grooves PVC Wrapped Composite (aka Cap Stock) Co-Extruded Cap 22

23 Design Flexibility Composite deck boards can be bent or shaped to create interesting visual effects, including rounded benches, steps and arbors, or deck surfaces with curved highlights or inlaid patterns. 23

Performance Advances: Cooler Decking While any dark colored decking absorbs sunlight, and can heat-up, as composites are denser than traditional wood decking, some products can become uncomfortably

24 Performance Advances: Cooler Decking While any dark colored decking absorbs sunlight, and can heat-up, as composites are denser than traditional wood decking, some products can become uncomfortably hot. One new option is to address this problem is composite deck boards that optimize heat reflection. These boards absorb up to 35% less heat than conventional capped composites in similar colors, for a noticeably lower surface temperature in direct sun. 24

25 Fastening To attach composite boards to underlying structural members, contractors can use screws, hidden fastening systems or nails. Nails Hidden Fasteners Countersunk Screws 25

26 Railing The IRC typically requires railing to prevent falls from decks that are higher than 30 (76 cm) above grade Railings also can be used as a design feature Many options available from contemporary to rustic Composite Aluminum 26

27 Railing (cont.) Glass panel Rope Cable 27

28 Railing (cont.) Mixed Media 28

29 Deck Lights Designers can choose from a wide range of deck light options for form and function Rail strips Stair Post Rail Post Cap 29

V-B construction under the International Building Code (IBC) In

30 Building Codes Building professionals generally can use composite decking and railing in any occupancy group in: Type V-B construction under the International Building Code (IBC) In buildings constructed under the International Residential Code (IRC) 30

31 Residential Applications 31

from inside home and from deck Composite decking specified to stand up to the elements

32 Case Study - Residential Minnesota Lakefront Home Minneapolis/St. Paul area 650 square foot, multi-level deck Designed to preserve sweeping views of lake from inside home and from deck Composite decking specified to stand up to the elements Boards with realistic wood-grain finish and enriched color variegation Hidden fasteners for a smooth surface 32

33 Commercial / Institutional Applications 33

Case Study - Commercial Maxx Royal Kemer Resort Hotel Antalya, Turkey Oceanfront deck at Azure Turk restaurant Ranked as one of the most beautiful hotels

34 Case Study - Commercial Maxx Royal Kemer Resort Hotel Antalya, Turkey Oceanfront deck at Azure Turk restaurant Ranked as one of the most beautiful hotels in the world Property was a finalist in 2015 World Architecture Festival Awards Composite decking chosen for beauty and durability in the demanding climate 34

35 Case Study - Institutional Lower Yahara River Trail Madison, Wisconsin North America s longest boardwalk bridge dedicated to non-motorized transportation Moisture-resistant composite decking specified to withstand snowy Wisconsin winters Look of authentic wood decking 35

36 Green Building Characteristics 36

Pre-consumer Materials generated by manufacturers and processors - scrap, trimmings and saw dust from mill waste, construction

37 Recycled Content The use of recycled content both the wood and plastic is a primary environmental attribute of some composite decking. Sources can include pre- and post-consumer materials. Pre-consumer Materials generated by manufacturers and processors - scrap, trimmings and saw dust from mill waste, construction debris and waste pallets & pallet wrap Post-consumer Material waste that has been used and disposed of by consumers and diverted from landfills - detergent bottles, milk jugs, grocery bags and food packaging waste 37

38 Pre- & Post-Consumer The environmental benefits of using recycled materials can be substantial, as it reduces waste going to landfills, and reduces or eliminate tree harvesting, depending on the brand. 38

Durability Another key green attribute of composite decking is

materials needing replacement over time Composites typically

39 Durability Another key green attribute of composite decking is its durability. Composites are anticipated to last two to three times longer than wood decking, which can greatly reduce the amount of materials needing replacement over time Composites typically don t require painting or staining, so impacts are reduced by eliminating the use of these substances year-after-year 39

Third-Party Certification The International Code Council Evaluation Service (ICC-ES) SAVE Program Sustainable Attributes Verification and Evaluation issues evaluation reports that show at a glance

40 Third-Party Certification The International Code Council Evaluation Service (ICC-ES) SAVE Program Sustainable Attributes Verification and Evaluation issues evaluation reports that show at a glance the environmental categories for which the products are eligible to contribute points under the: National Green Building Standard ; LEED for Homes; LEED for New Construction and Major Renovations; and California Green Building Standards Code (CALGreen) 40

41 LEED Green Building Rating System Composite decking can help project teams earn points in LEED v4: Product Attribute Recycled content (some products contain up to 95%) Long-term durability compared to wood decking Eliminated need for painting and staining to maintain decking LEED Component Reduce Raw Material Resources Extraction Reduce Negative Environmental Impacts throughout the Materials Life- Cycle 41

42 LEED Green Building Rating System Potential contributions toward LEED points: LEED v4 for Building Design & Construction MR Credit: Building Product Disclosure & Optimization Sourcing of Raw Materials Option 2. Leadership Extraction Practices Recycled content LEED v4 for Homes MR Credit: Environmentally Preferable Products Option 2. Environmentally Preferable Products The product contains at least 25% post-consumer or 50% pre-consumer content 42

43 Installation 43

44 Getting Started Before design or installation begins, consult local building codes. Some common building code requirements for decking include: Residential minimum handrail height is generally 36 inches. Multi-family minimum handrail height is generally 42 inches. Baluster maximum spacing is generally 4 inches (clear distance between balusters. Maximum gap between bottom rail and deck surface is generally 4 inches. Some codes require a 2-inch maximum gap for multifamily applications. 44

45 Joist Spacing When composite deck boards are installed perpendicular to the joists, maximum joist spacing is typically 16 on-center. For diagonal deck boards, 12 on-center joist spacing is needed to provide the required support. 45

46 Tools Tool needed for composite decking installation include: Hammer Level Tape measure Power Screw Driver Rasp Circular saw (carbide-tipped blade with fewer than 20 teeth is recommended) Chalk line (blue often specified since other colored chalk may stain the deck) 46

Concealing Screw Heads Countersink the screw

47 Concealing Screw Heads Countersink the screw into the decking material approximately ¼ inch. Using your thumb, lightly push the displaced decking material over the hole left by the trim head screw. Tap with a hammer to cover the trim head screw with decking material. 47

48 Maintenance 48

Maintenance Composite decking may not require preservative treatments, water sealing, or staining, but all decking should be periodically cleaned according to manufacturer recommendations to maintain

49 Maintenance Composite decking may not require preservative treatments, water sealing, or staining, but all decking should be periodically cleaned according to manufacturer recommendations to maintain aesthetics and prevent mold and mildew. Commercially available deck cleaners are generally suitable. Pressure Washer Pressure washers can be used to clean composite decking. Depending on the manufacturer, maximum allowed pressure can differ. 49

Scratches or surface abrasions Markings of this type should fade within 12-16 weeks of installation.

50 Specific Cleaning Issues & Instructions Dirt and debris Sweep off deck to remove dirt and debris. Mild soap and warm water can be used with a scrub brush to gently remove stubborn spots. Scratches or surface abrasions Markings of this type should fade within weeks of installation. Using a deck wash containing hypochlorite (bleach) can speed this process after natural weathering has occurred. 50

51 Specific Cleaning Issues & Instructions Mold and mildew Deck wash containing bleach and detergent can be used to remove these stains. Oxygen-based bleach cleaners, often referred to as oxygenated bleach provides an environmentally conscious alternative to chlorine-based bleach. Cleaning alternatives that do not contain bleach, ammonia or VOCs are also available. 51

52 Warranties Since product compositions and performance vary widely, checking for available warranties can help provide quality assurance. Most manufacturers offer limited warranties ranging from 20 years to lifetime. 52

53 Thank you for your time. Any Questions? This concludes the American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems Program. You will now take a 10-question quiz, please proceed to take the test. 53

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