education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an This course is registered with AIA

Transcription

1 Provider #: A022 Design Tactics for Stone Masonry Course Number: HTS17SM Credit(s) earned on completion of this course will be reported to AIA CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non-aia members are available upon request. This course is registered with AIA CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.

2 Course Description The choice of concrete masonry in building s envelope provides a durable and permanent material that will last the life of the building. This program will discuss the new masonry and stone products including large veneer options and design options that are available to the architect today, in choosing materials for the building envelope. In addition, because of its modular nature, different concrete masonry units can be combined within the same wall to achieve variations in texture, pattern and color. We will discuss the critical detailing and project management, which will ensure lasting beauty of masonry units. Part of this discussion is explaining the methods that design elements are incorporated to help prevent moisture penetration. Learning Objectives At the end of the this course, participants will be able to: CAST STONE vs. ARCHITECTURAL STONE - Educate and define the difference between dry cast and wet cast veneers in terms of appearance, cost considerations and specification variations. CRACK CONTROL - Inform and clarify the causes of movement in a wall system, as well as differentiating between different types of walls and joint reinforcement, along with required positions and locations. MOISTURE CONTROL - Advise and explain veneer system installation procedures that assure moisture control and ease of installation, coupled with proper design details and minimal maintenance. ARCHITECTURAL STONE DETAILS - Enlighten and present a product that simulates natural materials, through aesthetics, textures and resiliency.

3 Design Tactics for Masonry Stone Products 1.0 HSW CEU credit Oldcastle Architectural Products

4 Avoid Cracking/Moisture Issues WHY MASONRY?!

5 Masonry has been around since ancient times. In 80 AD The Colosseum of Rome opened. And this classic structure still stands today.

6 The Role of Masonry Systems & Safety and Security Impact Testing - National Concrete Masonry Association Masonry buildings are solid, highly impervious to impacts from man and nature Ideal as places of shelter and refuge.

7 The Role of Masonry Systems & Fire Resistance Masonry materials don t burn. Detection Suppression Compartmentation

8 Architectural Stone Specifications The Performance you Expect. And the durability that will outlast alternate products time after time.

9 Permanence and Quality Low Maintenance Masonry is still the BEST means of construction and Architectural Stone offers the following. AESTHETICS= look of limestone/cast stone PERFORMANCE= outlast competition ECONOMICS= machine made product

10 Concrete Masonry Unit (CMU) Today s Concrete Masonry Unit

11 Today s Concrete Masonry Unit Today s Concrete Masonry Unit

12 Today s Concrete Masonry Unit An original block machine

13 In the Beginning Modern Block Machine

14 Modern Block Machine The Beauty of Natural Stone The Advantage of Concrete Masonry

15 What is Architectural stone? Architectural stone is an economical stone product that supplies you with the look and feel of natural limestone/cast stone available in various textures and sizes. Architectural stone is a high-density, water resistant masonry product that can be used above grade, at grade or even below grade. Architectural Stone vs. ASTM C-90 Parameter ASTM Test Method ASTM C90 Spec. Limits Architectural stone Absorption C Compressive Strength C Avg Density C Shrinkage C Freeze-Thaw C % max <1%

16 C-90 Architectural Stone vs C-1364 Cast Stone Product Type Specification Number ASTM C 1194 Architectural Stone (Dry) ASTM C psi min. Cast Stone (Wet) ASTM C ,500 psi min The answers are easy use the NCMA TEK GUIDES!!! We can provide them to you for free! Dry vs. Wet Dry Cast 6 % Moisture Sand aggregates Releasing Molds Repetitious units Wet Cast 33 % Moisture Pebble aggregates Wood or Metal Molds Large units

17 How do we achieve natural look? 72% Crushed limestone 16% Silica 12% cement combined with other densifiers. Architectural stone Textures Groundface=Smooth Rockface=Split Face Textured=Shot Blast ChiselFace=Rockfaced or Hand-Chiseled

18 The Architectural stone Advantage All natural aggregates Denser than concrete block Tight tolerance Aggregate color consistent throughout the unit. Integral water repellent

19 Accent a New Project Bullnose shapes Smooth stretchers Rockface texture Architectural stone Applications Custom sills, arches, copings, & large units Easily cut and shaped in the field May combine veneer and through-wall applications Shorter lead times Ability to clean the product

20 PRESERVING YOUR DESIGN Write the best possible specification Maintain clarity and consistency with finish schedules, wall types and elevations Pay attention to heads, jambs, sills and other unique features Keep walls and opening modular Understand product limitations

21 Crack Control Crack Control-What causes movement Temperature changes Shrinkage or restraint Excessive deflection, structural overload and settlement Permanent Movement Differential Movement (most important)

22 Crack Control Strategy Differential Movement All masonry material have some degree of movement and may move in opposite directions. Therefore your walls must accommodate this change. Control Joints Control Joints are essentially vertical separations built into the wall to reduce restraint and permit longitudinal movement. Cracking is NOT usually a structural concern but more of an aesthetic concern, that is preventable!

23 Typical Masonry Wall Control Joint All masonry units are going to grow or contract from their initial size at manufacturing. Typical growth/shrinkage dimension - 1/2 to 3/4 in 100. Over time brick acts like a sponge and expands while concrete masonry shrinks. Control joints allow the masonry to move properly. Empirical Control Joint Criteria Table 1 - Spacing for Above Grade Exposed Concrete Masonry Walls Distance between joints < the lesser of: _Length to height ratio or ft 1½ 25 Notes: 1. Based on horizontal reinforcement of in o.c.) 2. Spacing should be adjusted up or down based on local experience but no more than 25 ft.

24 Example - Empirical method A 20 ft tall warehouse: Length to height ratio = 1 1/2 x 20 = > 25 = 25 controls For an 8 wall: length to height ratio = 1 1/2 x 8 = < 25 = 12 controls *Adjust according to local success but no farther than 25 Design Criteria Control Joint Locations Approx 2-4 from corners All inside corners especially at wall piers and columns At corner/side of any large opening or window Approximately 20 to 25 Slip plane between different materials

25 Slip Plain / Bond Break Crack Control Tek Bulletin 10-2B Maximum of 1/2 joint spacing from corners Joint Locations Between main & intersecting wall At changes in wall height Adjacent to opening At pilaster Adjacent to opening

26 Crack Control NCMA Tek 10-2B Window Joint Locations *Rule of Thumb is joint placed at one side if less than 6 ft and both sides of opening is more than 6ft Locate start of joint at the lintel end Flashing with drip lip sufficiently protruding to direct water out and away from mortar joint and wall. Locate joint at jamb below opening Control Joint Locations

27

28 Control Joints Control joints should be continuous throughout the wall. Can be hidden using matching caulk. Can be cut in after a crack occurs but planning up front prevents that. Horizontal Joints Continuous horizontal joint reinforcement is recommended in exterior wythe every 16. When using 12 or 16 tall units install every course. This will greatly reduces or eliminate shrinkage or movement hairline cracks. 8 CMU 4 PRAIRIE stone Adjustable Eye and Pintle Anchor 4 Ladder type joint reinforcement Ladder type joint

29

30 Moisture Control Avoid these nightmares Without a water repellant, units may absorb excessive moisture, and over time begin to break down.

31 Avoid Cleaning and Moisture Issues! Moisture Resistance System: Designing walls with moisture penetration in mind Consider multiple lines of defense

32 Cavity Wall Construction Features 1st line of defense - Veneer 2nd line of defense - Cavity 3rd line of defense - Flashing Weeps 4th line of defense - Back-up Wall 1st line of Defense VENEER

33 Moisture Control Repellency characteristics is integral throughout the unit. Entire stone unit is treated providing a back-up layer of protection. Last the life of the unit- does not go away. Stone units are protected from moisture during construction. Reduces efflorescence issues. *Architectural stone should be manufactured with IWR IWR vs Post Applied Repellant Post Applied Water Repellant 2 coats Maintenance 5-7 years Only on one side of the unit Product may loose its ability to breath

34 Water Repellent Admixture Approved water repellent admixture is added to the block at time of manufacture. The admixture yields an integral damp-proof wall system. provides mold and moisture control and reduces the risk of efflorescence. offers a denser, more uniform unit without altering the finished appearance of the block. improves the bond strength and lasts the lifetime of the unit when incorporated into the mortar.

35 Tool the Mortar When it s Ready! Recommended Mortar Joint Finishes Forces mortar into adjacent units Concave Joint Condenses face V Joint Provides geometric surface that sheds water

36 2nd line of Defense OPEN CAVITY Mortar Accumulation in Cavity

37 Mortar Accumulation Protection 3rd line of Defense FLASHING/WEEPS

38 Collection Strategies Flashing Types Metals Copper Composites Loose Laid/PVC Self-Adhering Membranes Good Flashing Characteristics Durable Continuously Water Resistant Complete System- Durable Products User Friendly End Dams

39 Flashing Must be Durable Continuously Water Resistant

40 Complete System Durable Products User Friendly

41 Complete System What do you specify? Weeps Vents Open Head Joints Flashing Header Flashing

42 Weep Holes and Vents Install weep holes and vents at proper intervals (32 O.C. and 2 long, above bed joints, typical) at courses above grade, above flashing, and at any water stops over windows, doors, and beams. It s important to get the water out!

43 Cleaning Simple cleaning Bucket and Brush NO POWER WASHERS!!! Parapets Differential Movement High Stress Areas

44 Any Questions on Crack Control or Moisture Control? This concludes The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems Course 104 East Jefferson Street, Tallahassee, FL

45 Copyright Materials This presentation is protected by US and International Copyright laws. Reproduction, distribution, display and use of the presentation without written permission of the speaker is prohibited. (Company Logo is acceptable here) AIA Florida 2016