CONSERVATION OF KEMAITAN (Lunasia amara Blanco), POTENTIAL MEDICINAL PLANT IN BOGOR BOTANIC GARDENS

Transcription

1 CONSERVATION OF KEMAITAN (Lunasia amara Blanco), POTENTIAL MEDICINAL PLANT IN BOGOR BOTANIC GARDENS Ria Cahyaningsih Presented on Forest and Medicinal Plant Seminar August 10 th -12 th, 2013

2 OUTLINES INTRODUCTION METHODS RESULT AND DISCUSSION CONCLUSION

3 INTRODUCTION Indonesia's forests are mostly in the form of the largest tropical rainforest in the world and has the second highest level of biodiversity in the world (Forest Watch Indonesia 2011) Many benefits provided by forest, one of them is plants. Many potential medicinal plants are yet to be cultivated so are taken directly from the forest Kemaitan (Lunasia amara Blanco) is well known by some ethnic groups in Indonesia in traditional medicine, such as ethnic Central Sulawesi and the Moluccas

4 Problems Kemaitan: slow growing species Trees in the forest are often found to be damaged or killed due to exploitation, in the form of logging, carried out by local inhabitants Propagation and cultivation of this plant is minimal Introduction (Continued ) Forest Watch Indonesia (2011): During : deforestation reach million ha. Deforestation also occurs in: Protected Forest: 2.01 million ha; Conservation Areas: 1.27 million ha. Conservation of Kemaitan is important

5 Introduction(Continued ) Bogor Botanic Gardens as an ex situ plant conservation organization that has a variety of tropical plant species, plays a role in preservation of plants from the threat of extinction in their natural habitats (Sari et al. 2005) Objective to provide information about the ex situ conservation of kemaitan as a potential medicinal plant conducted by PKT KR-LIPI Bogor.

6 METHODS Literature study Data inventory made of records from the Collection Registration of Bogor Botanic Gardens plant receipt, living cards, death cards, and herbarium

7 RESULT AND DISCUSSION About Kemaitan Local name: kamaitan, maitan (Jawa), pamaitan (Madura), sanrego, pingsang (Sulawesi), or makelun, halaluna, bungkus kusu (Maluku) Family Rutaceae, subfamily Toddalioideae, and genus Lunasia. Lunasia amara Blanco (1873) status: unresolved name. Sinonym: Rabelaisia parvifolia Planch (1845), Pilocarpus amara (Blanco) Blanco (1845), Lunasia quercifolia (Warb.) Lauterb. & K.Schum (1900), dan Lunasia amara Blanco var. amara (1967). Kemaitan origins to Malesia and Australasia (Australia-Queensland), clump distributed. Habitat: barren and rocky mountain, bare rock reef near the shore, m asl, thin solum, temperature C, RH 85-99% Bark, leaves, and fruit are harvested by demand Propagation: layering, seed. In vitro culture failed (Denish, 2007 )

8 Kemaitan Description Dioecious, evergreen, up to12 m height and 15 cm in diameter, rarely branched and all parts covered with scale-like. Leaves alternate, simple, crowded towards the tip of branchlets, oblanceolate to obovate, elliptical or lanceolate, with scattered oil dots; Inflorescence is an axillary panicle,; sepals ovate, 0.5 mm long; petals obovate, 1 mm long, greenishyellow to white; stamens 1 mm long; rudimentary gynoecium pulvinate. Female inflorescence up to 25 cm x 2 cm; sepals greenish-yellow to white; Figure 1. Collection of Kemaitan in PKT KR Bogor-LIPI Seed is obovoid, dark brown to reddish-brown, with fleshy oily cotyledons, endosperm absent. Plant is flowering and fruiting throughout the year

9 RESULT AND DISCUSSION (Continued) Content and Utilization of Kemaitan contains compounds and terpenoid alkaloids. Some 13 alkaloid kinds were identified in various plant parts Utilization: herbal to cure swelling of body parts and skin disease, improve sexual activity and treating erection dysfunction, eye inflammation or irritation, treat snake bites, digestive system and arrow poison antidote. The way to use: Boiling, Mashing, or heating the bark / leaves / seeds, either for external use or drink (depend on purpose)

10 Result and Discussion(Continued ) Kemaitan Conservation in Bogor Botanic Gardens Table 1. Kemaitan collection (Lunasia amara Blanco) in Bogor Botanic Gardens No. Accession and Acc. No. Source Habitat Form of Material Planting Year Planting Location Date of Death 1 Lunasia amara Blanco B Lunasia amara Blanco B Lunasia amara Blanco B Lunasia amara Blanco var.genuina Hochr. B Lunasia amara Blanco B Lunasia amara Blanco B Lunasia amara Blanco B Lunasia amara Blanco B Lunasia amara Blanco var.genuina Hochr Lunasia amara Blanco var.costulata Hochr. B Lunasia amara Blanco var.genuina Hochr.(Hochr.) - 12 Lunasia amara Blanco var.genuina Hochr.(Hochr.) - 13 Lunasia amara Blanco var.costulata Hochr.(Hochr.) - Supriori Mt. Utr.,Ds.Sapendoderi,Kec.Sup riori Ut. Shaded area Plant No information No information At nursery Pakeman, Bande Alit 50 m asl Plant No information No information At nursery Wakai, Batudaka Island Shaded area Plant January 21 st, 2013 XXIV.A Propagation from vak III.F.52;N. Sulawesi; Manado Plant June 20 th, 2007 III.F.107 Borneo: Kab. Hulu Sungai m asl Plant April 29 th, 2006 XXIV.B.XX.21 Selatan, Kec. Loksado, Ds. Lumpangi, CA.Kentawan Propagation from VII.E.153 Plant October 16 th, 2003 XXIA.A.189 Borneo: Kab. Hulu Sungai Selatan, Kec. Loksado, Ds. Lumpangi, CA.Kentawan Sulawesi: Kab. Bone; Luwu;Manili; Bukit Karabe Propagation from III.F.52; Sulawesi (N):Minahasa Propagation from VII.E.23a; Java Sulawesi: Minahasa Sulawesi: Minahasa m asl Plant October 16 th, 2003 XXIA.A m asl Plant March 22 nd, 2001 III.F a-103b Layering January 25 th, 1978 III.F.76 Layering June 11 th, 1960 VII.E.153 April 23 th, 1895 XII.B.VI.145 Aug 25 th, March 15 th, 1894 III.F.52-52a Feb. 3 rd, 1975 Java March 1894 VII.E.23-23a Feb. 1 st, 1969

11 Kemaitan Collected in Bogor Botanic Gardens has two variation: Lunasia amara var.genuina (from Sulawesi) Lunasia amara var.costulata (from Java) Result and Discussion(Continued ) distinguishing morphological characteristics: leaf size and leaf edges Figure 2. Kemaitan herbarium collected in PKT KR Bogor-LIPI (left: Lunasia amara var.genuina; right: Lunasia amara var.costulata)

12 Result and Discussion(Continued ) The Botanical Garden have opportunity to utilize more effective collection in global climate change research activities linking biodiversity conservation and making it useful (Donaldson 2009). With a collection of living and herbarium of kemaitan in PKT KR Bogor-LIPI, various types of research can be organized, including either the conventional propagation or tissue culture, genetic conservation, including domestication efforts of this plant for the benefit of the wider community.

13 CONCLUSION Kemaitan included in the list of medicinal plants that need special attention because of its damaged conditions in the forest, slow growing species type and a little cultivation efforts. Kemaitan contains has potential to treat various diseases Collections were obtained from exploration and layering of living collection. Both the living collection and herbarium in PKT KR Bogor-LIPI can be used as material for various kinds of research, to further develop kemaitan.

14 THANK YOU

15 Lunasia amara var costulata 3 10x (nail polish) Lunasia amara var guinea 2 10x (nail polish)