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1 1 st slide Robinson et al. Cotton Improvement Friday, 8:45 a.m. Marriott Grand Ballroom Bissonet

2 Triccoli

3 Reniform with sand stuck to egg masses on roots

4 Females with eggs Females with eggs removed Reniform nematode Females removed and laid on top of the root

5 Alabama Louisiana Texas Fumigation responses

6 Percentage of area considered infested with Rotylenchulus reniformis in each state Alabama Georgia Louisiana Mississippi Texas (12, ha)

7 Reniform nematode probably of some importance Not found Found Reniform nematode Considered serious problem Cotton Production 22

8 Status Renifom Nematode Resistance in Cotton Resistance category Susceptible Tolerant Resistant Contemporary cultivars Probably all Obsolete cultivars Probably all (5) 11 breeding lines (3, 4) Notes 3 G. hirsutum accessions Disconfirmed (1, 6) G. barbadense TX-11, TX-1347, TX-1348 Confirmed (6, 7) G. arboreum Confirmed (1, 2, 5, 6) G. herbaceum Confirmed but weak (1, 6) G. anomalum, raimondii, somalense, stocksii, thurberi (1) Immune G. longicalyx (1, 5, 8) Investigators: 1 Yik and Birchfied; 2 Carter; 3 Jones; 4 Cook et al.; 5 Stewart; 6 Robinson et al.; 7 Starr & Smith; 8 Bell & Robinson

9

10 Poisson distribution Standard deviation Standard deviation Standard deviation Susceptible Check (Deltapine 16) Nematodes/g soil/g root for Deltapine Mean of six replications Nematodes/g soil/g root for TX-1348 Resistant Check (TX-1348) Mean of six replications Mean (6 reps) Experimental controls: greenhouse seasonal effects (23 experiments; 3 years) Reniform nematodes per gram soil Nematodes Standard deviation Susceptible Deltapine 16 Moderately resistant TX Julian date when experiment terminated Susceptible Check Resistant Check G. barbadense TX-1348 (n = 28) G. arboreum A2-87 (n = 32) G. barbadense GB-713 (n = 6) Immune triple hybrid (n = 27) Julian date of experiment Some examples Reniform of nematode resistant population density genotypes in soil (% of susceptible Deltapine 16) Susceptible Check Standard deviation Resistant genotypes Susceptible G. hirsutum Deltapine 16 (n = 28) R 2 =.93, P = Mean Mean

11 Gossypium hirsutum Number of accessions 1 Deltapine 16 (1%) 8 TX 1348 (28%) Gossypium barbadense Number of accessions 1 Deltapine 16 (1%) 8 TX 1348 (28%) Nematode reproduction (% of Deltapine 16)

12 Classification of accessions in greenhouse Reniform nematode reproduction < TX-1348 < Deltapine 16 < OR Species Gossypium hirsutum Gossypium barbadense Possibly resistant 66 (47 retested) 15 (31 retested) Probably susceptible Susceptible Not classified Accessions retested in replicated growth chamber experiments

13 Resistant accessions in growth chamber experiments Experiment 1 Experiment 2 Experiment 3 Experiment 4 G. hirsutum G. barbadense Controls Reniform nematode resistant Root-knot nematode resistant

14 Reniform nematode-resistant accessions (Accessions listed in increasing order of resistance) Moderately resistant (< 34% Deltapine 16) G. hirsutum G. barbadense TX-2469 TX-1586 TX-748 TX-25 (+root-knot) TX-1828 (+root-knot) TX-186 (+root-knot) GB-127 GB-183 GB-1141 GB-1143 TX-11 GB-1147 GB-27 GB-833 GB-21 GB-212 GB-126 GB-581 GB-1113 GB-181 TX-52 GB-485 GB-536 GB-262 (TX-1348 confirmed) Resistant (<1% Deltapine 16) None GB-49 GB-13 GB-274 GB-171 GB-713 (3%) Crosses made with or among red accessions.

15 Inheritance of Reniform Nematode Resistance from GB-713 (72 plants in study) Number of plants 4 4 Acala Nem-X Susceptible parent (3 plants) GB-713 Resistant parent (3 plants) F 1 generation (6 plants) F2 generation (3 plants) Backcross onto Acala Nem-X (15 plants) Backcross onto GB-713 (15 plants) R S R S R S Logarithm of nematodes per gram of soil (R = resistant; S = susceptible; scales identical)

16 F2 progeny from crosses between resistant accessions of G. hirsutum Susceptible control

17 F 2 generation from half diallel among moderately resistant G. hirsutum Cross No. of plants TX-25 2 Not yet tested Not yet tested 1 Not yet tested Tested Resistant Moderately resistant TX Not yet tested Tested Resistant Moderately resistant TX-1586 Not yet tested Not yet tested Tested Resistant (< 1% DP16) Moderately resistant TX-1828 Not yet tested Tested Resistant (< 1% DP16) Moderately resistant TX Tested Resistant (< 1% DP16) Moderately resistant TX-2469

18 Number of plants Evaluations of day neutral converted lines of reniform nematode resistant accessions Deltapine 16 susceptible ck n = 19 % 1% % 1% % 1% Resistant TX-1348 n = 2 % 1% Day neutral TX-1348 n = 18 Progeny n = 4 % 1% % 1% Day Neutral TX-2468 n = 53 GB-713 G. barbadense for comparison n = 15 Nematodes as % of mean for Deltapine 16

19 Alan Bridges Ed Percival Osman Gutierrez Johnie Jenkins Jack McCarty Macon LaFoe Clarence Watson Forest Robinson

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