REFORESTATION TECHNIQUES IN COGONGRASS (Imperata cylindrica) INFESTED AREAS. The Cogongrass Threat Identification.
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1 REFORESTATION TECHNIQUES IN COGONGRASS (Imperata cylindrica) INFESTED AREAS Cogongrass Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv Wilson H. Faircloth 1 James H. Miller 2 Michael G. Patterson 3 David H. Teem 3 Synonyms: Japgrass Imperata grass 1 USDA/Ag. Research Service, Dawson, GA State and federal noxious weed 2 USDA/Forest Service, Auburn, AL 3 Auburn University, Auburn, AL Identification The Cogongrass Threat Aggressive, perennial grass Produces scaly rhizomes Leaf blade serrated, with prominent white midrid that is distinctly off-center Blades ft tall, rarely to 9.8 ft (in tropical regions) Propagation: seed rhizomes Severe infestations Light-moderate infestations Cogongrass in Georgia April
2 The Cogongrass Threat! The Cogongrass Threat Impacts biological diversity of our forests Native plants Wildlife Endangered species Forest Products Increases mortality Decreases wood production Effects secondary income sources (i.e. hunting leases) Wildfire! Cogongrass burns readily What do you do with this!! Research Objectives A field study was designed to investigate establishment alternatives for loblolly pine (Pinus teada L.) into cogongrass infested areas Mechanical site prep Chemical site prep Pine release We want to quantify: Pine tree response (growth, survivability, wood production) Cogongrass control Location Degussa. 800 acre site surrounding a chemical manufacturing facility Theodore, AL (Mobile, Co.) Site history Row crop agriculture (ceased in late 1980 s) Fallowed until spring 2001 Overstory removed by hand (brush saws, chain saws) Privet (Ligustrum sinense and L. japonicum) Waxmyrtle (Myrica cerifera) Yaupon (Ilex vomitoria) Tallowtree (Triadica sebifera) Longleaf pine (Pinus palustrus) Soil Bama fine sandy loam ph 5.6 Site index 90 loblolly pine Stumps treated with 3% triclopyr in diesel to prevent regrowth Solid stand of cogongrass remained 2
3 25m 25m Experimental units: 100 trees (2.5 x 2.5 m spacing = 1600 trees/ha) 36 measurement trees Culled to > 6.5mm (~0.25 in) root collar diameter Factorial treatment arrangement in an RCB design Mechanical site preparation (SP) Scalping treatment trailing fireplow behind a dozer Removed a 4-6 layer of soil, creating a furrow in which to plant Chemical SP glyphosate Accord 4.48 kg ai/ha (0.8 gal pr/a) imazapyr Arsenal AC 0.42 kg ai/ha (12 oz pr/a) surfactant Induce 0.5 % v/v Pine release (banded spray) Imazapyr Arsenal AC 0.2, 0.13 kg ai/ha (4, 6 oz pr/a) Sulfometuron Oust 0.11 kg ai/ha (2 oz pr/a) Metsulfuron Escort 0.04 kg ai/ha (1.0 oz pr/a) Also included a complete control treatment Double rate of SP herbicides, release with Arsenal, Escort, Oust tankmix 9 total treatments, 4 replications Timeline of Events Spring 2001 Site cleared October 2001 Chemical SP December 2001 Mechanical SP January 2002 Trees planted October 2002 treatments Response variables Ground line diameters (GLD) Height (HT) Diameter breast height (DBH) Biomass Live cogongrass Dead cogongrass = thatch Other species 3
4 Survival GLD 2 YAP Survival (%) Mech.SP + GLD (mm) Mech.SP + Herb SP + Herb SP + 85 Yr 1 Yr 2 10 DBH 2 YAP Height 2 YAP DBH (mm) 10 Mech.SP + Height (cm) Mech.SP + 5 Herb SP Herb SP
5 Volume 2 YAP GLD HT DBH Volume (m3/ha) Mech.SP + Herb SP + Non-treated Chemical SP + Chemical SP + 5
6 + only vs. + Chemical SP Results & Discussion Biomass Cogongrass > 15% despite our efforts increased species diversity Pine survivability 90% or greater SP = 4% increase Pine growth response Herb SP most influencing tree growth not effective as a stand-alone treatment 6
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