Instytut Badawczy Lesnictwa (IBL) Forestry Research Institute Warsaw, 1995

Transcription

1 EFFECTIVENESS OF FOLPAN 80 WG, SINCOCIN AND TRICHODEX WP 25 IN SUPPRESSING THE DEVELOPMENT OF FUNGUS DISEASES IN FORESTRY NURSERIES Instytut Badawczy Lesnictwa (IBL) Forestry Research Institute Warsaw, 1995 Researchers: Mgr. Inz. Barbara Duda, Department of Forest Phytopathology Mgr. Inz. Jozef Piwnicki, Department of Forest Technology Agreements between Chemimpex and IBL No.: 27 - U - 25; 27 - U - 26; IBL received the preparations for research in May I. Purpose, object and scope of research: The purpose of the research conducted in 1995 was to investigate the effectiveness of Folpan 80 WG and Sincocin in suppressing the development of parasitic gangrene in seedlings caused by Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani, and of the biological preparation Trichodex WP 25 used to suppress the development of gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea in forestry nurseries. The research covered the procedures of spraying common pine seedlings (sprouts) with Folpan 80 WG and Sincocin, and spraying common spruce seedlings (two years old) with Trichodex WP 25. The scope of research included: A chemical and mycological analysis of the soil in the nursery of the Grojec Forest Inspectorate; Four spraying procedures with Folpan 80 WG and Sincocin against parasitic gangrene of seedlings in the nursery of the Grojec Forest Inspectorate, carried out by IBL; Three spraying procedures with the biological preparation Trichodex WP 25 against gray mould in the nursery, carried out by the Supra l Forest Inspectorate; A determination of causes of the disease symptoms in seedlings during the vegetation season; An estimate of the effectiveness of the protective procedures in nurseries at the end of the vegetation season; Measurements of the growth of pine seedlings after the protective spraying procedures with the Folpan 80 WG and Sincocin; A statistical analysis of the results. R251 6/09/99

2 II. Methods: The Warcup-Manka method was used for the mycological analysis of the soil from the nursery of the Grojec Forest Inspectorate before the beginning of the experiment. The chemical analysis of the soil was made in the Soil Science Department of IBL using standard methods. The following options were included: 1. Non-treated seeds, pine sprouts sprayed with Folpan 80 WG in a dose of 2 kg/ha, and with Sincocin in a dose of 2 liters/ha (separately). a) in 2500 liters of water per hectare b) in 5000 liters of water per hectare. 2. Seeds treated with plant extracts (onion and garlic) and with the Funaben T seed dressing and sprouts sprayed with (separately) Folpan 2 kg/ha and Sincocin 2 liters/ha. a) in 2500 liters of water per hectare b) in 5000 liters of water per hectare. 3. Seeds treated with plant extracts (onion and garlic), and pine sprouts not sprayed. The seed treatment procedure is recommended in forest nurseries to protect against seedling gangrene. In order to limit the amounts of chemicals used, treatment with plant extract was used. Four spraying procedures were carried out every two weeks: the first procedure was done on the socalled breaking soil. During the experiment the fungi developing on pine seedlings with disease symptoms were isolated. Spray equipment and specifications: Due to the high standards required in regard to the degree and evenness of coverage of the surface being sprayed with a minimal utilization of the fungicide, the spraying procedure during research ensured that the droplet size was within the medium range of spray droplet size, and that an even distribution of droplets was maintained. A tractor sprayer adjusted to spraying in forest nurseries was used in the research. The sprayer consisted of a frame, tank, pump, control valve and a special beam for field crops. The operating assembly of the beam was equipped with three sprays of a rotating type, manufactured in Denmark, which included a spray ejection roller with an opening diameter of 3 mm (No ) and a bluecolored swirl plate. In order to eliminate drift of the sprayed liquid caused by wind (especially side wind), special foil screens were installed. The spray liquid dosage of 2500 dm 3 /ha (error of ±2.8%) was acquired by an average output from one sprayer of 1.48 l/mm (with pressure in the spray beam of 1.5 Mpa) and an average speed of the tractor sprayer of 0.71 km/h. The dosage of 5000 dm 3 /ha was acquired by double spraying with a dose of 2500 dm 3 /ha. 2

3 The estimate of the effectiveness of the procedures performed was done in September by determining the number of seedlings in the sample fields (covering an area of 1 m²) in each option. In order to determine the effect of the procedures on qualitative parameters of seedling, 30 seedlings were taken from each option. The following measurements were taken: the diameter of the seedling root neck, the length of the above-ground portion and the length of the subterranean portion of the seedlings, and also the air-dry mass of the above-ground and subterranean portions of the seedlings were determined. The effectiveness indicator of the performed protective procedures against parasitic gangrene in forest nurseries was the survival of seedlings defined by a percentage of the number of seedlings in the sample field. The estimate of the survival rate was done at the end of the vegetation period (September) by counting all the live seedlings. The numerical values in each option of the experiment were subjected to a single-factor and multi-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the significance of difference between averages was analyzed by the Tukey test, according to the StagraphicPlus program v.6.0. Pine seedlings parameters after the protective procedures were also subjected to similar statistical analysis. The Trichodex WP 25 was used to suppress the development of gray mold in two-year-old common spruce seedlings in a dose of 2 kg/ha in 350 liters of water. Three procedures were performed 10 days apart. III. Results: 1. From the soil of the nursery of the Grojec Forest Inspectorate, 2 pathogens were isolated that caused seedling gangrene: Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani. 2. From seedlings with disease symptoms, the fungi of the genus Fusarium and Rhizoctonia solani were isolated. 3. After the spraying procedures with the Folpan and Sincocin, without seed treatment, the survival rate of pine seedlings increased at a statistically significant rate in comparison with the control. 4. The survival rate of pine seedlings in the option using seed treatment with plant extract and the Funaben T seed dressing as well as spraying procedures with the preparations Folpan and Sincocin increased in a statistically significant manner - Fig Seed treatment with plant extracts did not affect seedling survival in a significant manner in comparison to the control. 6. The effect of spraying with Folpan on the length of the aboveground portion of the plant was statistically significant. The pine developed the longest shoots after spraying with Folpan - Fig After spraying with Sincocin and seed treatment with the onion extract the root neck diameter of pine seedlings was statistically significantly smaller than in the remaining options of the experiment - Fig The procedures with Folpan and Sincocin do not have a statistically significant effect on the 3

4 length of the root systems of the seedlings. 9. Folpan had a positive effect on the growth of the air-dry mass of the subterranean and aboveground portion of pine seedlings in the option without seed treatment. The effect of Sincocin clearly diminished the air-dry mass of the subterranean portion of the seedlings in the option without seed treatment, as compared with the control - Table Seed treatment with the onion extract and procedures of spraying with Folpan or Sincocin resulted in a smaller air-dry mass both of the subterranean and the aboveground portion of pine seedlings, in comparison with the control - Table In this case the effect of plant extracts (onion and garlic) on pine seeds was negative. Probably, the extracts used were too concentrated. 12. No statistically significant differences in the pine seedlings survival rate were found in relation to the used level of dosage for the spray liquid of Folpan and Sincocin liters/ha or 5000 liters/ha. 13. The spraying procedures using Trichodex WP 25 against gray mold were found ineffective, since 80% of spruce seedlings were affected by the disease. Most of the shoots of these seedlings were strongly affected. IV. Summary and conclusions: Folpan and Sincocin show great effectiveness in protecting against the parasitic gangrene of seedlings caused by fungi of the genus Fusarium and Rhizoctonia solani, increasing the survival of seedlings, as compared with the control sample without the procedures. Research on Folpan and Sincocin must be performed a second time in 1996, with decreased dosage of the spray liquid and using treatment procedures for seeds with chemical seed dressing as well as spraying procedures for sprouts with Folpan and Sincocin. Trichodex WP 25 was ineffective in suppressing the development of gray mold in two-year-old spruce after 3 spraying procedures. 4

5 200 Figure 1 Grojec Forest Inspectorate Pine seedling survival on 1 squar meter Procedures 1. - non-treated seed, control sample 2. - non-treated seed sprayed with Sincocin 2500 liters/ha 3. - non-treated seeds sprayed with Sincocin 5000 liters/ha 4. - non-treated seeds sprayed with Folpan 2500 liters/ha 5. - non-treated seeds sprayed with Folpan 5000 liters/ha 6. - seeds treated with the onion extract sprayed with Sincocin 2500 liters/ha 7. - seeds treated with the onion extract sprayed with Sincocin 5000 liters/ha 8. - seeds treated with the onion extract sprayed with Folpan 2500 liters/ha 9. - seeds treated with the onion extract sprayed with Folpan 5000 liters/ha seeds treated with the garlic extract sprayed with Sincocin 2500 liters/ha seeds treated with the garlic extract sprayed with Sincocin 5000 liters/ha seeds treated with the garlic extract sprayed with Folpan 2500 liters/ha seeds treated with the garlic extract sprayed with Folpan 5000 liters/ha seeds treated with Funaben T sprayed with Sincocin 2500 liters/ha seeds treated with Funaben T sprayed with Folpan 2500 liters/ha seeds treated with the onion extract, control sample seeds treated with the garlic extract, control sample 5

6 Figure 2 Grojec Forest Inspectorate Y axis = Above-ground portion and seedlings [illegible letters in brackets] Procedures 1. - non-treated seeds, control sample 2. - non-treated seeds sprayed with Folpan 3. - non-treated seeds sprayed with Sincocin 4. - seeds treated with the onion extract sprayed with Folpan 5. - seeds treated with the onion extract sprayed with Sincocin 6. - seeds treated with the garlic extract sprayed with Folpan 7. - seeds treated with the garlic extract sprayed with Sincocin 6

7 Figure 3 Grojec Forest Inspectorate Y axis = Root neck diameter and pine seedlings Procedures 1. - non-treated seeds, control sample 2. - non-treated seeds sprayed with Folpan 3. - non-treated seeds sprayed with Sincocin 4. - seeds treated with the onion extract sprayed with Folpan 5. - seeds treated with the onion extract sprayed with Sincocin 6. - seeds treated with the garlic extract sprayed with Folpan 7. - seeds treated with the garlic extract sprayed with Sincocin 7

8 Table 1 Weight (g) % Variant subterranean portion above-ground portion subterranea n portion above-ground portion non-treated seeds, control sample non-treated seeds sprayed with Folpan non-treated seeds sprayed with Sincocin seeds treated with the onion extract sprayed with Sincocin seeds treated with the garlic extract sprayed with Sincocin ? seeds treated with the onion extract sprayed with Folpan seeds treated with the garlic extract sprayed with Folpan