Planning hydrological restoration of peatlands in Indonesia to mitigate carbon dioxide emissions

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1 Planning hydrological restoration of peatlands in Indonesia to mitigate carbon dioxide emissions Sebangau National Park, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia Julia Jaenicke, Henk Wösten, Arif Budiman & Florian Siegert Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich & Remote Sensing Solutions GmbH; Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre; BP REDD+, National REDD+ Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia. GeoBio Photo source: Henk Wösten Summary peat. Carbon dioxide (CO) emissions from peatlands is therefore mainly controlled by the groundwater level. emissions. area is a vast peatland with limited accessibility, in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Field inventory and remote sensing data are used to generate a detailed D model of the peat dome and a hydrological model predicts the rise in emissions yearly. This equates to 6 percent of the CO impacts on carbon trading for the voluntary carbon market. Eventually, local people can benefit from the carbon credits obtained as well as from products harvested from intact peatlands such as latex from the Jeletung tree (Dyera Koompassisa malaccensis Shorea), Ramin (Gonystylus bancanus) and Punak lowii (Tetramerista glabra).

2 . Practice description Area of the site (ha) Current land cover/use Previous land cover/use Origin of intervention Rewetted swamp forest Disturbed peat swamp forest Indonesian goal to reduce CO emissions from peatlands. Funding provided by WWF Germany and implementation by WWF Indonesia. Types of intervention used in the area Rewetting Drainage Cultivation of crops Grazing Forestry Aquaculture Fishery Duration of implementation Main purpose of the practice Since 005 (0 years) Restoring the hydrological integrity of peatlands Level of technical knowledge low medium high Water table depth from surface (m) 0 to -0.5 Present active drainage system (m) Width of channels Distance between channels Subsidence (cm year - ) Before practice After practice 0

3 . Implementation of activities, inputs and costs N Establishments of activities Inputs/materials Duration Cost Construction of dams (depending on the slope of the area approximately 5 dams per hectare are required. Total labor input will be approximately 0 men per day). Annual inspection of dam and maintenance Locally available wood local available wood day 0.5 day 0 US$ per dam. 0 US$ per dam. Remarks. Environmental characteristics Climate tropical temperate boreal Average annual rainfall (mm) Altitude (m a.s.l.) 0 Slope (%) Peat depth (cm) Peatland type based on the water source >00 fen bog undefined Hydrologic network Parallel network of small, man made canals Main vegetation species Before practice After practice Dyera lowii, Koompassisa malaccensis, Shorea spp, Gonystylus bancanus andtetramerista glabra. All at a degraded stage. Dyera lowii, Koompassisa malaccensis, Shorea spp, Gonystylus bancanus andtetramerista glabra. All at an optimal stage.

4 Water ph 5 Water quality Water turbidity (FTU) Dissolved organic carbon content (mg L - ) After practice Before practice. Socio-economic dimension Local stakeholders Land tenure Land, water, and other natural resource access and use rights Conflicts Conflict resolution mechanism Legal framework Products derived from the peatland Local fisherfolk National Park The area is protected as a National park Encroachment by settlers deforesting the area Alternative source of income in the form of savings on CO emissions Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD) CO, latex and timber. Market orientation Carbon trading (eligible for funding under REDD) 5. Assessment of impacts on ecosystem services highly decreasing/ moderately decreasing/ slightly decreasing/ neutral/ 5 slightly increasing/ 6 moderately increasing/ 7 highly increasing Agricultural production Food security and nutrition Employment 5 Provisioning services Income 6 Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) yield 6 Livelihoods opportunities 6 Resilience and capacity to adapt to climate change 7 Socio-cultural services Gender equality Learning and innovation 5

5 Regulating services Waterborne carbon (DOC) loss Fire frequency Biodiversity 7 Subsidence rate Off-site benefits Water quality Frequency of flooding 6. Climate change mitigation potential highly decreasing/ moderately decreasing/ slightly decreasing/ neutral/ 5 slightly increasing/ 6 moderately increasing/ 7 highly increasing Impact Net GHG emission Rate Estimate (t ha- year-, CO eq) and thereby CO emissions NO emissions from tropical peatlands are reported to be neglible. NO emission Increase carbon sequestration/storage aboveground and thereby CO approximately 5 0 years the greenhouse gas balance will be neutral. Insufficient measurements prevent CH emission CO emission Remarks peat thickness at a rate of approximately mm per year. 7. Additional information Reference: ategies for Global Change 5: -9. DOI I8E// /s patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. FAO, 05 5