Fundamental of Peatland Mapping Consultation Meeting for Indonesian Climate Change Center (ICCC)

Transcription

1 Fundamental of Peatland Mapping Consultation Meeting for Indonesian Climate Change Center (ICCC) DNPI, 15th August 2011 Mitsuru Osaki Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University Kazuyo Hirose Center for Sustainability Science, Hokkaido University

2 1.Element of Peatland Mapping 2.Peatland Area

3 What is the element of Peatland Mapping? (1) CO 2 Flux & Concentration (2) Wildfire detection & Hotspot 4. Atmospheric Census (3) Forest degradation & Species mapping (4) Deforestation & Forest biomass change (5) Water level, & Soil moisture CO 2 Flux 1.Vegetation Census ( Above Ground Biomass) 3.Hydro Census (Water Sensing) (6) Peat thickness & Peat dome detection Drilling (7)Peat subsidence Water Gauge (8)Water soluble organic carbon 2.Geo Census (Below Ground Biomass)

4 Satellite GOSAT (1) Terra & Aqua MODIS (2) Landsat, SPOT, TerraSAR, AVNIR-2, **VHR Sensors (3), (4) ASTER, Hisui (3), (4), (8) PALSAR, AMSR-E (4), (5), (6), (7) Airborne /***UAV UAV(1), (3) LiDAR (4), (6), (7) Ground DGPS(7) Lateral CO 2 Flux Vertical CO 2 Flux Tower(1) Chamber(1) (1) CO 2 Flux & Concentration (2) Wildfire detection & Hotspot (3) Forest degradation & Species mapping *FES-C (1) (4) Deforestation & Forest biomass change (5)Water level, & Soil moisture DGPS(7) Drilling(6) *FES-C : Fiber Etalon Solar measurement of CO 2 **VHR : Very High Resolution Remote Sensing Data ***UAV: Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Red: Instrument Black: Target (6)Peat dome detection & Peat thickness (7)Peat subsidence Water Gauge(5) (8)Water soluble organic carbon Key Elements of Peatland Mapping (MRV System)

5 What is the element of Peatland Mapping? JST-JICA Project Central Kalimantan, Indonesia Peatland area in Mega Rice Project site [Wild Fire and Carbon Management in Peat-Forest in Indonesia] Carbon Management covers Peatland Mapping CO 2 observation towers at UDF:(Un-drained Peat) DF:(Drained Peat ) BC:(Burnet Peat) UDF DF BC Study Topics: GHG Flux (CO 2, CH 4, N 2 O) measuring Fire Detection and Protection Water Table Monitoring and Management Peatland Ecology Soluble Carbon Monitoring Peatland Subsidence Monitoring etc. Monitoring was started from 1997.

6 Example of (1) CO 2 Flux Monitoring Undrained forest (UDF) Burnt forest after drainage (BC) Drained forest (DF) UDF DF BC

7 NEE (gc m -2 d -1 ) Example of (1) CO 2 Flux Monitoring Groundwater level (m) Seasonal variation in NEE (net ecosystem CO 2 exchange) in DF site CO 2 emission Seasonal variation in water level D ec. Jun. D ec. Jun. D ec. Jun. D ec. Month CO 2 sink DOY ( ) NEE was positive or neutral throughout 3 years (CO 2 source). CO 2 emission was the largest in the late dry season, partly due to the shading effect by smoke from farmland fires. CO 2 emission was the largest in 2002, an El Nino year, because of dense smoke from large-scale fires By Takashi Hirano (Hokkaido Univ., Japan) (Unpublished) UDF DF BC

8 Carbon emission by peat fire (GtC/Mha) Example of (1) CO 2 Flux Monitoring 0.15 By Hidenori Takahashi, Japan Mha y = x x R² = PFI Peat Fire Index An indicator of peat fire damage (Carbon emission data was offered by Dr. Erianto Indra Putra)

9 Example of (5) Water Table Monitoring By Wataru Takeuchi, University of Tokyo, Japan

10 Example of (5) Water Table Monitoring Top-down satellite airplane inverse model Satellite GOSAT IBUKI Senescing: CO2 Carbon-Water Simulator Integrated practical carbon budget map Column averaged dry air mole fraction distribution of carbon dioxide for the month of September, 2009, obtained from IBUKI observation data (unvalidated) By JAXA Simulator: SimCycle-Visit for East Asia Bottom-up field survey flux obs. process model Carbon Dynamics in Peatland Carbon Emission by Fire Carbon Loss through Water Carbon Emission by Microorganisms Degradation Tree Growth/Mortality

11 1.Element of Peatland Mapping 2.Peatland Area

12 Peatland Map by Moratorium 921 smaller maps are available on a scale of 1:250,000 MoF website : Peatland Map of Moratorium (17 million ha) Latest scientific best estimate of peatland area: Wetlands International (2005); Central Kalimantan - Page et al., (2010) : 20.7 million ha - Wetlands International (2009) : 26.6 million ha - Hooijer et al., (2006) : 22.5 million ha

13 Uncertainty of amount of carbon stored Indonesian MoF ( Wetlands International (2005) Peatland map (Central Kalimantan)

14 Uncertainty of amount of carbon stored Indonesian SRTM (2000) Jeanicke et al. (2008) MoF ( Wetlands International (2005) Peatland map (Central Kalimantan)

15 Uncertainty of amount of carbon stored Indonesian Carbon storage uncertainty is derived from four factors; Jeanicke et al. (2008) 1: Different data 2: Different methods 3: Different models 4: Different assumptions Reliable Peat Depth data is needed (1) Point of coordinates (Lat/Lon) (2) Peat Depth (m) Wosten et al. (2008) Peat Thickness Estimation by different models

16 Example of Peat Drilling Plan (General Flow) 1) Collecting and evaluating all existing data including drilling, water well, ground water gauge, etc MoF IPB ESDM MoE ITB 2) Integrating GIS and database 3) Analyzing topography, river system, peat dome, etc 4) Integrating 3D model Transfer BAKOSRTANAL BPPT MoA Hokkaido Univ. LIPI Etc. All existing data 5) Planning drilling points & implementing Peatland Database

17 Example of Peat Drilling Plan (15 months) No. Work Data 2011/ /2 2012/4 2012/6 2012/7 2012/8-2012/12 Work Duration (Month) Collecting existing data drilling, water well, ground water gauge, etc 2 Integrating GIS & database 3 Analyzing topography, geology, river system to detect peat dome 4 Integrating 3D model 5 Planning drilling points and implementing 6 Preparing Peatland Database