Strategies for implementing sustainable management of peatlands in Borneo

Transcription

1 Strategies for implementing sustainable management of peatlands in Borneo Status reports, identification of knowledge gaps and priority rating of knowledge gaps as presented and discussed during the STRAPEAT partners workshops in: Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, March 2002 Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia, 4-5 April 2002

2 INTRODUCTION The EU project on Stategies for implementing sustainable management of peatlands in Borneo (STRAPEAT) identified the determination of the state of knowledge on tropical peatlands as an important first activity of STRAPEAT. Based on a review of what is already know, knowledge gaps are identified and prioritised. Subsequently this will lead to an action plan for the collection of new information. In line with this the 12 partners in the STRAPEAT project participated in the following two workshops: Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, March 2002 Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia, 4-5 April 2002 Purpose of the workshops was to present and to discuss status reports, identification of knowledge gaps and priority rating of knowledge gaps. In an earlier stage, the project coordinators Rieley and Wösten had identified the fields of expertise of the STAPEAT partners. As a result the partners were asked to prepare and present a status report on the following topics: Hydrology Alterra - Henk Wösten Ecology Univ. Nottingham and Univ. Leicester - Jack Rieley and Susan Page. Socio-economics and human settlement Univ. Sriwijaya - Fachrurrozie. Land use and land use change RSS - Florian Siegert and Viktor Boehm. Carbon Univ. Helsinki - Harri Vasander. Forestry Univ. Palangka Raya for Kalimantan / Univ. Sains Malaysia for Sarawak - Suwido and Mashhor. Restoration Univ. Nottingham - Jack Rieley. Peatland sector management/utilization BPPT for Kalimantan / MARDI for Sarawak - Bambang Setiadi and Jamaludin bin Jaya. Peat soil Univ. Gadjah Mada for Kalimantan / UNIMAS for Sarawak - Bostang Radjagukguk and Ted Murtedza. Biodiversity and peat swamp forest structure Univ. Leicester and Univ. Sains Malaysia - Susan Page and Mashhor. Agricultural use Univ. Palangka Raya for Kalimantan / MARDI for Sarawak - Suwido and Jamaludin bin Jaya. Peat and peatland resources (inventory: fact and fiction!) location of peatland and estimates of area/volume in Kalteng and Sarawak - Florian Siegert and Viktor Boehm (Kalteng) with Jamaludin bin Jaya (Sarawak) Identification of topics and partners was based on their respective knowledge as well as on linking Malaysian and Indonesian partners with comparable expertise. In addition to the presentations and discussions, field visits to peatlands in Palangka Raya and Sibu greatly contributed to mutual understanding of the problems and opportunities when facing sustainable management of peatlands in Borneo. The many informal contacts made during these visits were considered to be vary valuable. They will be followed up during the course of the STRAPEAT project and thus strengthen the research and institutional capability of the individual partners. Presentation of the different status reports complies with Work Package 2000: State of Knowledge of the EU contract for STRAPEAT. In WP 2000 the following tasks are identified: 2100: Establish state of knowledge and identify gaps 2200: Information on sector development 2300: Computer based literature database

3 These tasks are carried out using the following mechanisms and methodologies: Acquisition/evaluation of all available published and unpublished information on tropical peatlands; identify critical gaps and prepare plan for targeted research Obtain data/information from Government Agencies, NGOs and stakeholders on the status and success of sector development. Carry out evaluation of status and impact of sector development Set up interactive literature/information data base to be used by all partners In the next section the different status reports are presented. This presentation is followed by an identification of knowledge gaps and priority rating of these knowledge gaps as it was carried out by the 12 partners during their Palangka Raya and Sibu workshops.

4 KNOWLEDGE GAPS As a follow up on the presentation of available knowledge in the form of status reports, the STRAPEAT partners identified during their workshop the following knowledge gaps: MAPPING RS/GIS Peatland mapping of West Kalimantan to be carried out within STRAPEAT by BPPT. Modis Images (250x250) can be processed to obtain the peatland coverage for the whole of Borneo, this requires additional funds. Practical, reliable and faster techniques to conduct peat depth survey to produce peat `topographical map (isopach map) Peat `topographical map (isopach map) with closer contour intervals Areas infested by weedy species Extent, distribution, maps & mapping scales HYDROLOGY Run-off under natural conditions. Water storage capacity Relation water table peat accumulation/oxidation Soil hydrologic characteristics Catchment changes after reclamation Effect of buffer zoning Rainfall: total rainfall and distribution Dry periods: frequency and duration Water level control Water storage Effect of subsidence on water management Operation and maintenance Spatial information ECOLOGY Vegetation + ecological data for peatlands under sector development, degradation viz. comparison with natural system Identification of endemic, critical spp. Etc. (flora + fauna), blackwater ecosystems Identification of biodiversity indicators Genetic diversity Impact of habitat fragmentation, edge effects, consequences of hydrological change (terrestrial +aquatic) Consequences of fire, regeneration Habitat assessment of degraded peatland Food web predator-prey

5 Colonization target species (Mimosa pigra, Eichhornia crassipes, Hydrilla verticillata) Surface levels of peatlands Peat thickness measurements Geochemistry C14 and Pb210 dating Nutrient dynamics (tall interior forest) Microclimate BIODIVERSITY Species composition (native, introduce, alien, naturalise, weed/pest) Pest mosquito species Environmental health SOIL Database for soil physical and physical properties Measurement of available and total macro/ micronutrients: e.g. N, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu Chemical characteristics of organic constituents in peat soil Relationship between chronological effect of draining peat lands on the rate of biochemical oxidation. Biological characterization Common soil classification Distribution of Hemic, Fibric and Sapric types and differences in characteristics Better understanding of organic constituents Long-term change in soil properties with conversion to agriculture and with disturbance (e.g. fire) SOCIO-ECONOMICS Location distribution of villages and population and poverty with relation to road and waterways List NGO s in (Kapuas) District Spatial Dev. Plan of a (Kapuas) District Public Health and disease prevalence index How to integrate bio-geo-physical and other technical variables into one or two simple socio-economic variables for decision making How to get clear information on what proportion and in which part of an ecosystem partial peatland utilization after conversion is allowable Non forest products CARBON Carbon emissions Natural site Flood plains Diurnal differences in gas emissions Forest types (excluding mixed forest) Emissions related to peat depth, age etc

6 Developed sites PLG canal emissions Effect of various crops on C-emissions Effect of amelioration on C-emissions What is our knowledge on C-input? Linking C-emissions data to: Hydrological data Land use types (areal conversion) SECTOR DEVELOPMENT Efficient water table control Peat land resource Crop selection Mechanization and automation Optimal land clearing technique Impacts on the ecosystem of the immediate surrounding areas (RS technique) Assessment of the relevance and effectiveness of mitigation measures for development on peat lands. Management to improve capacity building Establishment of an appropriate modelling tool for decision maker New approaching model for sustainable use concept of tropical peat Develop procedure for improved planning Strong commitments for impact of any plan and project on CO2 emission Parameters, criteria and evaluation method of sustainable management (agriculture, forestry) Factors determining plant adaptation RESTORATION Original peat swamp community Intact food weed Endemic species Natural laboratory, regeneration

7 PRIORITY RATING OF KNOWLEDGE GAPS Based on the identified knowledge gaps, the STRAPEAT partners made a priority rating for the identified knowledge gaps. Priority rating was carried out for groups of items for which knowledge gaps were identified. INVENTORY, MAPPING, RS/GIS, DATA INTEGRATION, INFORMATION SERVICES, NETWORKING 1. Inventory of available images: UNIMAS, DID, MoE, Mof, etc. 2. Preparation of 1: maps for the total 3 Landsat images. 3. For 3 test areas preparation of 1: maps - Balingian/Mukah - Sebangam Bajong - Sessang/Sibu Delta Including available data on: peat thickness, soils, CO2, landuse, vegetation and hydrology 4. Areas infested by mimosa in Kalteng & Mega rice project 5a. Sarawak: 3 Landsat images 5b Kalbar (Pontianak/BPPT) 5c Kalteng (Sampit): 2 Landsat images BIODIVERSITY, ECOLOGY, MICROCLIMATE, NATURAL RESOURCE FUNCTIONS, CARBON 1. Comparison of natural PSF vs. degraded/developed - need baseline data, e.g. look at endemic species and invasive species - identify indicator. 2. Vegetation regeneration - baseline for restoration 3. Environmental health - sector development/human settlement 4. Carbon : ultimately link to hydrology & sector development models - need: more baseline data carbon and carbon. SECTOR DEVELOPMENT, SOCIO-ECONOMICS, HYDROLOGY, WATER MANAGEMENT, RESTORATION, STRATEGIES, POLICY AND IMPLEMENTATION 1. Linkage between social economics environment (Bambang triangle): local baseline studies + CO2 credits equivalent of environment. 2. Verifying validity of present costing per ha in peat vs. in mineral soil. 3. Identifying parameters/criteria for sustainable management model: hydrology, carbon flux. 4. Awareness (of stakeholders) and Capacity Building (of scientists and policy makers).

8 In the next phase of the STRAPEAT project, the status reports, the identified knowledge gaps and their priority ratings will be used to update the existing work plans of the individual partners in such a form that they become action plans for the data collection phase (e.g. Work Package 3000) of STRAPEAT. This exercise will of course be carried out in close collaboration with the individual partners.

9 Addresses of STRAPEAT partners CO-ORDINATORS ALTERRA Droevendaalsesteeg 3 P.O. Box AA Wageningen The Netherlands UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM School of Geography University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD United Kingdom CONTRACTORS UNIVERSITY OF LEICESTER Department of Biology University Road Leicester LE1 7RH United Kingdom Remote Sensing Solutions GmbH Wörthstr München Germany UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI Department of Forest Ecology P.O. Box 27 (Latokartanonkaari 7) F Helsinki Finland UNIVERSITY OF PALANGKA RAYA Centre for International Co-operation in Sustainable Management of Tropical Peat Jalan Yos Sudarso Palangka Raya Indonesia GADJAH MADA UNIVERSITY Department of Soil Science / Fact. Of Agriculture Sekip Utara Yogyakarta Indonesia DR. HENK WÖSTEN Tel.: Fax: j.h.m.wosten@alterra.wag-ur.nl DR. JACK RIELEY Tel.: Fax: Jack.Rieley@nottingham.ac.uk jack.rieley@lineone.net DR. SUSAN PAGE Tel.: Fax: sep5@leicester.ac.uk DR. FLORIAN SIEGERT Tel.: Fax: siegert@rssgmbh.de DR. HARRI VASANDER Tel.: Fax: vasander@ladybird.helsinki.fi IR. SUWIDO H. LIMIN MS Tel.: Fax: Emai: suwido@palangkaraya.wasantara.net.id DR. BOSTANG RADJAGUKGUK Tel.: Fax: bostang@idola.net.id

10 UNIVERSITY OF SRIWIJAYA Environmental Study Centre Kampus Indralaya Palembang Indonesia UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA Department of Environmental Science School of Biological Sciences Penang Malaysia UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SARAWAK Centre for Technology Transfer & Consultancy Kota Samarahan Sarawak Malaysia STESEN MARDI SESSANG P.O. Box Saratok Sarawak Malaysia Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT) Jalan M.H. Thamrin 8 Jakarta Indonesia DR. FACHRURROZIE SJARKOWI Tel.: Fax: dianri@palembang.wasantara.net.id PROFESSOR MASHHOR MANSOR Tel.: Fax: mashhor@usm.my DR. MURTEDZA MOHAMED Tel.: Fax: ted@cttc.unimas.my MR. JAMALUDIN BIN JAYA Tel.: Fax: jayajb@mardi.my ; jaybjaya@tm.net.my DR. BAMBANG SETIADI Tel.: Fax: bsetiadi@bppt.go.id