Evaluating Soil Phosphorus and Surface Runoff Phosphorus Relationships at the Plot and Watershed Scale
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1 Evaluating Soil Phosphorus and Surface Runoff Phosphorus Relationships at the Plot and Watershed Scale David R. German Dr. Ronald H. Gelderman James R. Gerwing South Dakota State University Dr. Frank V. Schindler Southwest Minnesota State University
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5 Sources of N and P to Watersheds in Central United States (1995 GAO report to U.S. Congress) Atmosphere Fertilizer Manure Point Source Nitrogen Phosphorus
6 Manure applications based on the N needs of a crop results in application of P in excess of what the crop can use
7 In Agricultural Phosphorus and Eutropication. USDA-ARS, ARS-149. July A.N. Sharpley, T. Daniel, T. Sims, J. Lemunyon, R. Stevens, and R. Parry
8 In Agricultural Phosphorus and Eutropication. USDA-ARS, ARS-149. July A.N. Sharpley, T. Daniel, T. Sims, J. Lemunyon, R. Stevens, and R. Parry
9 Objectives: Develop correlation between runoff P and soil test P on select soils of South Dakota using rainfall simulation. Relate field runoff to indoor runoff.
10 Procedures: Identify Field Sites Select Sites ranging from low to high STP Use National P protocol (SERA-17) Outdoor Rainfall Simulation Indoor Rainfall Simulation
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14 Field TDP runoff versus STP Moody: Y = STP ; R 2 = 0.93 Vienna: Y = STP ; R 2 = 0.94 Poinsett: Y = STP ; R 2 = 0.76 Kranzburg: Y = STP ; R 2 = 0.77 Barnes: Y = STP R 2 = 0.76 A TDP (ppm) Olsen P (ppm) Vienna Moody Poinsett Kranzburg Barnes
15 Indoor TDP runoff versus STP Barnes: TDP = STP ; R 2 = 0.91 Poinsett: TDP = STP ; R 2 = 0.97 Kranzburg: TDP = STP ; R 2 = 0.97 Vienna: TDP = STP ;R 2 = 0.96 A TDP (ppm) Olsen-P (ppm) Kranzburg Poinsett Vienna Barnes
16 Conclusions: As STP increases, the amount of phosphorus dissolved P in runoff also increases. The increase is linear over the ranges tested. Field runoff highly correlated to indoor runoff.
17 P Loss on a Watershed Scale Soil test P vs. Runoff P Relationships on a Watershed Scale. Can data from field plots predict P in runoff at the watershed scale?
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20 Watershed size: South = 5.17 acres. Middle = 5.53 acres. North = 5.6 acres.
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22 Olsen STP:.5 acre grid South = 112 ppm. Middle = 83 ppm. North = 72 ppm.
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30 Middle Watershed Liters/Second Stage (ft)
31 North Watershed Stage (ft)
32 South Watershed Liters/Second Stage (ft)
33 Middle Watershed y = x x R 2 = Stage (ft)
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39 10:45:00 AM 11:15:00 AM 11:45:00 AM 12:15:00 PM 12:45:00 PM 1:15:00 PM 1:45:00 PM 2:15:00 PM 2:45:00 PM 3:15:00 PM 3:45:00 PM 4:15:00 PM 4:45:00 PM 5:15:00 PM South Watershed 8/13/06 Event 3:45:00 AM 4:15:00 AM 4:45:00 AM 5:15:00 AM 5:45:00 AM 6:15:00 AM 6:45:00 AM 7:15:00 AM 7:45:00 AM 8:15:00 AM 8:45:00 AM 9:15:00 AM 9:45:00 AM 10:15:00 AM Sample Date 2:15:00 AM 2:45:00 AM 3:15:00 AM Stage
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41 Watershed P Rainfall Events Rainfall Amount (inches) /1/2006 4/1/2006 5/1/2006 6/1/2006 7/1/2006 8/1/2006 9/1/ Rainfall Date
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44 Watershed Runoff vs. Seedbed Plot vs. Mature Corn All 2006 Events ppm North Middle South Watershed Runoff All 2006 Events Seedbed Plot Runoff 6/28-29/06 Mature Corn Plot Runoff 8/22-23/06
45 Watershed Runoff vs. Seedbed Plot vs. Mature Corn Plot Runoff Event April 28-30, 2006 ppm North Middle South Watershed Runoff April 28-30, 2006 Seedbed Plot Runoff 6/28-29/06 Mature Corn Plot Runoff 8/28-29/06
46 Watershed Runoff vs. Seedbed Plot vs. Mature Corn Plot Runoff Event August 13, 2007 ppm Watershed Runoff August 13, 2006 Seedbed Plot Runoff 6/28-29/06 Mature Corn Plot Runoff 8/22-23/06 North Middle South
47 Watershed Runoff vs. Seedbed Plot vs. Mature Corn Runoff Event September 1-3, 2006 ppm North Middle South Watershed Runoff September 1-3, 2006 Seedbed Plot Runoff 6/28-29/06 Mature Corn Plot Runoff 8/28-29/06
48 Watershed Runoff vs. Seedbed Plot vs. Mature Corn Runoff Event September 16, 2006 ppm North Middle South Watershed Runoff September 16, 2006 Seedbed Plot Runoff 6/28-29/06 Mature Corn Plot Runoff 8/28-29/06
49 Total Rainfall Inches 12:00 AM 1:26 AM 2:52 AM 4:19 AM 5:45 AM 7:12 AM 8:38 AM 10:04 AM 11:31 AM 12:57 PM 2:24 PM 3:50 PM 5:16 PM 6:43 PM 8:09 PM 9:36 PM 11:02 PM 12:28 AM 1:55 AM 3:21 AM 6:14 AM 7:40 AM 4:48 AM 9:07 AM 10:33 AM 12:00 PM Total Rainfall: 6.16 Inches 9/1/06 9/2/06
50 Rainfall Intensity 9/1/06 to 9/2/06 Inches per Hour 12:00 AM 1:26 AM 2:52 AM 4:19 AM 5:45 AM 7:12 AM 10:33 AM 8:38 AM 10:04 AM 11:31 AM 12:57 PM 2:24 PM 3:50 PM 5:16 PM 6:43 PM 8:09 PM 9:36 PM 11:02 PM 12:28 AM 1:55 AM 3:21 AM 4:48 AM 6:14 AM 7:40 AM 9:07 AM 12:00 PM 3.47 Inches Total Rainfall: 6.16 Inches 1.49 Inches 1.20 Inches 9/1/06 9/2/06
51 Watershed size (acres) and discharge 9/1/06 to 9/7/ South Middle North acres inches of runoff
52 South Watershed 9/1-3/06 Runoff Event Tot Dissolved Phos mg/l (ppm) Total Phosphorus mg/l (ppm) Stage ppm 9/1/06 3:36 AM 9/1/06 7:12 AM 9/1/06 10:48 AM 9/1/06 2:24 PM 9/1/06 6:00 PM 9/1/06 9:36 PM 9/2/06 1:12 AM 9/2/06 4:48 AM 9/2/06 8:24 AM 9/2/06 12:00 PM 9/2/06 3:36 PM 9/2/06 7:12 PM 9/2/06 10:48 PM 9/3/06 2:24 AM 9/3/06 6:00 AM 9/3/06 9:36 AM 9/3/06 1:12 PM 9/3/06 4:48 PM feet
53 North Watershed 9/1-3/06 Runoff Event Tot Dissolved Phos mg/l (ppm) Total Phosphorus mg/l (ppm) Stage ppm 9/1/06 3:36 AM 9/1/06 7:12 AM 9/1/06 10:48 AM 9/1/06 2:24 PM 9/1/06 6:00 PM 9/1/06 9:36 PM 9/2/06 1:12 AM 9/2/06 4:48 AM 9/2/06 8:24 AM 9/2/06 12:00 PM 9/2/06 3:36 PM 9/2/06 7:12 PM 9/2/06 10:48 PM 9/3/06 2:24 AM 9/3/06 6:00 AM 9/3/06 9:36 AM 9/3/06 1:12 PM feet
54 TDP flow weighted concentration (ppm) 9/1/06 to 9-5/ South Middle North watershed runoff plot runoff
55 TDP flow weighted concentration (ppm) 9/1/06 first 30 min of runoff South Middle North watershed runoff plot runoff
56 Olsen P vs. TDP TDP Middle South North Vienna R 2 = Olsen P
57 Partners: SD Agricultural Experiment Station SD Dept. Environment and Natural Resources Water Resources Institute SD Extension Service SD Beef Industry Council SD Corn Utilization Council SD Soybean Utilization Council East Dakota Water Development District
Evaluating Additional Soil/ Runoff P Relationships for South Dakota Manure Management BMPs
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