P and N Concentrations in Drainage Water Related to Controlled Drainage
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1 P and N Concentrations in Drainage Water Related to Controlled Drainage Wm. Bruce Clevenger, Extension Educator Defiance County What conventional drainage is designed to do Remove excess soil water Remove water in a timely manner Reduce surface runoff Reduce soil erosion Reduce soil compaction Increase farm revenue and value What does conventional drainage do that we wish it didn t? Ohio Controlled Drainage Research
2 Water Table Level with Drainage Management (from D. Pitts, NRCS, IL) Average annual drain volume (mm), Nitrate-N concentration (mg/l), and load (kg/ha) (Fausey, 2004) Treatment Volume Concentration Load Free Drainage Soy 166 a 15.9 a b 26.4 Free Drainage Corn 146 b 16.4 a 24.0 Controlled Drainage- Corn Controlled Drainage- Soybean 92 c 14.4 b c 15.5 a b 14.1
3 On appropriate landscapes, we expect up to a 50% reduction in Annual Nitrate Loads, on average, by Managing Agricultural Drainage Systems on appropriate sites in Ohio Brown, Fausey, et al. Optional title line Water Quality Impact of Drainage Water Management on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Defiance Agricultural Research Association (DARA) Site DARA Drainage Demo Plots Defiance County Original Installation 1990: Un-drained 2 inch 10 foot and 20 foot spacing 4 inch 20 foot and 40 foot spacing Surface Drained Only 4 inch 40 foot and 20 foot spacing + Surface Drainage
4 May 2005 Retro Fit Controlled Drainage DARA Rainfall rainfall (inches) jan feb mar apr may june july aug sept oct nov dec averages P-PO 4 (ppm) Soybean Plots 2 & 3 Plots 4 & 5 June Oct 0.05 (19) CD 0.03 (24) CD Oct Dec 0.04 (51) FD 0.02 (61) FD
5 DARA Controlled Drainage 2008 fertilizer applications Phosphorus and Potassium 2-year fertilizer application (Tri-State Rec) Broadcast DAP/Potash, no-till (5/23/08) 92 lbs P2O5/acre 72 lbs K2O/acre Nitrogen applications 36 lbs N/acre DAP (5/23/08) 45 lbs/n/acre 28% herbicide app(5/26/08) 105 lbs N/acre 28% sidedress (6/17/08) P-PO 4 (ppm) Corn Plots 2 & 3 Plots 4 & 5 May June 0.51 (39) FD 0.30 (55) FD June July 0.43 (25) CD 0.27 (15) CD July 0.33 (11) FD 0.17 (14) FD P-PO 4 (ppm) Soybean Plots 2 & 3 Plots 4 & 5 April May 0.28 (83) CD 0.22 (94) CD May June 0.29 (63) FD 0.22 (62) FD June Oct 0.14 (82) FD 0.10 (9) CD Oct Nov 0.08 (51) FD 0.05 (57) FD Nov 0.06 (16) FD 0.03 (9) CD
6 Average Annual P-PO4 Concentrations by Drainage Management, DARA Site Year Controlled Drained Avg of P-PO4 ppm Free Drainage Average Average Annual N-NO3 Concentrations by Drainage Management, DARA Site Year Avg of N-NO3 ppm Controlled Drained Free Drainage Average Water Table Level with Drainage Management (from D. Pitts, NRCS, IL)
7 Contact Information: Wm. Bruce Clevenger OSU Extension Defiance County Extension Educator, Assistant Professor ANR , Dr. Barry Allred USDA, Ag Research Service Soil Drainage Research Unit Adjunct Assistant Professor Dept of FABE Ohio State University (614) , Dr. Larry C. Brown Professor, Extension Agricultural Engineer Dept of Food, Agricultural, & Biological Engineering Ohio State University ,
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