Composite effect of various biofertilizers and neem cake on effectiveness and efficient growth of Citrus limonia (Rangpur lime) seedlings

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1 Composite effect of various biofertilizers and neem cake on effectiveness and efficient growth of Citrus limonia (Rangpur lime) seedlings Dr. Surendra R. Patil Associate Professor College of Horticulture Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola (MS) India rdiffmail.com;

2 USA Mexico Ecuador Brazil Nigeria Spain Iran Egypt Pakistan India China Malaysia Japan Austrelia

3 World Orange Production 12% USA 12% 41% 26% Brazil 26% India 8% China 7% Mexico 6% 6% 7% 8% Other 41%

4 Commercial Cultivars Of India Nagpur mandarin Coorg mandarin MANDARIN Khasi mandarin Kinnow mandarin

5 Commercial Cultivars Of India Mosambi Malta Sweet orange Sathgudi Jaffa

6 Citrus Growing Belts Of India J and K HR Rajasthan UP GJ MP MH Karnataka AP TN Sweet orange Mandarin Lime

7 Total area of mandarin cultivated in India is (000 Ha) Total production of mandarin in India is (000Mt) Average productivity of mandarin in india is 9.3 (Mt/Ha) Source- NHB-2013

8 Rangpur lime : ( C. limonia ) Important rootstock in Brazil, Argentina and India for Sweet orange, Mandarins and Grapefruits. Origin: Rangpur lime has Indian origin. It is hybrid involving either the rough lemon or sour orange in the parentage. Advantages: Excellent drought tolerant because of deep and vigorous root system recommended for deep black cotton soils. Tolerate salinity, exchangeable for sodium percentage in soil, greening disease Highly resistant to tristeza and most of the viruses Adaptable in wide range of soil., high productivity, hardy, good survival.

9 Problems: The seeds of Rangpur lime take about days to germinate. Seedling growth in nursery stage is also very slow. It takes longer time near about months to attained buddable size Uses: It makes a good union with number of citrus spp. like Sweet orange, Mandarins and Pummelo. Vigor Tree shape Growth habit Leaf division Leaf shape High Spheroid Spreading Simple Elliptic

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11 Why Biofertilizers? In last decade, the large scale seedling production has been achieved by application of chemical fertilizers without considering the crop requirement, which leads to adverse effect on soil health. Phosphorous, Potassium and other nutrients are important elements, essentially required by plant and are unavailable, due to low mobilization, which affects on the growth of the plant especially in nursery. The screening of commercial PGPR strains like PSB and AM for better growth of Rangpur lime are the important alternatives or as supplement to existing chemical fertilizers.

12 Place of work: Materials and Methods The experiment was conducted under 50% shade net conditions at Department of Horticulture, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola during Treatments Details T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 5 T 6 T 7 T 8 T 9 T 10 T 11 - Gm-50g /pot - Gm-100g /pot - Gf-50g /pot - Gf-100g /pot - PSB-3g/pot - Gm-50g+ Gf-50g/pot - Gm-50g+ Gf-50+PSB-3g/pot - Gm-50g+ PSB-3g+ NC-20g/pot - Gf-50g+ PSB-3g+ NC-20g/pot - PSB-3g+NC-20g/pot - Control

13 Treatment - 5 Replication - 3 Design - R. B. D. Observations AGR - The Absolute Growth Rate was calculated on the basis of total dry matter accumulation and period of accumulation during experiment. Root density - Root density of the seedlings was calculated by dipping the roots of the seedlings in one litre measuring cylinder. Water displaced by the roots was measured in ml.

14 Effect of bio-fertilizers and neem cake on the growth of Rangpur lime seedlings Treatment Treatmen t No. Height (cm) Stem diameter (mm) AGR Gm-50g /pot T Gm-100g /pot T Gf-50g /pot T Gf-100g /pot T PSB-3g/pot T Gm-50g+ Gf-50g/pot T Gm-50g+ Gf-50+PSB-3g/pot T Gm-50g+ PSB-3g+ NC-20g/pot T Gf-50g+ PSB-3g+ NC-20g/pot T PSB-3g+NC-20g/pot T Control T SE (m) CD at 5%

15 Effect of AMF, PSB and Neem cake on seedling height

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18 Table 2. Effect of bio-fertilizers and neem cake on leaf area, fresh and dry weight of Rangpur lime seedlings Treatment Leaf area (cm 2 ) Fresh weight (g) Dry weight (g) Gm-50g /pot Gm-100g /pot Gf-50g /pot Gf-100g /pot PSB-3g/pot Gm-50g+ Gf-50g/pot Gm-50g+ Gf-50+PSB-3g/pot Gm-50g+ PSB-3g+ NC-20g/pot Gf-50g+ PSB-3g+ NC-20g/pot PSB-3g+NC-20g/pot Control SE (m) CD at 5%

19 Table 3. Effect of bio-fertilizers and neem cake on the root growth of Rangpur lime seedlings Treatment Root length (cm) No. of fibrous roots Root density (ml) Gm-50g /pot Gm-100g /pot Gf-50g /pot Gf-100g /pot PSB-3g/pot Gm-50g+ Gf-50g/pot Gm-50g+ Gf-50+PSB-3g/pot Gm-50g+ PSB-3g+ NC-20g/pot Gf-50g+ PSB-3g+ NC-20g/pot PSB-3g+NC-20g/pot Control SE (m) CD at 5%

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21 Table 4. Effect of bio-fertilizers and neem cake on bud-take (%), final survival and chlorophyll content of Rangpur lime seedlings Treatment Bud-take (%) Final survival (%) Chlorophyll content (mg/g) Gm-50g /pot (54.21) (70.09) 1.75 Gm-100g /pot (52.12) (69.30) 1.55 Gf-50g /pot (58.50) (71.95) 2.10 Gf-100g /pot (57.35) (71.76) 1.95 PSB-3g/pot (47.87) (67.70) 1.35 Gm-50g+ Gf-50g/pot (62.72) (73.89) 2.60 Gm-50g+ Gf-50+PSB-3g/pot (77.48) (84.87) 2.79 Gm-50g+PSB-3g+ NC-20g/pot (69.04) (76.06) 2.66 Gf-50g+PSB-3g+ NC-20g/pot (70.63) (81.87) 2.73 PSB-3g+NC-20g/pot (61.48) (72.34) 2.48 Control (42.30) (58.37) 1.15 SE (m) CD at 5% (Figures in parenthesis are arc sin values)

22 Table 5. Effect of Biofertilizers and Neem cake on Nutrient content in leaves. Treatment Nutrient content in leaves (%) N P K Gm-50g /pot Gm-100g /pot Gf-50g /pot Gf-100g /pot PSB-3g/pot Gm-50g+ Gf-50g/pot Gm-50g+ Gf-50+PSB-3g/pot Gm-50g+ PSB-3g+ NC-20g/pot Gf-50g+ PSB-3g+ NC-20g/pot PSB-3g+NC-20g/pot Control SE (m) CD at 5%

23 Conclusion Over all the result of the experiment indicated that, the growth of Rangpur lime seedlings enhanced significantly by the application of Gm-50 g + Gf-50 g+ PSB-3g and Gf-50 g+ PSB-3g + Neem cake 20 g per pot against rest of the treatments.

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