Scaling Horticulture and IPM Technologies

Transcription

1 Feed the Future Collaborative Research Innovation Lab Partners Workshop July 9, Accra, Ghana Scaling Horticulture and IPM Technologies IPM Innovation Lab Amer Fayad, PhD Associate Director, IPM Innovation Lab Office of international Research, Education, and Development International Affairs Offices, Virginia Tech

2 IPM IL-Integrated Pest Management Innovation Lab (Collaborative Research Support Program) USAID-Funded Current Phase Operates in 16 countries Covers one-third of the world population Collaborates with: U.S. universities 15 Host country institutions 60 International Agricultural Research Centers 7 NGOs 10 Private institutions 5

3 IPM IL Strategy for Worldwide Technology Dissemination Global Project Impact Assessment Global Project Gender Knowledge And Application Regional Projects South Asia Southeast Asia Central Asia East Africa West Africa Latin America Global Project Plant Virus Diseases Global Project Plant Disease Diagnostics Parthenium East Africa

4 India Bangladesh Nepal Kenya Indonesia Tanzania Uganda Philippines Cambodia Senegal Honduras Tajikistan Mali Ghana Ecuador Guatemala

5 Crops Addressed in the IPM IL Vegetable and Root crops Tomato Cucurbits Eggplant Crucifers Pepper Beans Potato Onions Okra Cassava Fruit and cash crops Banana Citrus Cacao Coffee Mango Naranjilla Passion Fruit Tree Tomato Cereal Crops Sorghum Rice Wheat

6 IPM Packages IPM package for vegetables delivers food security and biodiversity Use of bio-pesticides is one of the major components of IPM. The result is a significant increase in plant health and yield, a dramatic reduction in pesticide use, improvement in biodiversity and an increase in farmer income. IPM plays a major role in the management of Invasive Alien Plants and especially to manage Invasive Alien Arthropods and Microbes. An IPM vegetable package is a set of technologies that can be applied to a given crop to obtain increased yield and reduce pesticide use. It includes the following elements: Soil Preparation Techniques to enhance the soil such as soil solarization and the addition of growth enhancers such as neem cake, VAM, and fertilizers provide vegetables with the nutrients they need and deter pests such as weeds and nematodes. Seed Treatment Seed treatments such as Trichoderma spp., Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis protect the seedlings from pests. Seed Selection Quality seeds should be chosen according to need and availability. Pest resistance, yield, marketability, and suitability to the environment are important considerations. Seedling Selection and Grafting All seedlings in the nursery should be closely examined for viral and other diseases, and infected seedlings should be eliminated from the planting material. Grafting for pest resistance should be done when needed. Biological Control Adoption of biological control is a major component of IPM. Local natural enemies such as parasitoids can significantly decrease the need for pesticides. Traps and Biopesticides Sticky traps, pheromone traps, and bait traps may be used for both monitoring and reducing pest populations. When these populations reach an economic threshold, biopesticides such as NPV can be used. Supplemental Tactics Supplemental tactics including physical management techniques, such as using stakes, nets, and planting trap crops or nectar plants can be used to reduce pest damage. Strategic Action Strategic action, such as irrigation and rogueing, should be taken to keep plants healthy, reduce re-infection, and discourage pests. While this step is very effective, it is often labor intensive. The Integrated Pest Management Collaborative Research Support Program (IPM CRSP) is managed by Virginia Tech at the International Affairs Office Building, 526 Prices Fork Road (0378), Blacksburg, VA Phone: (540)

7 IPM for Tomato Seed or seedling treatment with Trichoderma, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Bacillus subtilis Solarization of seed beds and in greenhouses Use of VAM, neem cake and other organics Selecting virus-resistant varieties Grafting on resistant rootstock for bacterial wilt, Fusarium and others Staking and mulching Yellow sticky traps for thrips, leafminers etc. Pheromone traps for Helicoverpa and Spodoptera Host-free period and rogueing for control of virus diseases Use of Biopesticides such as neem Use of microbial pesticides such as NPV, Metarhizium, and Beauveria

8 Selection of disease-free seeds and production of healthy seedlings in net houses

9 Production and use of Trichoderma Trichoderma workshops conducted in India trained scientists from Bangladesh, Ghana, Honduras, Indonesia, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Senegal, and Uzbekistan.

10 Production and use of Trichoderma Farmer Organization Indonesia

11 Production and use of Trichoderma Bangladesh

12 Production and use of Trichoderma Bangladesh

13 Broccoli- Indonesia Trichoderma Field Trials Garlic- The Philippines Okra- India Okra- India

14 International workshop on production of biocontrol agents (Trichoderma & Pseudomonas) Participants: Bangladesh, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan Hands on experience on isolation, culture, and mass production of Trichoderma and Pseudomonas Event took place in July 2011 at TNAU. USAID India Mission personnel joined the workshop participants in their field visits to the TNAU IPM CRSP research plots and to a private company developing and commercializing microbial biocontrol agents.

15 Grafting for Control of Soil borne Diseases Grafting eggplant and tomato on resistant root stock (Bangladesh, Philippines, India, Nepal, Uganda, Honduras) Grafting watermelon and cantaloupe on pumpkin rootstock for soil borne disease resistance (South and Southeast Asia) Grafting naranjilla on resistant rootstock, Solanum hirtum (Ecuador) Grafting tree tomato on Solanum auriculatum and Nicotiana glauca (Ecuador)

16 Grafting Eggplant & Tomato in Bangladesh Eggplant yield 249% in Bangladesh Technology transferred to India, Nepal, Uganda, Honduras, and Ecuador Technology transferred from Bangladesh to Ohio

17 Grafting Tomato in Kenya Grafting tomatoes for control of bacterial wilt

18 Fusarium Grafting Naranjilla in Ecuador

19 Pheromone Production and Use Pheromone production in a private company in India Pheromone use in the field

20 NPVs for Spodoptera & Helicoverpa

21 Production of Biocontrol Agents Indonesia Honduras A nest for ants to control cacao pod borer. Honduras Orius bug production Predacious mite production

22 Production and use of Biopesticides Indonesia

23 Biological control of papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus Acerophagus papayae, a parasitoid of papaya mealybug

24 Host-Free Period for Virus Control A 3 month host-free period was effective in reducing the incidence of geminiviruses

25 Selected impacts of the IPM Innovation Lab

26 IPM Innovation Lab s cost-benefit ratio IPM Innovation Lab budget for 20 years $50 millions Benefits from IPM Innovation Lab $ 750 millions to $1,750 millions Cost-Benefit Ratio 1:15-35

27 Gender Equity in IPM Innovation Lab Nepal Indonesia Cambodia Mali Bangladesh India

28 Farmers field school In Indonesia

29 Information dissemination through farmers field schools and mass media

30 Thank You