Forest Service funding and an overview of pine mortality in California

Transcription

1 Forest Service funding and an overview of pine mortality in California Andrea Hefty, PhD, Forest Entomologist Forest Health Protection, Southern California Shared Service Area November 2, 2017

2 The Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act authorizes the USDA Forest Service to protect trees and forests from insects and diseases. This is accomplished directly on National Forest System lands, and in cooperation with other federal agencies, states, private landowners and Tribal governments on other lands.

3 FOREST SERVICE RESPONSIBILITIES Provide Tribes with technical assistance for the detection, monitoring, prevention and suppression of forest insects and diseases. Provide Tribes with financial assistance to conduct forest insect and disease suppression projects. Conduct detection surveys and biological evaluations of forest insect and diseases on Tribal lands. Assist in organizing and performing general forest insect and disease field surveillance. Provide training in techniques for detecting, monitoring, preventing, and suppressing destructive forest insects and diseases. Assist in identifying new opportunities to incorporate the principles of integrated pest management into resource management plans, decisions and programs.

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5 -Introduction -Observations -Management options -Conclusions -References/resources -Maps

6 FOREST SERVICE RESPONSIBILITIES By October 1 (date may vary) of each year, complete proposals for forest insect and disease prevention and suppression projects for potential funding in the next fiscal year. Coordinate the project review and approval processes with agencies. Transfer funding to other agencies for approved forest insect and disease prevention and suppression projects.

7 BIA RESPONSIBILITIES Notify field units that they can get technical assistance from the FS. Field units must submit biological evaluations prepared by the local or regional FS forest health protection specialists before the FS can consider funding forest insect and disease prevention or suppression project proposals. Facilitate forest insect and disease detection and monitoring activities and biological evaluations that the FS conducts on DOI and Tribal lands. Perform field surveillance and specialized detection surveys, as necessary, to supplement FS. Decide for or against forest insect and disease suppression action and requesting FS financial assistance on the basis of resource management objectives, biological effectiveness, and environmental acceptability.

8 Agencies will base these decisions on the following: An appraisal of both current pest infestation significance and projected significance with and without suppression activities. FS forest health protection specialists will provide this information and a discussion of alternative pest management tactics in the biological evaluation. An evaluation of the resources threatened within the context of the management objectives. An analysis of possible adverse environmental effects of control tactic alternatives.

9 BIA RESPONSIBILITIES Submit proposals for FS financial assistance to carryout forest insect and disease suppression projects in accordance with FS guidelines and due dates. Ensure projects are in compliance with the requirements of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). Conduct forest insect and disease suppression activities.

10 Forest Service funding for BIA suppression projects decreased from FY11 to FY17. $1,400,000 $1,200,000 $1,207,000 $1,000,000 $958,000 $800,000 $600,000 $768,000 $674,000 $706,000 $620,000 $468,000 $400,000 $200,000 $

11 Mistletoe and bark beetle are the highest funded projects between 2011 and TOTAL Gypsy moth 1 1 White Pine Blister Rust Oak wilt/root Disease Mistletoe Hemlock wooly adelgid Bark Beetles

12 In FY17, New Mexico and Washington received the most funding for suppression projects (mistletoe). $300,000 $250,000 $267,000 $200,000 $150,000 $100,000 $50,000 $0 $121,000 $50,000 $14,700 $8,500 $5,400 NM WA SD CT ID WI

13 Year Amount Morongo 2014 $13,000 Pauma 2014 $22,000 Fort Bidwell 2016 $50,000

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15 FHP Staff (California and Pacific Islands) Regional Office and Pacific Islands Forest Health Protection Shared Service Areas Regional Entomologist: Sheri Smith Northern CA Redding South Sierra Sonora Northeastern CA Susanville Southern CA San Bernardino Regional Pathologist: Phil Cannon Klamath Six Rivers Shasta-Trinity Mendocino Entomologist: Cynthia Snyder Plant Pathologist: Pete Angwin LTBMU, Eldorado Stanislaus, Inyo, Sierra, Sequoia Entomologist: Beverly Bulaon Plant Pathologist: Martin MacKenzie Modoc Lassen Plumas Tahoe Entomologist: Danny Cluck Plant Pathologist: Bill Woodruff Los Padres Angeles San Bernardino Cleveland Entomologists: Stacy Hishinuma Andrea Hefty Plant Pathologist: Melody Lardner

16 FHP Staff (Nevada) Ogden Field Office Ogden, UT Entomologists: Darren Blackford Elizabeth Hebertson Danielle Malesky Plant Pathologist: John Guyon

17 FHP Staff (Arizona) Arizona Zone Office Flagstaff, AZ Entomologists: Plant Pathologist: Monica Gaylord Nick Wilhelmi Amanda Grady

18 Summary The process starts with Tribes or Regional BIA staff contacting FHP entomologist and/or pathologist to evaluate forest conditions. We provide technical assistance to survey and advise on suppression needs. Project funding over the last 7 years has been used mainly for mistletoe and bark beetle projects. Suppression project funding is declining across all agencies, including the Forest Service.

19 Questions?

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22 Pine mortality increases after periods of drought. USDA Forest Service, 2014

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24 What living parts of a tree are vulnerable to insects?

25 Pine Bark Beetles in Southern California California fivespined Ips (Ips paraconfusus) Western pine beetle (Dendroctonus brevicomis) Jeffrey pine beetle (Dendroctonus jeffreyi) Fir engraver (Scolytus ventralis) Mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae ) Red turpentine beetle (Dendroctonus valens ) Forest Health Protection, S.M. Hishinuma

26 Niche partitioning Pine engravers Western pine beetle Jeffrey pine beetle Mountain pine beetle Red turpentine beetle

27 Beetle 0, Tree 1 Beetle 0, Tree 2 Beetle 1, Tree 2

28 Mass attack allow beetles to overcome host defenses, in most cases facilitated by aggregation pheromones Carry mutualistic fungi (blue stain) that clogs the xylem Single or multiple generations per year T.W. Coleman

29 T.W. Coleman, 2014 Most prominent tree killers in So Cal Coulter and Ponderosa pine Western pine beetle Jeffrey pine Jeffrey pine beetle California flatheaded borer All pines Ips pine engravers Coast live oak and California black oak Goldspotted oak borer

30 Bark Pine Beetle mortality Related on the San Mortality Bernardino California NF, 2003

31 How do bark beetle outbreaks end? USDA Forest Service, 2014

32 Resources CA Tree Mortality Task Force Forest Service CA Tree Mortality page FS Research Page: Topic

33 On YouTube Southern Pine Beetle, Dr. Matt Ayres and others Dr. Diana Six on mountain pine beetle outbreak, forests, and climate change,

34 Questions? Andrea Hefty Forest Health Protection, Forest Service 602 S Tippecanoe Ave San Bernardino, CA ahefty@fs.fed.us Stacy Hishinuma Forest Health Protection, Forest Service 602 S Tippecanoe Ave San Bernardino, CA shishinuma@fs.fed.us