Summary report for Norway

Transcription

1 Summary report for Norway WFD Article 5 Characterisation Status May

2 Table of contents 0. Introduction and background The process of characterisation... 5 Identification of water bodies... 6 Water body typology and reference conditions... 7 Recovery of costs... 8 Analysis of pressures and impacts... 8 HMWB... 9 Surface water status Ecological status Chemical status Quantitative status Risk assessment Norway Glomma Vest-Viken Agder Rogaland Hordaland Sogn og Fjordane Møre og Romsdal Trøndelag Nordland Troms Finnmark Bottenhavet Bottenviken Kemijoki Torneå Tornionjoen Västerhavet

3 0. Introduction and background The Norwegian Ministry of the Environment herewith provides a summary report of the analyses carried out under Article 5 of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) in accordance with Article 15 of the Directive. The analyses required by Article 5 of the Directive include three main parts: an analysis of the characteristics of each RBD; a review of the impact of human activity on the status of surface waters and groundwaters in that district; and an economic analysis of water use in each district. Detailed technical specifications in relation to each part are set out in Annexes II and III to the Directive. In Norwegian legislation Article 5 is implemented in 15 and Annexes II and III in the Norwegian Water Regulation. It is the responsibility of the Ministry of the Environment, the Norwegian Environment Agency (NEA) and the 11 River Basin District Authorities (RBDA) to ensure that the WFD is implemented in Norway. The primary responsibility for carrying out the characterisation, pressure and impact analysis and economic analysis is the responsibility of the RBDAs. This report includes a summary of the work done by both the RBDAs and NEA, results presented in Annex 1. In each River Basin District, the River Basin Competent Authority chairs a District Water Board, ensuring the participation and sector integration of all municipal and district authorities. Participants in the RBD Water Board are typically: The County Council (in some cases several) The local municipalities The County Governor s Office: Department of Environment and Department of Agriculture District offices of: the Water Resources and Energy Directorate, the Directorate for Fisheries, the Coastal Administration, the Public Roads Administration, the Food Safety Authority etc. Each District Water Board also has a District Reference Group providing for the broad participation of industry associations, NGOs and civil society in general. 3

4 Figure 1: River Basin Districts in Norway 4

5 1. The process of characterization The characterisation of the water bodies, reviewing the impact of human activities on status and risk assessment has been conducted in the RBDs from 2005 till present. The National Guidance document on Characterisation and Analysis was developed in The guidance document describes the methodology for conducting the analysis under Art 5 in the WFD in Norway. Primary responsibility for carrying out characterisation and pressure and impact analysis lies with the RBDAs. Relevant information and results of the analyses is recorded in the Norwegian Water information System; Vann-Nett ( ). The information in Vann-Nett is available to the public and all participating parties, and is submitted for the Water District Boards for approval or with the intention of gathering additional information for the analysis. The information was an important part of the consultation on Significant Water Management Issues in The consultation was broad, and relevant authorities, Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) and the public in general contributed with additional information for the analysis. Data Available and relevant data have been used in the process of characterisation, evaluation of environmental status and risk assessment. This includes both monitoring data and data on pressures. Monitoring data from national, regional and local monitoring has provided information for evaluation of environmental status in water bodies where monitoring occurs. All monitoring data obtained by the environmental authorities are made available in the database Vannmiljø; ( In addition monitoring data from other relevant authorities are received through cooperation between the regional environmental authorities and other relevant authorities, or through the work in the District Water Board. Data on various pressures are available through several national or regional databases. Some of them are listed below; NEA holds a database containing information on industrial sites and loads, The Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate holds data on hydro power plants with reservoirs and water regulations the Directorate of Fisheries holds data on aquaculture sites, the Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute holds data on forest, soil, land and landscapes, the Norwegian Food Safety Authority holds information on drinking water, and on levels of sea lice on a regional level. Data from various databases, including those listed above, are also available through Map applications in Vann-Nett. 5

6 Identification of water bodies Water bodies are the reporting units of the Directive. The main purpose of identifying water bodies is for their status to be accurately described and compared with their environmental objectives. Water bodies have been identified by using natural features, with some guiding principles concerning size: The following principles have been used in the identification of water bodies: Rivers includes river stretches with a river catchment area larger than 10 km 2, with the possibility of including the smallest lakes. Clusters of small brooks draining to the same fjord can be combined into one waterbody. Lakes includes lakes with a surface area greater than 0,5 km 2. Large lakes can be subdivided into two or more waterbodies. Coastal waters include fjords and coastal water up to one nautical mil (1,852 km) off the baseline. The category includes transitional waters. Most coastal water bodies are substantially larger than that of watercourses in size. Groundwater includes groundwater already used for or which could conceivably be used for the extraction of drinking water (in the order of> 10 m 3 /day or supplying more than 50 persons/20 houses/cabins) and water bodies of importance for terrestrial or aquatic ecosystems. Water bodies are further divided in such a way that they are uniform with respect to water type, pressures and environmental status. There are large differences in length/area of water bodies. In areas with little impact (good status), there has been less reason to subdivide. This means that statistics based on number of water bodies rather than length/area tend to indicate a larger portion of the water bodies affected by pressures from human activity related to statistics showing pressures/status/risk by size of area. Table 1: A summary of the characterisation of Norwegian water bodies*: Registered waterbodies Area/length Rivers km Lakes km 2 Groundwater km 2 Coastal water km 2 Total * Figures from Vann-Nett 8th May

7 Water body typology and reference conditions Surface water bodies are grouped into different types according to their physical and chemical characteristics. The types indicate, in very general terms, the sorts of plants and animals likely to be present in water bodies of that type, in pristine conditions. For example, the sorts of animals and plants found in upland, rocky, fast-flowing streams are very different to those found in lowland, slow flowing, meandering rivers. Reference conditions (equivalent to high status) will be set in relation to the ecology expected to be found in each type and represent undisturbed or nearly undisturbed conditions. They provide the basis on which the quality status classification scheme will be built, consisting of high, good, moderate, poor and bad status. River types and reference conditions River types are defined according to the classification system where altitude, catchment size and geology (content of calcium and humus) are used to define the types. Reference conditions for river types describe the plants, macro invertebrates, fish and the physical chemical and hydro morphological conditions expected to occur in undisturbed or nearly undisturbed conditions. The approach used to establish reference conditions in rivers varies with the availability of data. The first option is to use data for rivers with no or minor pressures from human activity. For river types with few examples of undisturbed sites, reference conditions were derived by expert judgment and modeling. Lake types and reference conditions Lake types are defined according to the classification system where altitude, catchment size and geology (content of calcium and humus) are used to define the types. Reference conditions for lake types describe the plants (including phytoplankton), macro invertebrates, fish and the physical chemical and hydro morphological conditions expected to occur in undisturbed or nearly undisturbed conditions. The approach used to establish reference conditions in lakes varies with the availability of data. The first option is to use data for lakes with no or minor pressures from human activity. For lake types with few examples of undisturbed sites, reference conditions were derived by expert judgment and modeling. Transitional waters Natural and geographical conditions of Norwegian waters are different from many of Europe s waters. We have several smaller rivers / streams which often flow into large and deep fjords or directly into the open and deep coastal areas. Our fjords are also different from the typical estuaries of the continent which are missing thresholds. In addition, the southern part of Norway has a relatively small tidal difference which makes conditions more stable with freshwater on the surface and seawater at depths. Instead of using the category transitional waters, Norway has taken into account the impact of freshwater in coastal waters by creating special water types under the water category coastal waters based on the degree of freshwater influence. We have grouped some as socalled "special bodies of water." These are water bodies that require individual assessment, e.g. because the local freshwater influence, often combined with tides, differs between the different areas. This means that the reference conditions and classification classes must be assessed for each water body. The general classification system might be used for some of the quality elements. In terms of intercalibration, our neighbouring countries Sweden and Denmark, have also registered very few water bodies as transitional water. It is therefore unclear to what extent we can use intercalibration results for this water category. 7

8 These special freshwater influenced coastal water bodies will be further followed up further according to the results of the characterisation. Also, when the first results from the intercalibration of transitional waters are available, Norway will consider how these water bodies fit into this system. Coastal water types and reference conditions Salinity, size of tides, wave exposure, current speed, and movement of bottom water are used to define the coastal water types as outline in the classification system. Reference conditions for coastal water types describe the following elements expected to occur in pristine areas: Phytoplankton, macro algae, angiosperms and benthic invertebrate fauna as well as physical, chemical and hydro morphological conditions. Reference conditions were determined based on data for coastal waters with no or minor pressures from human activity. For coastal water types with few examples of undisturbed sites, reference conditions were derived by expert judgment and modelling. Artificial waterbodies Norway has no artificial water bodies. Recovery of costs A system for recovery of costs is established on municipal level in the water and sanitation sector. Figures on the financial recovery in this sector will be included in the plans to be adopted in Analysis of pressures and impacts Pressures The national guidance document on Characterisation and Analysis is based on the guidance under the Common Implementation Strategy (CIS). The national guidance states that all anthropogenic pressures that may have an impact on ecological or chemical status shall be identified. All pressures are then to be analysed by their impact on environmental status. One or more impacts are derived from each pressure, and, each pressures is analysed by the extent of its impact on water bodies. The extent of a pressure is ranged from unessential/low, medium, high to very high. Pressures with unessential or low impact on water bodies do not themselves cause a water body to have less than good status or being at risk. Pressures ranked to have medium to very high impact in the water bodies are defined as significant pressures. Only pressures that are considered significant are included in the statistics and figures of this report. The analysis of the status of a water body is based on information on the total impact of its pressures. Water bodies vary in topography, water shed, flow, and geology and the impact of a given pressure varies accordingly. The analysis must evaluate the sensitivity of a water body to a given pressure. Pressures and impacts are recorded in Vann-Nett at water body level. 8

9 Pressure types Pressures are identified and categorised based on the pressure types listed in the Water Information System in Europe (WISE). The following main pressure types are identified in Norway, and listed in Vann-Nett: Pollution point sources Pollution from diffuse sources Water abstraction Water flow regulations and morphological alterations of surface water River management Coastal water management Other morphological alterations Transboundary pollution Biological pressures Other pressures HMWB The process of characterisation in HMWB Heavily modified water bodies are bodies of surface water which as a result of physical alterations by human activity is substantially changed in character, as designated by the Member States in accordance with the provisions of Annex II of the Directive. The Norwegian Water Regulation states that a body of water can be designated as a HMWB if the physical alterations necessary to reach good ecological status will have significant negative effect on any of the following factors: The environment in general, Navigation, harbours or recreational activities, Activities demanding water storage in reservoirs, transfer of water, for example reservoirs for drinking water, production of electricity or irrigation, Flood protection, drainage, or; Other equally important sustainable activity and the benefit for the community cannot be achieved by other means for reasons of technical feasibility or disproportional costs. The environmental status of HMWBs shall be protected against deterioration and enhanced to reach Ecological Potential and Chemical Status. These water bodies will be handled separately in the RBMPs, and given distinct environmental objectives adapted to the purpose of the human activity altering the water body. The environmental objective of Chemical status applies for all water bodies, including the HMWBs. 9

10 The Norwegian guidance document on Characterisation and analysis states that the following set of criteria shall be fulfilled to designate a water body as a HMWB: 1. The water body is in moderate or worse ecological status; or the water category is changed due to physical alterations; and 2. the effects are caused by substantial alterations in the hydro morphological characteristics of the water body with the purpose of human activities useful to society 3. the impact from the hydro morphological alteration cannot be mitigated without substantial negative effect on the purpose of the human activity causing the alterations; or 4. the purpose of the alterations cannot be achieved through other measures for reasons of technical feasibility; disproportional cost or environmental gain. In Norway the designation of HMWB are carried out in a two steps process. In this initial characterisation, candidates for HMWB are selected based only on the first two criteria listed above. The fulfilment of criteria 3 and 4, and the final designation of the HMWB will be conducted in the process of developing the RBMP and finalized by the end of All figures, tables and maps containing information on HMWB in this report, relate to the initial characterisation based on criteria 1 and 2. Surface water status Assessment of surface water status Surface water status is determined by the poorer of its ecological and chemical status. A national system for classification of the water bodies has been developed, defining boundaries between the different classes of status for all relevant quality elements. A first version of the system was published in The system needs to be completed for some water body types and class boundaries for some parameters. Further work identifying class boundaries for all required parameters is in progress, and the system will be updated with new class boundaries and new parameters during In the assessment of impact from human activities, both surface and groundwater status is evaluated as well as the anticipated impact of the pressure in the coming years. The Norwegian Water Regulation states that the information gathered during the characterisation, including monitoring data, shall be used in the identification of water bodies at risk of failing the environmental quality objectives. Surface water status are as far as possible based on monitoring data. There will typically be more physical-chemical monitoring data available compared to biological data. For many water bodies, sufficient monitoring data is scarce or non-existent. Status of the water body is then determined by expert judgement. 10

11 Ecological status Ecological status is an expression of the quality of the structure and functioning of aquatic ecosystems associated with surface waters and classified in accordance with Annex V of the Directive. It is thus determined by the status of a set of selected biological, physical-chemical and morphological indicators. Selected biological indicators (quality elements), are macrophytes, phytobenthos, benthic invertebrate fauna and fish fauna in rivers, phytoplankton, macrophytes, phytobenthos, benthic invertebrate fauna and fish fauna in lakes and phytoplankton, macroalgae and angiosperms and benthic invertebrate fauna in coastal waters. Chemical status The chemical status of water bodies is determined by measuring the concentration of the 33 priority substances and 8 other substances in water, biota and sediment. chemical status is defined in terms of compliance with environmental quality standards (EQSs) established for chemical substances at European level. To classify a water body to be in good chemical status, all substances measured need to be under the limit for EQS. The WFD allows the Member States to choose to monitor the occurrence of priority substances in sediments and/or biota instead of water where this is applicable. Norway has chosen to use data from sediments and biota for monitoring the environmental status for many years. The NEA has therefore prepared environmental quality standards in sediment and/or biota for chemical substances at European level and for a number of other substances of national concern. Technical guidance documents from the European Commission have been used in the determination of the EQSs (Technical Guidance For Deriving Environmental Quality Standards, no. 27). The EQSs for sediments and biota for EU priority substances will eventually be implemented in the Norwegian legislation (the EQSs for water are already implemented). NEA has also prepared a classification system with five concentration intervals (classes), ranging from background level to the worst case condition, for priority substances and other substances of national concern in freshwater, coastal water and sediment. The upper limit of the first class is mainly based on concentrations that are considered to be the background level in areas with no apparent input, while class II-V represent increasing degrees of damage based on acute or chronic toxicity data. The AA-EQS represent the border between class II and III, while MAC-EQS represent the border between III and IV. Quantitative status Determining the quantitative status in groundwater is still ongoing. However; the risk assessment conducted for groundwater includes assessment of risk for failing both quantitative and chemical status. Risk assessment The process of identifying the water bodies at risk of failing the environmental objectives of good ecological, chemical or quantitative status defines water bodies as being at risk or not at risk accordingly. The process includes evaluation of current status, analysis of pressures and impacts and the anticipated development of status in the water body based on trends in society, human induced pressures and in the environment. 11

12 2. Norway Pressures Lakes Acid rain from transboundary pollution is the pressure affecting the highest number of lakes in Norway, mainly in the south of Norway and eastern parts of RBD Finnmark. Hydroelectric dams and water flow regulation, mostly in connection with hydro power plants, also have a significant impact in Norwegian lakes. Introduced species such as minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus), pike (Esox lucius) or Common Pondweed (Elodea canadensis) and others also pose a threat to good ecological status in a number of lakes. Pollution from agriculture and households not connected to sewerage facilities as well as barriers reducing ecological continuum also have significant impact on environmental status in the highest number of lakes. Pressure types in lakes Other pressures - transboundary pollution Flow morphology - hydroelectric dam Other pressures - introduced species Flow morphology - water flow regulation Diffuse - agricultural Diffuse - releases from facilities not connected to sewerage network Other morphology - barriers Diffuse - other Point - UWWT plants Diffuse - transport and infrastructure Other pressures - other Abstraction - fish farms Abstraction - hydro-energy not cooling Flow morphology - water supply reservoir Diffuse - urban run off Other pressures - exploitation/removal of animals/plants Flow morphology - diversions Abstraction - public water supply Other morphology - dumping and filling of masses Other pressures - recreation Figure 2: Pressures in Norwegian lakes,. 12

13 Rivers Acidification from transboundary pollution is the impact most often reported as significant in river water bodies in Norway. The impact is highest in the south of Norway, and in the East of RBD Finnmark. Pollution from agriculture and water flow regulations; mainly from hydro power plants, also have a significant impact on a number of rivers. Introduced species are a threat to good ecological status in approximately 1000 river waterbodies. Morphological alteration in rivers, flood defence, embankments and barriers reducing ecological continuum are also reported to have significant impact in a number of rivers. Pressure types in rivers Other pressures - transboundary pollution Diffuse - agricultural Flow morphology - water flow regulation Diffuse - releases from facilities not connected to sewerage network Other pressures - introduced species River management - physical alteration of channel Diffuse - other Diffuse - urban run off Other morphology - barriers Flow morphology - flood defence dams Point - UWWT plants Flow morphology - diversions Other pressures - other Diffuse - transport and infrastructure Other pressures - Exploitation/removal of animals/plants Flow morphology - hydroelectric dam Abstraction - hydro-energy not cooling Point - industry Point - storm overflows Point - other Figure 3: Pressures in Norwegian rivers,. 13

14 Coastal waters The main pressures on coastal waters are pollution from diffuse sources, marine constructions such as harbours and piers, and pollution from point sources from industry and urban waste water plants. Pressure types in coastal waters Diffuse - other TRAC management - marine constructions Point - industry Point - UWWT plants Diffuse - urban run off Diffuse - agricultural Diffuse - releases from facilities not connected to sewerage network Other pressures - transboundary pollution Point - other Flow morphology - diversions Diffuse - transport and infrastructure TRAC management - estuarine/coastal dredging Other pressures - sludge disposal to sea Other pressures - introduced species Diffuse - abandoned industrial sites Point - storm overflows Other morphology - dumping Other pressures - other TRAC management - land reclamation Other pressures - recreation Figure 4: Pressures in Norwegian coastal waters,. 14

15 Groundwater Agricultural runoff and runoff from cities, other diffuse runoff and point discharges from contaminated areas are pressures in groundwater most often reported as a significant pressure. Pressure types in groundwater Other Saltwater intrusion Abstraction - Other Abstraction - Quarries Abstraction - Public water supply Diffuse - other Diffuse - urban land use Diffuse - households Diffuse - agriculture Point source - other Point source - discharges to ground Point source - water disposal sites Point source - contaminated sites Figure 5: Pressures in Norwegian groundwater,. 15

16 Pressures in heavily modified lakes Hydroelectric dams and water flow regulations are the main pressures registered in the heavily modified lakes. Other pressures in this category are water supply reservoirs, diversions as well as abstraction for drinking water and aquaculture farms. HMWB in lakes, pressure types Hydro electric dam Water flow regualation Water supply reservoir Abstraction - aquaculture Diversions Abstraction - hydro power plant Abstraction - public water supply Figure 6: Pressures in Norwegian heavily modified lakes, 16

17 Pressures in heavily modified rivers Water flow regulation is the main pressure in heavily modified rivers; hydro power plants lacking licence terms for obtaining minimum flow affecting the highest number of HMWBs. However, these river stretches are often divided into smaller water bodies, affecting the statistics. Other pressures frequently occurring are flood defence dams and embankments, physical alteration of channels and transfer of water Water flow regulation without regulations for minimum flow HMWB in rivers, pressure types Water flow regualtion with regulations for minimum flow Diversions Flood defence and embankments Physical alteration of channel Water flow regulation - other Hydro electric dam Abstraction - aquaculture Barriers Closure of streams Figure 7: Pressures in Norwegian heavily modified lakes, 17

18 Pressures in heavily modified coastal waters Harbours and piers are the most common pressure in heavily modified coastal waters. Other pressures include filling of masses, transfer of water and infrastructure. HMWB in coastal waters, pressure types Harbours Piers Transfer of water between rivers Land infrastructure Filling of masses Estuarine/coastal dregding Land reclamation Other marine contructions Figure 8: Pressures in Norwegian heavily modified coastal waters, 18

19 Ecological status As figure 9 illustrates, 50 % of the surface water bodies in Norway are reported to have high or good ecological status. At present 14 % is registered as having undefined status*. 36 % of the surface water bodies are reported to have moderate or worse ecological status. The results indicate large regional differences, both due to geological and topological, as well as differences in pressure types. Ecological status in surface waters 11 % 39 % 14 % 2 % 9 % 25 % Figure 9: The chart shows the ecological status for surface water in Norway 1. Figure 10 (below) shows ecological status per water body count for each RBD in Norway. 1 status in water bodies due to unclassified areas; but also due to lack of indicators to quantify the impact of sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) and escaped farmed fish on wild stocks of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and sea trout (Salmo trutta). There is an ongoing process developing such indicators at national level. 19

20 Figure 10: Ecological status for River Basin Districts in Norway 20

21 Chemical status So far only a small percentage of all water bodies in Norway have been assessed for chemical status (2.5 %). This is mainly due to the late implementation of the Directive on Environmental Quality Standards (Directive 2008/105/EC) into the Norwegian legislation. It is also due to limited monitoring data. It has not been possible to register chemical status in Vann-Nett for water bodies here lacking monitoring data. This differs from the assessment of ecological status, which has been assessed also where there have been no data available. Based on statistics, it appears that knowledge of chemical status of coastal water bodies is better than for freshwater bodies. Approximately 11 % of coastal water bodies have been assessed for chemical status, while only 3 % of lakes and 1 % of rivers have been assessed. There is reason to believe that many of these water bodies can be classified as having good chemical status, since there have not been found any effects suggesting otherwise. Quantitative state groundwater No groundwater bodies are reported to be at risk of failing the environmental objective of good quantitative status. Risk assessment 38 % of the surface water bodies in Norway are at risk of failing the environmental quality objectives. Risk assessment of surface water 1 % 61 % 38 % No risk Figure 11: Risk assessment in surface water in Norway 88 % of the groundwater bodies are not at risk of failing environmental objectives of quantitative or chemical status. 21

22 Risk assessment of groundwater 5 % 7 % 88 % At Risk Figure 12: Risk assessment of groundwater in Norway Figure 13: Risk assessment of surface water bodies in River Basin Districts in Norway 22

23 3. Glomma Glomma River Basin District (RBD) is divided in 17 sub-districts. Approximately 50 % of the water supply in counties Hedmark and Oppland comes from groundwater, thus representing an important asset to the RBD. The groundwater water body by Gardermoen is Norway s largest and form parts of sub districts Leira-Nitelva and Hurdalsvassdraget/Vorma. Pressures Pollution from diffuse sources have significant impact on a larger number of rivers in RBD Glomma, most originating from agriculture, but also from households not connected to sewerage network. Introduced species are also registered to have a significant impact in rivers, mostly to a moderate degree. Water flow regulations; most originating from hydro power plants and morphological alterations; are also registered to have a significant impact on the ecological status of rivers, as well as pollution from point sources and from morphological alterations due to river management. From the latter reduction of ecological continuum represents a main impact. Pollution from diffuse sources has a significant impact on a number of lakes in RBD Glomma, most of them originating from agriculture. Introduces species also poses a threat to good ecological status in a number of lakes, for the large part to a moderate degree. Pressure from water flow regulations; mostly from hydro power plants, morphological alterations and acid rain from transboundary pollution also have significant impact on lakes in Glomma. Pollution from diffuse sources is by far the main pressure in coastal waters in RBD Glomma, originating from agriculture, households not connected to sewerage network and other sources. Pollution from point sources; both from industry and from urban waste water facilities, and impacts from marine constructions, mostly from harbours, are also reported to have significant effect on coastal areas. The inner parts of the Oslo fjord are influenced by pollution of nutrients and chemicals, as well as pressures from the larger urban areas in the area. The outer parts of the Oslo fjord are the recipient for a large part of the Norwegian population, receiving nutrients, chemicals and particles. It is also subject to transboundary pollution transported by currents from Skagerrak and the German Bight. 23

24 Pressure types in rivers Other pressures Introduced species Transboundary pollution Other morphological alterations River management Water flow regulations and morphological alterations Water Abstraction Diffuse source Point source Figure 14: Pressures in rivers in Glomma RBD Pressure types in lakes Other pressures Introduced species Transboundary pollution Other morphological alterations Water flow regulations and morphological alterations Water Abstraction Diffuse source Point source Figure 15: Pressure in lakes in Glomma RBD 24

25 Pressure types in coastal waters Other pressures Introduced species Transboundary pollution Coastal water management Diffuse source Point source Figure 16: Pressure in coastal waters in Glomma RBD 25

26 Ecological status in surface water Ecological status in rivers by water body count 9 % 45 % 6 % 4 % 10 % 26 % Figure 17: Ecological status in rivers by water body count Ecological status in lakes Ecological status in river by lenght 5 % 2 % 4 % 11 % 19 % 59 % Figure 18: Ecological status in rivers by river length Ecological status in lakes by area 2 % 10 % 7 % 11 % 45 % 25 % 5 % 2 % 1 % 7 % 49 % 36 % Figure 19: Ecological status in lakes Figure 20: Ecological status in lakes by area(km 2 ) 3 % Ecological status in coastal waters 16 % 71 % 10 % Ecological status in coastal waters by area 76 % 1 % 23 % Figure 21: Ecological status in coastal waters Figure 22: Ecological status in coastal waters by area (km 2 ) Chemical status 24 % of the coastal water bodies fail to achieve good chemical status. Only 1 % of the lakes are reported to fail the objective of good chemical status, still representing a total of 26 % of the total lake area. Less than 1 % of the river water is reported as not achieving good chemical status, both and by river length. 26

27 Risk assessment Risk assessment in rivers Risk assessment in rivers by length (km) 56 % 44 % 69 % 31 % Figure 23: Risk assessment in rivers Figure 24: Risk assessment in rivers by area length (km) Risk assessment in lakes 2 % Risk assessment in lakes 0 % 36 % 29 % 62 % 71 % Figure 25: : Risk assessment in lakes Figure 26: Risk assessment in lakes Risk assessment in coastal areas Risk assessment in coastal waters 11 % 33 % 89 % 67 % Figure 27: Risk assessment in coastal areas Figure 28: Risk assessment in coastal areas 27

28 4. Vest-Viken Vest-Viken River Basin District has 18 sub districts. It contains 75 Municipalities in 8 Counties. It stretches from Hardangervidda and the mountain Filefjell in the north-east, the mountain Hemsedal in north and southward to the outlet of the river Drammenselva and the coast of County Telemark. Pressures Pollution from diffuse sources, originating from agriculture and households not connected to sewerage network, have significant impact on approximately 1350 river water bodies in Vest- Viken. Pressures from introduced species, water flow regulations; mostly regarding hydro power plants, morphological alterations; mostly from physical alteration of channel, fish migrations stops and the closure of streams, and acid rain from transboundary pollution are also reported to have a significant impact on ecological status in rivers in Vest-Viken. Pressure types in rivers Other pressures Introduced species Transboundary pollution Other morphological alterations River management Water flow regulations/ morph alterations Water Abstraction Diffuse source Point source Figure 29: Pressure in rivers Vest-Viken RBD Pressure from pollution from diffuse sources; mainly from agriculture and households not connected to sewerage networks and water flow regulations; mainly from hydro power, and morphological alterations have significant impact on many of the lakes in Vest-Viken, some of them reported to have impact of high degree. Introduces species and acid rain from transboundary pollution do also have significant impact in many lakes, but to a lesser degree. 28

29 Pressure types in lakes Other pressures Introduced species Transboundary pollution Other morphological alterations Water flow regulations and morphological alterations Water Abstraction Diffuse source Point source Figure 30: Pressure in lakes Vest-Viken RBD Pollution from diffuse sources has a significant impact in the coastal waters of Vest-Viken, diffuse sources reported to be agriculture, urban runoff and transport/infrastructure. Pressure types in coastal waters Other pressures Transboundary pollution Other morphological alterations Coastal water management Diffuse source Point source Figure 31: Pressures in coastal waters in Vest-Viken RBD 29

30 Ecological status The environmental status is generally better in mountainous areas in the region, where pressures from water flow regulations, introduced species and acid rain dominate. In the lowlands and coastal areas waters are affected by impact from pollution from agriculture and households not connected to sewerage systems. These areas are also more densely populated, and pressures from urbanization increases. In the coastal areas the ecological status is usually good, but areas near harbours and in the fjords have significant impact from pollutants. The fjords are also the recipient for pollution from agriculture, cities, towns and industry, as well as being important areas for recreational activities, leaving further pressures on the area. Ecological status in rivers by water body count Ecological status in rivers by length (km) 16 % 45 % 3 % 7 % 29 % 0 % 22 % 1 % 2 % 55 % 20 % Figure 32: : Ecological status in rivers Figure 33: : Ecological status in rivers by length (km) Ecological status in lakes by water body count 1 % 42 % 16 % 1 % 7 % 33 % Figure 34: : Ecological status in lakes Ecological status in lakes 0 % 0 % 14 % 8 % 39 % 39 % Figure 35: : Ecological status in lakes Ecological status in coastal water by water body count 57 % 6 % 37 % Vest-Viken Ecological status by area 76 % 1 % 23 % Figure 36: Ecological status in coastal water Figure 37: Ecological status coastal waters 30

31 Chemical status 28 % of the coastal water bodies in Vest-Viken fail to achieve good chemical status, whereas less than 1 % of the lakes and only one of the river water bodies are reported to have bad status. Risk assessment Risk assessment in rivers Risk assessment in rivers by length (km) 59 % 41 % 74 % 26 % Figure 38: Risk assessment in rivers, Figure 39: Risk assessment in rivers, by length (km) Risk assessment in lakes by water body count Risk assessment in lakes by area 56 % 44 % 48 % 52 % Figure 40: Risk assessment in lakes, Figure 41: Risk assessment in lakes, Risk assessment in coastal areas Risk assessment in coastal waters 42 % 58 % 59 % 41 % Figure 42: Risk assessment in coastal waters, Figure 43: : Risk assessment in coastal waters, 31

32 5. Agder Agder River Basin District is divided into seven sub districts, all containing of one or more main rivers running from north to the south. Between the main rivers lays several rivers in smaller catchments close to the coastline. Pressures The main significant pressure in rivers is acid rain from transboundary pollution, several rivers severely affected by acidification. Water flow regulations; mainly from hydro power plants, introduced species and pollution from diffuse sources are also registered to have significant impact on a number of rivers. Pressure types in rivers Other pressures Introduced species Transboundary pollution Other morphological alterations River management Water flow regulations and Water Abstraction Diffuse source Point source Figure 44: Pressures in rivers in Agder RBD The main significant pressure in lakes is acid rain from transboundary pollution, several lakes severely affected by acidification. Water flow regulations; mainly from hydro power plants, introduces species and pollution from diffuse sources are also registered to have significant impact on a number of lakes. 32

33 Pressure types in lakes Other pressures Introduced species Transboundary pollution Other morphological alterations Water flow regulations and morphological alterations Water Abstraction Diffuse source Point source Figure 45: Pressures in lakes in Agder RBD Pollution from diffuse and point sources have a significant impact on coastal waters. Transboundary pollution, mostly nutrients transported with the currents, also affects the coastal waters of Agder. The characterisation indicates that the environmental status is affected by several human activities. The coastal areas are more densely populated than the rural inland areas, and the lower parts of main rivers and coastal waters near cities and harbours are especially affected by this. Pressure types in coastal waters Other pressures Introduced species Transboundary pollution Other morphological alterations Coastal water management Water flow regulations/morph alterations Diffuse source Point source Figure 46: Pressure types in coastal waters in Agder RBD 33

34 Ecological status in surface waters Ecological status in rivers by water body count 2 % 4 % 18 % 4 % 25 % Ecological status in rivers by length (km) 16 % 2 % 1 % 4 % 28 % 47 % 49 % Figure 47: Ecological status in rivers (%) Figure 48: Ecological status in rivers by river length (km) Ecological status in lakes by water body count 23 % 2 % 4 % 49 % 22 % Ecological status in lakesby area 0 % 1 % 6 % 13 % 31 % 49 % Figure 49: Ecological status in lakes (%) Figure 50: Ecological status in lakes Ecological status in coastal areas by water body count Ecological status by area 40 % 4 % 1 % 2 % 10 % 43 % Unclassified 1 % 13 % 6 % 49 % 31 % Figure 51: : Ecological status in coastal waters (%) Figure 52: : Ecological status in coastal waters Chemical status in surface waters 22 % of the coastal waters in Agder fail to achieve good chemical status whereas less than 1 % of the rivers and lakes fail in this respect. 34

35 Risk assessment Risk assessment in rivers by water body count Risk assessment in rivers by km 20 % 20 % 80 % 80 % Figure 53: Risk assessment in rivers Figure 54: Risk assessment in rivers by area length (km) Risk assessment in lakes by water body count Risk assessment in lakes by area 26 % 74 % 12 % 88 % Figure 55: Risk assessment in lakes Figure 56: Risk assessment in lakes Risk assessment in coastal water by water body count Risk assessment in coastal areas by area 37 % 63 % 46 % 54 % Figure 57: Risk assessment in coastal areas Figure 58: Risk assessment in coastal areas The main reason for the large portion of inland surface water bodies at risk in Agder is due to transboundary pollution (acid rain). 35

36 6. Rogaland Rogaland River Basin District consists of four sub districts. The district contains 32 municipalities and it covers most of County Rogaland and some catchments within the borders of the four neighboring counties. The landscape is influenced by its closeness to the coast and fjord. The region consists of many thousand small and bigger lakes, and even more rivers and streams. The water quality in the region varies from clear lakes in the mountainous areas to the more nutrient rich rivers and lakes in the lower parts of the region. Pressures Acid rain from transboundary pollution affects the highest number of rivers in Rogaland. The impact is mostly reported to be moderate. Water flow regulation; mainly from hydro power plants, and morphological alterations affects fewer rivers, but the impact is often reported to be higher. Rogaland is a region with intensive agricultural activity, and pollution from diffuse sources, mainly agriculture and households not connected to sewerage, also represents a significant pressure in the rivers. Pressure types in rivers Other pressures Introduced species Transboundary pollution Other morphological alterations River management Water flow regulations and morphological alterations Water Abstraction Diffuse source Point source Figure 59: Pressures in rivers in Rogaland RBD 36

37 As in rivers, acid rain from transboundary pollution is by the far the pressure affecting the highest number of lakes in this part of the country. Water flow regulations, mainly from hydro power plants, also affect a number of lakes, the impact reported to be high in many of the affected lakes. Pollution from diffuse sources, mainly agriculture and households not connected to sewerage networks are also reported to have significant impact in the lakes. Introduces species poses a threat to good ecological status in some lakes in Rogaland. Pressure types in lakes Introduced species Transboundary pollution Other morphological alterations Water flow regulations and morphological alterations Water Abstraction Diffuse source Point source Figure 60: Pressures in rivers in Rogaland RBD Pollution from diffuse sources and point sources, both from industry and urban waste water plants, are the dominating pressures having a significant impact on coastal areas in Rogaland. The coastal areas around the cities are the most affected in the region. Pressure types in coastal waters Other pressures Coastal water management Water flow regulations and morphological alterations Diffuse source Point source Figure 61: Pressures in coastal waters in Rogaland RBD 37

38 Ecological status in surface waters Ecological status by water body count Ecological status by km 0 % 5 % 4 % 20 % 34 % 37 % 52 % 1 % 1 % 4 % 42 % Figure 62: Ecological status in rivers (%) Figure 63: : Ecological status in rivers by river length (km) Ecological status in lakes by water body count Ecological status in lakes by area 3 % 3 % 4 % 11 % 34 % 45 % 2 % 25 % 7 % 9 % 43 % 14 % Figure 64: : Ecological status in lakes (%) Figure 65: Ecological status in lakes Ecological status in coastal water by water body count 18 % 10 % 32 % 4 % 13 % 23 % Ecological status by area 1 % 3 % 6 % 7 % 22 % 61 % Figure 66: Ecological status in coastal waters (%) Figure 67: Ecological status in coastal waters 58 % of surface water in Rogaland has moderate or worse ecological status, mostly due to transboundary pollution, water flow regulations and pollution from agriculture and households in rivers and lakes, and pollution from diffuse and point sources in coastal waters. Inland waters in Rogaland drain mountainous areas deficient in calcium, leaving rivers and lakes low in calcium. This gives a low capacity for neutralizing acid rain entering the system through transboundary pollution, making inland water here especially sensitive to acidification. 38

39 Chemical status 19 % of the coastal water bodies and 1 % of the lakes in Rogaland fail to achieve good chemical status. Risk assessment Risk assessment in rivers by water body count 4 % Risk assessment in rivers by km 1 % 30 % 66 % 51 % 48 % Figure 68: Risk assessment in rivers Figure 69: Risk assessment in rivers by area length (km) Risk assessment in lakes by water body count Risk assessment in lakes by area 31 % 2 % 67 % 19 % 9 % 72 % Figure 70: : Risk assessment in lakes Figure 71: : Risk assessment in lakes Risk assessment in coastal water by water body count Risk assessment in coastal water by area 44 % 56 % 76 % 24 % Figure 72: : Risk assessment in coastal areas Figure 73: Risk assessment in coastal areas 39

40 7. Hordaland Hordaland River Basin District consists of five sub districts. The district covers most of County Hordaland, but contains some catchments in four neighbouring counties. Hordaland has mountainous areas, many steep, and river systems are typically short and steep Pressures As in regions further south, Hordaland is also affected by acid rain from transboundary pollution, and this is the pressure significantly affecting the most rivers in the region. Water flow regulation -mainly for hydro power plants- and morphological alterations are reported as having significant impact in rivers. Pollution from diffuse sources, from agriculture and other sources, also have significant impact on rivers. Pressure types in rivers Other pressures Introduced species Transboundary pollution Other morphological alterations River management Water flow regulations and morphological alterations Water Abstraction Diffuse source Point source Figure 74: Pressures in rivers in Hordaland RBD Water flow regulation and morphological alterations; mostly from hydroelectric dams and regulations for water supply, have significant impact on the highest number of lakes in Hordaland. Acid rain from transboundary pollution also has a significant impact on a number 40

41 of lakes, but to a moderate extent in most. Pollution from diffuse sources, mainly from agriculture and households not connected to sewerage systems, also affect the lakes in Hordaland. Pressure types in lakes Other pressures Introduced species Transboundary pollution Other morphological alterations Water flow regulations and morphological alterations Water Abstraction Diffuse source Point source Figure 75: Pressures in lakes in Hordaland RBD Pollution from diffuse sources and point sources are the main pressures having significant impact in coastal areas in Hordaland. Diffuse sources are agriculture and households not connected to sewerage systems, as well as other sources not specified. Point pollution originated mainly from industry and urban waste water plants. Pressure types in coastal waters Other pressures Diffuse source Point source Figure 76: Pressures in coastal waters in Hordaland RBD 41

42 Ecological status Ecological status in rivers by water body count Ecological status in rivers by km 35 % 2 % 2 % 1 % 20 % 40 % 1 % 4 % 11 % 49 % 35 % Figure 77: Ecological status in rivers (%) Ecological status in lakes by water body count Figure 78: Ecological status in rivers by river length (km) Ecological statusin lakes by area 1 % 49 % 2 % 3 % 17 % 28 % 33 % 1 % 8 % 6 % 22 % 30 % Figure 79: Ecological status in lakes (%) Ecological status in coastal waters by water body count 64 % 1 % 15 % 1 % 19 % Figure 80: Ecological status in lakes 74 % Hordaland Ecological status by area 5 % 21 % Figure 81: Ecological status in coastal waters (%) Figure 82: Ecological status in coastal waters Chemical status 4 % of the coastal water bodies are reported as failing the environmental objective of good chemical status, and very few, less than 1 % of the rivers and lakes are reported accordingly. 42

43 Risk assessment Risk assessment in rivers Risk assessment in rivers by length (km) 2 % 1 % 33 % 65 % 63 % 36 % Figure 83: Risk assessment in rivers Figure 84: Risk assessment in rivers by area length (km) 2 % Risk assessment in lakes 45 % 53 % Risk assessment in lakes by area 7 % 31 % 62 % Figure 85: Risk assessment in lakes Risk assessment in coastal waters 62 % 1 % 37 % Figure 86: Risk assessment in lakes Risk assessment in coastal waters by area 73 % 0 % 27 % Figure 87: Risk assessment in coastal areas Figure 88: Risk assessment in coastal areas 43

44 8. Sogn og Fjordane Sogn og Fjordane River Basin District consists of four sub districts. It covers most of County Sogn og Fjordane with the exemption of some catchments from neighbouring counties. Pressures Acid rain from transboundary pollution, water flow regulations and morphological alterations are reported to have significant impact on the highest number of rivers in Sogn og Fjordane. Water flow regulation and morphological alterations are mostly from hydro power plants, but also from flood defence, embankments and barriers reducing ecological continuum. Pollution from agriculture also has significant impact in some rivers in the region. Pressure types in rivers Other pressures Introduced species Transboundary pollution Other morphological alterations River management Water flow regulations and morphological alterations Water Abstraction Diffuse source Point source Figure 89: Pressures in rivers (%) in Sogn og Fjordane RBD Water flow regulation/morphological alterations and acid rain from transboundary pollution are reported to have significant impact in highest number of lakes in Sogn og Fjordane. The water flow regulation originates from hydro power plants and dams mainly. 44

45 Pressure types in lakes Other pressures Introduced species Transboundary pollution Other morphological alterations Water flow regulations and morphological alterations Water Abstraction Diffuse source Figure 90: Pressures in lakes (%) in Sogn og Fjordane RBD Pollution from point sources and diffuse source affect the highest number of coastal water bodies in the region. Point sources are industry and to some extent urban waste water plants. Generally small coastal areas are significantly affected by human activity, the region being relatively low in population. Important river water bodies are infected by the introduced species Gyrodactulus salaris, posing a threat to local stocks of Atlantic salmon. Pressure types in coastal waters Coastal water management Water flow regulations and morphological alterations Diffuse source Point source Figure 91: Pressures in coastal waters (%) in Sogn og Fjordane RBD 45

46 Ecological status Ecological status in rivers by water body count Ecological status in rivers by km 1 % 8 % 38 % 5 % 48 % 2 % 5 % 62 % 3 % 28 % Figure 92: Ecological status in rivers (%) Ecological status in lakes by water body count Figure 93: Ecological status in rivers by river length (km) Ecological status in lakes by area 3 % 2 % 4 % 31 % 60 % 40 % 2 % 8 % 50 % Figure 94: Ecological status in lakes (%) Ecological status in coastal water by water body count Figure 95: Ecological status in lakes Ecological status in coastal water by area 1 % 5 % 13 % 1 % 5 % 81 % 94 % Figure 96: Ecological status in coastal waters (%) Figure 97: Ecological status in coastal waters Chemical status 3 % of the coastal water bodies fail to achieve good chemical status, and only 1 river water body is reported to have poor chemical status. 46

47 Risk assessment Risk assessment in rivers 6 % Risk assessment in rivers by length (km) 4 % 42 % 52 % Unclassified 67 % 29 % Unclassified Figure 98: Risk assessment in rivers Risk assessment in lakes Figure 99: Risk assessment in rivers by area length (km) Risk assessment in lakes by area 36 % 64 % 44 % 56 % Figure 100: Risk assessment in lakes Risk assessment in coastal waters 10 % Figure 101: Risk assessment in lakes Risk assessment in coastal waters by area 4 % 90 % 96 % Figure 102: Risk assessment in coastal areas Figure 103: Risk assessment in coastal areas 47

48 9. Møre og Romsdal Møre og Romsdal River Basin District consists of five sub districts. It covers most of County Møre og Romsdal and some catchments from neighbouring counties. The district has a geography and topography that covers alpine mountains in the inner parts of the region as well as fjords and coastal areas in the outer parts, having a range of various pressures on the water bodies. Pressures Water flow regulations and morphological alterations are reported to have significant impact in the highest number of rivers in the district. These originate from hydro power plants, flood defence, embankments and canalisation. Pollution from diffuse sources, mainly from agriculture, but also urban runoff and households not connected to sewerage systems, have a significant impact in approximately 240 river water bodies. Introduced species poses a threat to a number of rivers in the district, many of which are infected by Gyrodactylus salaris, severely affecting stocks of wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) spawning in the rivers. Pressure types in rivers Other pressures Introduced species Other morphological alterations River management Water flow regulations and morphological alterations Water Abstraction Diffuse source Point source Figure 104: Pressures in rivers (%) in Møre og Romsdal RBD Water flow regulations and morphological alterations have significant impact affects the highest number of lakes in the district, some to a very high degree. Most regulations come from hydro power plants and dams, but barriers and dams for water supply is also reported to affect the lakes. 48

49 Pollution from agriculture impact a number of many lakes, while some are affected by pollution from households not connected to sewerage, transport and infrastructure and mines. Water abstraction and introduces species are also reported to have an impact on lakes. Pressure types in lakes Other pressures Introduced species Other morphological alterations Water flow regulations and morphological alterations Water Abstraction Diffuse source Point source Figure 105: Pressures in lakes (%) in Møre og Romsdal RBD Pollution from point sources and from diffuse sources is affecting the highest number of coastal water bodies in the district. Point sources are industry and urban waste water plants, while diffuse sources are mainly urban runoff and households not connected to sewerage networks. Pressure types in coastal waters Other pressures Other morphological alterations Coastal water management Water flow regulations and morphological alterations Diffuse source Point source Figure 106: Pressures in coastal waters (%) in Møre og Romsdal RBD 49

50 Ecological status Ecological status in rivers by water body count 3 % 1 % 61 % 2 % 12 % 21 % Figure 107: Ecological status in rivers (%) Figure 109: Ecological status in lakes (%) Ecological status in lakes by water body count 3 % 2 % 2 % 8 % 57 % 28 % Ecological status in coastal waters by water body count 71 % 1 % 3 % 25 % Figure 111: Ecological status in coastal waters (%) Ecological status in rivers by length (km) 6 % 0 % 4 % 0 % 83 % 7 % Figure 108: Ecological status in rivers by river length (km) Ecological status in lakes by area 2 % 1 % 38 % 2 % 12 % 45 % Figure 110: Ecological status in lakes Ecological status coastal waters by area 1 % 96 % 3 % Figure 112: Ecological status in coastal waters Chemical status 12 % of coastal water bodies are reported to fail environmental objective of good chemical status. No water bodies in rivers or lakes are reported as failing the environmental objective. 50

51 Risk assessment Risk assessment in rivers by water body count Risk assessment in rivers by km 72 % 0 % 28 % 92 % 8 % Figure 113: Risk assessment in rivers Risk assessment in lakes by water body count 64 % 1 % 35 % Figure 114: Risk assessment in rivers by area length (km) Risk assessment in lakes by area 41 % 0 % 59 % Figure 115: Risk assessment in lakes Risk assessment in coastal water areas Figure 116: Risk assessment in lakes Risk assessment in coastal water by area 3 % 14 % 86 % 97 % Figure 117: Risk assessment in coastal areas Figure 118: Risk assessment in coastal areas 51

52 10. Trøndelag Trøndelag River Basin District consists of 14 sub districts, and it covers most of Counties Nord- Trøndelag and Sør-Trøndelag as well as catchments in neighbouring counties. The District also includes some international river systems entering Sweden. Pressures Pollution from diffuse sources dominates as a significant pressure in rivers in Trøndelag. Main source is agriculture, but pollution from households not connected to sewerage systems, mines, and areas for handling waste also impact the rivers in this region. Pressure types in rivers Other pressures Introduced species Transboundary pollution Other morphological alterations River management Water flow regulations and morphological alterations Water Abstraction Diffuse source Point source Figure 119: Pressures in rivers (%) in Trøndelag RBD Pollution from diffuse sources and water flow regulations and morphological alterations are the pressure types most often reported to affect lakes in Trøndelag. Agriculture and runoff from households not connected to sewerage system are the main diffuse sources. Water flow regulations are mostly from hydro power plants and dams, but water supply reservoirs are also reported. Barriers also have significant impact in some lakes. 52

53 Water abstraction for aquaculture, public water supply and water power plants, and pressure from introduces species also pose a threat to good ecological status in some lakes. Pressure types in lakes Other pressures Introduced species Other morphological alterations Water flow regulations and morphological alterations Water Abstraction Diffuse source Point source Figure 120: Pressures in lakes (%) in Trøndelag RBD Pollution from diffuse sources and point sources as well as coastal water management are the main pressures affecting coastal areas in Trøndelag. Pressure types in coastal waters Other pressures Other morphological alterations Coastal water management Diffuse source Point source Figure 121: Pressures in coastal waters (%) in Trøndelag RBD 53

54 Ecological status Ecological status in rivers by water body count 9 % 1 % 5 % 48 % 9 % 28 % Figure 122: Ecological status in rivers (%) Figure 124: Ecological status in lakes (%) Ecological status in lakes by water body count 2 % 14 % 51 % 2 % 10 % 21 % Ecological status in coastal waters by water body count 4 % 73 % 1 % 22 % Figure 126: Ecological status in coastal waters (%) 0 % Ecological status in rivers by length (km) 30 % 1 % 2 % 10 % 57 % Figure 123: Ecological status in rivers by river length (km) Ecological status in lakes by area 42 % 15 % 10 % 33 % Figure 125: Ecological status in lakes Ecological status in coastal waters by area 94 % 6 % Figure 127: Ecological status in coastal waters Chemical status 2 % of coastal water bodies are reported to fail meeting the environmental objective of good chemical status. Five water bodies in rivers or lakes are reported as failing the environmental objective. 54

55 Risk assessment Risk assessment in rivers by water body count Risk assessment i rivers by km 63 % 37 % 88 % 12 % Figure 128: Risk assessment in rivers Risk assessment in lakes by water body count Figure 129: Risk assessment in rivers by area length (km) Risk assessment in lakes by area 68 % 32 % 56 % 44 % Figure 130: Risk assessment in lakes Risk assessment in coastal water by water body count Figure 131: Risk assessment in lakes Risk assessment in coastal water by area 1 % 29 % 71 % 99 % Figure 132: Risk assessment in coastal areas Figure 133: Risk assessment in coastal areas 55

56 11. Nordland Nordland River Basin District consists of ten sub districts, several of which have river systems crossing the Swedish border. Data from the Swedish side if the border is not included in this report. Nordland RBD also includes the island of Jan Mayen. Data from Jan Mayen is not included in this report. Pressures Pressure from diffuse sources, mainly from agriculture and households not connected to sewerage networks, but also from urban runoff in the more densely populated areas, affect the highest number of rivers in Nordland. Pressure from water flow regulations and morphological alterations are also reported to affect any of the rivers, and impact is often reported to be higher in each river. Regulations are most often connected to hydro power plants, while the morphological alteration most often reported is barriers. Introduces species pose a threat to rivers also in Nordland. Pressure types in rivers Other pressures Introduced species Other morphological alterations River management Water flow regulations and morphological alterations Water Abstraction Diffuse source Point source Figure 134: Pressures in rivers (%) in Nordland RBD Water flow regulations and morphological alterations are reported to be the main impact in lakes in Nordland. Regulations are mainly connected to hydro power plants, and barriers are also reported as having significant impact in lakes. Pollution from diffuse sources like agriculture, and to a lesser extent households not connected to sewerage networks also has a significant impact on a number of lakes. 56

57 Pressure types in lakes Other pressures Introduced species Other morphological alterations Water flow regulations and morphological alterations Water Abstraction Diffuse source Point source Figure 135: Pressures in lakes (%) in Nordland RBD Pollution from both point sources and diffuse sources has significant impact on coastal water bodies in Nordland. Coastal water management, mainly from harbours and piers, and water flow regulations and morphological alterations also affect a number of coastal water bodies. Pressure types in coastal waters Other pressures Other morphological alterations Coastal water management Water flow regulations and morphological alterations Diffuse source Point source Figure 136: Pressures in coastal waters (%) in Nordland RBD 57

58 Ecological status Ecological status in rivers by water body count 14 % 23 % 2 % 10 % 41 % 10 % 5 % Ecological status in rivers by length (km) 25 % 2 % 2 % 66 % Figure 137: Ecological status in rivers (%) Ecological status in lakes by water body count 55 % 1 % 10 % 20 % 3 % 11 % Figure 138: Ecological status in rivers by river length (km) 3 % Ecological status in lakes by area 38 % 1 % 17 % 32 % 9 % Figure 139: Ecological status in lakes (%) Ecological status in coastal waters by water body count 6 % 1 % 74 % 2 % 5 % 12 % Figure 140: Ecological status in lakes Ecological status in coastal waters by area 62 % 1 % 1 % 36 % Figure 141: Ecological status in coastal waters (%) Figure 142: Ecological status in coastal waters Chemical status Only five river water bodies are reported to fail the environmental objective of good chemical status. 58

59 Risk assessment Risk assessment in river by water body count 1 % Risk assessment in rivers by km 0 % 5 % 72 % 27 % 95 % Figure 143: Risk assessment in rivers Risk assessment in lakes by water body count 4 % Figure 144: Risk assessment in rivers by area length (km) Risk assessment in lakes by area 1 % 65 % 31 % 39 % 60 % Figure 145: Risk assessment in lakes Risk assessment in coastal waters 78 % 1 % 21 % Figure 146: Risk assessment in lakes Risk assessment in coastal areas by area 97 % 3 % Figure 147: Risk assessment in coastal areas Figure 148: Risk assessment in coastal areas 59

60 12. Troms Troms River Basin District consists of six sub districts. The District covers most of County Troms and some catchments entering neighbouring counties. The district has some minor catchments entering Sweden and Finland, information from the Swedish and Finnish side if the border is not included in this report. Pressures Water flow regulations and morphological alterations and pollution from diffuse sources are the main significant pressures in rivers in Troms, regulations and physical alterations reported as having the most severe impact in affected rivers. Regulations and physical alterations originate mainly from hydro power plants, diversions, flood defence and embankments and barriers. Pollution from agriculture and urban runoff are also registered pressures in rivers in Troms. Pressure types in rivers Other pressures Introduced species Other morphological alterations River management Water flow regulations and Water Abstraction Diffuse source Point source Figure 149: Pressures in rivers (%) in Troms RBD Water flow regulations and morphological alterations are reported as the main significant pressures in lakes in Troms, mainly origination from hydro power plants. Pollution from agriculture and water abstraction and public water supply are registered in a few lakes. 60

61 Pressure types in lakes Other pressures Water flow regulations and morphological alterations Water Abstraction Diffuse source Figure 150: Pressures in lakes (%) in Troms RBD Pollution from diffuse sources, point sources and coastal water management are reported as main significant pressures in coastal waters in Troms. Pressure types in coastal waters Other pressures Coastal water management Water flow regulations and morphological alterations Diffuse source Point source Figure 151: Pressures in coastal waters (%) in Troms RBD 61

62 Ecological status Ecological status in rivers by water body count 38 % 17 % 1 % 6 % 8 % 30 % Figure 152: Ecological status in rivers (%) Figure 154: Ecological status in lakes (%) Ecological status in lakes by water body count 29 % 35 % 1 % 7 % 17 % 11 % Ecological status in coastal waters by water body count 7 % 23 % 2 % 1 % 8 % 59 % Figure 156: Ecological status in coastal waters (%) Ecological status in rivers by length (km) 39 % 1 % 2 % 23 % 35 % Figure 153: Ecological status in rivers by river length (km) Ecological status in lakes by area 25 % 17 % 1 % 10 % 20 % 27 % Figure 155: Ecological status in lakes Ecological status in coastal waters by area 65 % 2 % 33 % Figure 157: Ecological status in coastal waters Chemical status Only two river water bodies are reported to fail the environmental objective of good chemical status. 62

63 Risk assessment Risk assessment in rivers by water body count Risk assessment in rivesr by km 4 % 80 % 20 % 96 % Figure 158: Risk assessment in rivers Risk assessment in lakes by water body count Figure 159: Risk assessment in rivers by area length (km) Troms Risk assessment by area 1 % 20 % 37 % 79 % 63 % Figure 160: Risk assessment in lakes Risk assessment in coastal water by water body count Figure 161: Risk assessment in lakes Risk assessment in lakes by area 2 % 84 % 16 % 98 % Figure 162: Risk assessment in coastal areas Figure 163: Risk assessment in coastal areas 63

64 13. Finnmark Finnmark River Basin District contains 10 sub districts as shown in the map. This is the second largest RBD in Norway with an area of ~ km 2. The District covers most of County Finnmark and some catchments entering Finland and Russia. This report only contains data from the Norwegian side of the border. Pressures Only a small number of water bodies in Finnmark RBD are affected by human activity, as the region has less than inhabitants. Over 75 % of the lakes and 70 % of the rivers are without registered pressures. Water flow regulations originating from migration barriers and morphological alterations as well as diffuse pollution are the most significant pressures on rivers in Finnmark RBD. Other pressures, although occurring in a small number of water bodies but with significant effects locally, are pollution from Russian metallurgical industry, introduced species and other pressures (mainly from fisheries). Introduced species includes vendace (Coregonus albula), pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha), bullhead (Cottus gobio), minnows and pike. Pressure types in rivers Other pressures Introduced species Transboundary pollution Other morphological alterations River management Water flow regulations and Diffuse source Point source Figure 164: Pressures in rivers (%) in Finnmark RBD Water flow regulations and morphological alterations are the main pressure in lakes in Finnmark that are affected by human activities. The pressure originates mainly from regulation from hydro power plants. Pollution from diffuse sources and pressure from introduces species are also reported as significant pressures in lakes, but the number of lakes affected are relatively small. 64

65 Pressure types in lakes Other pressures Introduced species Transboundary pollution Water flow regulations and morphological alterations Water Abstraction Diffuse source Point source Figure 165: Pressures in lakes (%) in Finnmark RBD The main pressures along the coast of Finnmark are coastal water management and pollution from both diffuse and point sources. Finnmark pressure types in coastal waters Other pressures Coastal water management Diffuse source Point source Figure 166: Pressures in coastal waters (%) in Finnmark RBD 65

66 Ecological status 59 % Ecological status in rivers 3 % 9 % 29 % Ecological status in rivers by length (km) 61 % 3 % 9 % 27 % Figure 167: Ecological status in rivers (%) 65 % Ecological status in lakes 5 % 25 % 5 % Figure 168: Ecological status in rivers by river length (km) Ecological status in lakes by area 59 % 4 % 27 % 10 % Figure 169: Ecological status in lakes (%) Figure 170: Ecological status in lakes Ecological status in coastal waters 86 % 9 % 5 % 0 % Figure 171: Ecological status in coastal waters (%) Ecological status in coastal water by area 99 % 1 % Figure 172: Ecological status in coastal waters Chemical status 10 % of the costal water bodies are failing the environmental objective of good chemical status, where only 1 % of the rivers and even fewer of the lakes are reported as failing the objective. 66

67 Risk assessment Risk assessment in rivesr by water body count 1 % 6 % Risk assessment in rivers by km 3 % 93 % 97 % Figure 173: Risk assessment in rivers Figure 174: Risk assessment in rivers by area length (km) Risk assessment in lakes by water body count Risk assessment in lakes by area 91 % 9 % 83 % 17 % Figure 175: Risk assessment in lakes Risk assessment in coastal areas by water body count Figure 176: Risk assessment in lakes Risk assessment in coastal waters by area 2 % 1 % 97 % 100 % Figure 177: Risk assessment in coastal areas 2 Figure 178: Risk assessment in coastal areas The large numbers of coastal water bodies with unknown risk are due to the incidence of The Red King Crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) in coastal waters in Finnmark. The national authorities are presently reviewing the knowledge base concerning the impact of the Red King Crab and the question of whether it should be included as a significant pressure. 67

68 14. Bottenhavet The main part of Bottenhavet River Basin District is located in Sweden. A smaller number of waterbodies from four sub districts touch across the Norwegian border. Sør-Trøndelag FK is River Basin District Authority on the Norwegian side for Indalsälven, Ljusnan and Ångermanälven sub districts; Østfold FK is River Basin District Authority for Dalälven. There are no coastal water bodies on the Norwegian side of this RBD. Figure 179: Bottenhavet in Norway. The main part of this RBD is located in Sweden. 68

69 The few rivers in the Norwegian parts of Bottenhavet affected by human activity are reported to have significant impact from regulations and water abstraction due to hydro power plants, acid rain from transboundary pollution and introduced species. Diffuse sources are mines. Pressure types in rivers Introduced species Transboundary pollution Water flow regulations and morphological alterations Water Abstraction Diffuse source Point source Figure 180: Pressures in rivers (%) in Bottenhavet RBD The few lakes affected by human activities is subject to introduces species, run off from mines and acid rain. Pressure types in lakes Introduced species Transboundary pollution Diffuse source Figure 181: Pressures in lakes (%) in Bottenhavet RBD 69

70 Ecological status Ecological status in rivers 1 % 2 % 18 % 45 % 34 % Figure 182: Ecological status in rivers (%) 35 % Ecological status in lakes 4 % 5 % 56 % Ecological status in rivers by length (km) 73 % 3 % 1 % 23 % Figure 183: Ecological status in rivers by river length (km) Ecological status in lakes by area 32 % 7 % 61 % Figure 184: Ecological status in lakes (%) Figure 185: Ecological status in lakes Chemical status None of the water bodies fail the environmental objective of good chemical status. Risk assessment Risk assessment in rivers by water body count 4 % Bottenhavet Risk assessment in rivers by lenght 4 % 96 % 96 % Figure 186: Risk assessment in rivers Figure 187: Risk assessment in rivers by area length (km) Risk assessment in lakes 3 % 97 % Risk assessment in lakes by area 4 % 96 % Figure 188: Risk assessment in lakes Figure 189: Risk assessment in lakes 70

71 15. Bottenviken The main part of Bottenviken River Basin District is located in Sweden. A smaller number of waterbodies from four sub districts touch across the Norwegian border. Nordland County is River Basin District Authority on the Norwegian side for this RBD with sub districts Luleälven, Piteälven, Skellefteälven and Umeälven. No coastal water bodies on the Norwegian side of this RBD. Figure 190: Bottenviken in Norway. The main part of this RBD is located in Sweden. 71

72 2 out of a total of 88 river water bodies on the Norwegian parts of Bottenviken are significantly affected by regulation from hydro power plants. Pressure types in rivers Water flow regulations and morphological alterations Figure 191: Pressures in rivers (%) in Bottenviken RBD 7 of a total of 77 lakes are reported to be significantly affected by pressure from hydroelectric dams, introduced species; minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus), and run off from mines. Bottenviken pressure types in lakes Introduced species Water flow regulations and morphological alterations Diffuse source Figure 192: Pressures in lakes (%) in Bottenviken RBD 72

73 Ecological status 1 % Ecological status in rivers 16 % 1 % 82 % Ecological status in rivers by length(km) 14 % 86 % Figure 193: Ecological status in rivers (%) Ecological status in lakes 62 % 2 % 3 % 10 % 23 % Figure 195: Ecological status in lakes (%) Figure 194: Ecological status in rivers by river length (km) 11 % Ecological status in lakes by area 31 % 5 % 4 % 49 % Figure 196: Ecological status in lakes Chemical status No water bodies are at risk of failing the environmental objective of good chemical status. Risk assessment Risk assessment in rivers by water body count 2 % Bottenviken Risk assessment by lenght 0 % 98 % 100 % Figure 197: Risk assessment in rivers Risk assessment in lakes 96 % 4 % Figure 198: Risk assessment in rivers by area length (km) Risk assessment in lakes by area 54 % 46 % Figure 199: Risk assessment in lakes Figure 200: Risk assessment in lakes 73

74 16. Kemijoki The main part of Kemijoki River Basin District is located in Finland. Finnmark FK is RBDA on the Norwegian side for this RBD. No coastal water bodies on the Norwegian side of this RBD. No waterbodies are at risk of failing the environmental objectives. Figure 201: Kemijoki in Norway. The main part of this RBD is located in Finland. 17. Torneå The main part of Torneå River Basin District is located in Finland. Torneälven sub district with 23 waterbodies touch across the Norwegian border. Troms FK is RBDA on the Norwegian side for this RBD. No coastal water bodies on the Norwegian side of this RBD. None of the 23 waterbodies are at risk of failing the environmental objective. 19 waterbodies are reported as having in good og high ecologcal status. 4 waterbodies have undefined ecological status. 74

75 Figure 202: Torneå in Norway. The main part of this RBD is located in Sweden. 75

76 18. Tornionjoen The main part of Tornionjoen River Basin District is situated in Finland. Tornionjoki sub district with 6 water bodies touch across the Norwegian border. Finnmark FK is RBDA on the Norwegian side for this RBD. No coastal water bodies on the Norwegian side of this RBD. Five waterbodies not at risk of failing the envoronmetal objective. One waterbody is yet not characterised. Four waterbodies in good or high ecological status. Two waterbodies are not classified. Figure 203: Tornionjoen in Norway. The main part of this RBD is located in Finland. 76

77 19. Västerhavet The main part of Västerhavet River Basin District is situated in Sweden. A smaller number of waterbodies from four sub districts touch across the Norwegian border with Østfold FK as RBDA: Byälven, Femund/Trysilvassdraget Klaraälv, Røgden Norsälven and Upperudsälven. No coastal water bodies on the Norwegian side of this RBD. Figure 204: Västerhavet in Norway. The main part of this RBD is located in Sweden. 77

78 Pressures Main pressures in rivers are acid rain from transboundary pollution, and pollution from agriculture and households not connected to sewerage networks. Other pressures are also water flow regulations from hydro power plants and timber rafting. Introduced species/diseases are minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus) and Crayfish plague (Aphanomyces astaci). Pressure types in rivers Other pressures Introduced species Transboundary pollution Other morphological alterations River management Water flow regulations and morphological alterations Diffuse source Point source Figure 205: Pressures in rivers (%) in Västerhavet RBD Lakes are reported as significantly affected by acid rain from transboundary pollution, pollution from agriculture and households not connected to sewerage networks, hydroelectric dams, introduced species/diseases; northern pike (Esox lucius) and Crayfish plague (Aphanomyces astaci). 78

79 Pressure types in lakes Other pressures Introduced species Transboundary pollution Water flow regulations and morphological alterations Diffuse source Figure 206: Pressures in lakes (%) in Västerhavet RBD Ecological status % 6 % 64 % Ecological status in rivers 5 % 23 % Ecological status in rivers by length (km) 2 % 0 % 2 % 2 % 19 % 75 % Unclassified Figure 207: Ecological status in rivers (%) Figure 208: Ecological status in rivers by river length (km) Ecological status in lakes 2 % 5 % 69 % 5 % 19 % Ecological status by area 0 % 7 % 2 % 1 % 12 % 78 % Unclassified Figure 209: Ecological status in lakes (%) Figure 210: Ecological status in lakes 79

80 Chemical status One of the lakes is failing the environmental objective of good chemical status. Risk assessment Risk assessment in rivers by water body count Västerhavet Risk assessment in rivers by length 51 % 49 % 54 % 46 % Figure 211: Risk assessment in rivers Risk assessment in lakes Figure 212: Risk assessment in rivers by length (km) Risk assessment in lakes by area 54 % 46 % 35 % 65 % Figure 213: Risk assessment in lakes Figure 214: Risk assessment in lakes 80